The safety and effectiveness of magnetic resonance-guided focused ultrasound thalamotomy has been broadly established and validated for the treatment of essential tremor.In 2018,the first magnetic resonance-guided foc...The safety and effectiveness of magnetic resonance-guided focused ultrasound thalamotomy has been broadly established and validated for the treatment of essential tremor.In 2018,the first magnetic resonance-guided focused ultrasound system in Chinese mainland was installed at the First Medical Center of the PLA General Hospital.This prospective,single center,open-label,single-arm study was part of a worldwide prospective multicenter clinical trial(ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier:NCT03253991)conducted to confirm the safety and efficacy of magnetic resonance-guided focused ultrasound for treating essential tremor in the local population.From 2019 to 2020,10 patients with medication refractory essential tremor were recruited into this open-label,single arm study.The treatment efficacy was determined using the Clinical Rating Scale for Tremor.Safety was evaluated according to the incidence and severity of adverse events.All of the subjects underwent a unilateral thalamotomy targeting the ventral intermediate nucleus.At the baseline assessment,the estimated marginal mean of the Clinical Rating Scale for Tremor total score was 58.3±3.6,and this improved after treatment to 23.1±6.4 at a 12-month follow-up assessment.A total of 50 adverse events were recorded,and 2 were defined as serious.The most common intraoperative adverse events were nausea and headache.The most frequent postoperative adverse events were paresthesia and equilibrium disorder.Most of the adverse events were mild and usually disappeared within a few days.Our findings suggest that magnetic resonance-guided focused ultrasound for the treatment of essential tremor is effective,with a good safety profile,for patients in Chinese mainland.展开更多
The pollution of cotton fields by residual films is serious on ground that has been subjected to long-term drip irrigation in Xinjiang,China,and biodegradable mulches are therefore advocated as an alternative to plast...The pollution of cotton fields by residual films is serious on ground that has been subjected to long-term drip irrigation in Xinjiang,China,and biodegradable mulches are therefore advocated as an alternative to plastic ones.In this study the mulching with biodegradable films under drip irrigation conditions in the extremely arid region of Xinjiang was investigated to determine the effects on soil hydrothermal conditions and cotton(Gossypium hirsutum L.)yield over two consecutive years(2019-2020)using plastic mulch made from polyethylene(PE)film and four types of biodegradable films,including black opaque oxidation-biodegradable film(M1),colorless transparent oxidation-biodegradable film(M2),black opaque fully biodegradable film(M3)and white translucent fully biodegradable film(M4),which had different levels of biodegradability(i.e.different degradation times and rates).The biodegradability,soil water contents,soil temperatures and cotton yields were compared between the degradable(M1 to M4)and PE films.The results indicated that M2 was degraded the quickest and showed the highest degree of degradation compared with the other degradable films and PE films.The degradation rates of the various mulching films were ranked in a descending order as M2,M4,M1,M3 and PE,but the PE mulch exhibited the best performance in terms of soil water and heat conservation throughout the growth period.The soil heat preservation and moisture conservation performance under biodegradable films mulching at the cotton seedling stage and budding stage was similar to that of PE film.The average soil temperature at a depth of 5 cm under mulching with the degradable films was 2.66°C-5.06°C(p<0.05)lower than that under traditional PE films at the flowering stage.At the late stage of cotton growth,the water content of shallow soil mulched with PE film was better for plant grown than that under the biodegradable films.The effect of film degradation on the shallow soil water content was much greater than that in deep soil,especially at a depth of 0-40 cm.However,in all treatments,the seedling rate and growth index of cotton under M2 were equivalent to that found under the PE film.Moreover,the cotton yield using M2 was slightly higher than that for the PE film.Compared with the PE film,the yield of cotton mulched with M1,M3 and M4 was decreased by 7.50%,6.45%and 2.83%in 2019,and 9.82%,6.48%,and 2.13%,in 2020,respectively.Therefore,based on the performance in improving cotton yield and maintaining soil moisture,the biodegradable transparent film(M2)with an 80 d induction period is recommended as a competitive alternative to plastic mulch to enhance crop yield and control soil pollution.展开更多
