Sedimentary architecture of submarine channel-lobe systems under different seafloor topography:Insights from the Rovuma Basin offshore East Africa

Seafloor topography plays an important role in the evolution of submarine lobes.However,it is still not so clear how the shape of slope affects the three-dimensional(3-D)architecture of submarine lobes.In this study,we analyze the effect of topography factors on different hierarchical lobe architectures that formed during Pliocene to Quaternary in the Rovuma Basin offshore East Africa.We characterize the shape,size and growth pattern of different hierarchical lobe architectures using 3-D seismic data.We find that the relief of the topographic slope determines the location of preferential deposition of lobe complexes and single lobes.When the topography is irregular and presents topographic lows,lobe complexes first infill these depressions.Single lobes are deposited preferentially at positions with higher longitudinal(i.e.across-slope)slope gradients.As the longitudinal slope becomes higher,the aspect ratio of the single lobes increases.Lateral(i.e.along-slope)topography does not seem to have a strong influence on the shape of single lobe,but it seems to affect the overlap of single lobes.When the lateral slope gradient is relatively high,the single lobes tend to have a larger overlap surface.Furthermore,as the average of lateral slope and longitudinal slope gets greater,the width/thickness ratio of the single lobe is smaller,i.e.sediments tend to accumulate vertically.The results demonstrate that the shape of slopes more comprehensively influences the 3-D architecture of lobes in natural deep-sea systems than previously other lobe deposits and analogue experiments,which helps us better understand the development and evolution of the distal parts of turbidite systems.

Computed tomography-based radiomic model for the prediction of neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy response in patients with advanced gastric cancer

BACKGROUND Neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy(nICT)has emerged as a popular treatment approach for advanced gastric cancer(AGC)in clinical practice worldwide.However,the response of AGC patients to nICT displays significant heterogeneity,and no existing radiomic model utilizes baseline computed tomography to predict treatment outcomes.AIM To establish a radiomic model to predict the response of AGC patients to nICT.METHODS Patients with AGC who received nICT(n=60)were randomly assigned to a training cohort(n=42)or a test cohort(n=18).Various machine learning models were developed using selected radiomic features and clinical risk factors to predict the response of AGC patients to nICT.An individual radiomic nomogram was established based on the chosen radiomic signature and clinical signature.The performance of all the models was assessed through receiver operating characteristic curve analysis,decision curve analysis(DCA)and the Hosmer Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test.RESULTS The radiomic nomogram could accurately predict the response of AGC patients to nICT.In the test cohort,the area under curve was 0.893,with a 95%confidence interval of 0.803-0.991.DCA indicated that the clinical application of the radiomic nomogram yielded greater net benefit than alternative models.CONCLUSION A nomogram combining a radiomic signature and a clinical signature was designed to predict the efficacy of nICT in patients with AGC.This tool can assist clinicians in treatment-related decision-making.

输卵管再通术联合中药及理疗治疗阻塞性不孕临床效果研究

目的探讨输卵管再通术联合中药及理疗治