基金sponsored by Insightec Co.Ltd.(Israel)China National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics,No.NCRCG-PLAGH-2019005 (to LP)
文摘The safety and effectiveness of magnetic resonance-guided focused ultrasound thalamotomy has been broadly established and validated for the treatment of essential tremor.In 2018,the first magnetic resonance-guided focused ultrasound system in Chinese mainland was installed at the First Medical Center of the PLA General Hospital.This prospective,single center,open-label,single-arm study was part of a worldwide prospective multicenter clinical trial(ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier:NCT03253991)conducted to confirm the safety and efficacy of magnetic resonance-guided focused ultrasound for treating essential tremor in the local population.From 2019 to 2020,10 patients with medication refractory essential tremor were recruited into this open-label,single arm study.The treatment efficacy was determined using the Clinical Rating Scale for Tremor.Safety was evaluated according to the incidence and severity of adverse events.All of the subjects underwent a unilateral thalamotomy targeting the ventral intermediate nucleus.At the baseline assessment,the estimated marginal mean of the Clinical Rating Scale for Tremor total score was 58.3±3.6,and this improved after treatment to 23.1±6.4 at a 12-month follow-up assessment.A total of 50 adverse events were recorded,and 2 were defined as serious.The most common intraoperative adverse events were nausea and headache.The most frequent postoperative adverse events were paresthesia and equilibrium disorder.Most of the adverse events were mild and usually disappeared within a few days.Our findings suggest that magnetic resonance-guided focused ultrasound for the treatment of essential tremor is effective,with a good safety profile,for patients in Chinese mainland.
基金supported by a grant from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51869027)Innovation team project in key areas of Xinjiang Production and Construction Crops(Grant No.2019CB004).
文摘The pollution of cotton fields by residual films is serious on ground that has been subjected to long-term drip irrigation in Xinjiang,China,and biodegradable mulches are therefore advocated as an alternative to plastic ones.In this study the mulching with biodegradable films under drip irrigation conditions in the extremely arid region of Xinjiang was investigated to determine the effects on soil hydrothermal conditions and cotton(Gossypium hirsutum L.)yield over two consecutive years(2019-2020)using plastic mulch made from polyethylene(PE)film and four types of biodegradable films,including black opaque oxidation-biodegradable film(M1),colorless transparent oxidation-biodegradable film(M2),black opaque fully biodegradable film(M3)and white translucent fully biodegradable film(M4),which had different levels of biodegradability(i.e.different degradation times and rates).The biodegradability,soil water contents,soil temperatures and cotton yields were compared between the degradable(M1 to M4)and PE films.The results indicated that M2 was degraded the quickest and showed the highest degree of degradation compared with the other degradable films and PE films.The degradation rates of the various mulching films were ranked in a descending order as M2,M4,M1,M3 and PE,but the PE mulch exhibited the best performance in terms of soil water and heat conservation throughout the growth period.The soil heat preservation and moisture conservation performance under biodegradable films mulching at the cotton seedling stage and budding stage was similar to that of PE film.The average soil temperature at a depth of 5 cm under mulching with the degradable films was 2.66°C-5.06°C(p<0.05)lower than that under traditional PE films at the flowering stage.At the late stage of cotton growth,the water content of shallow soil mulched with PE film was better for plant grown than that under the biodegradable films.The effect of film degradation on the shallow soil water content was much greater than that in deep soil,especially at a depth of 0-40 cm.However,in all treatments,the seedling rate and growth index of cotton under M2 were equivalent to that found under the PE film.Moreover,the cotton yield using M2 was slightly higher than that for the PE film.Compared with the PE film,the yield of cotton mulched with M1,M3 and M4 was decreased by 7.50%,6.45%and 2.83%in 2019,and 9.82%,6.48%,and 2.13%,in 2020,respectively.Therefore,based on the performance in improving cotton yield and maintaining soil moisture,the biodegradable transparent film(M2)with an 80 d induction period is recommended as a competitive alternative to plastic mulch to enhance crop yield and control soil pollution.
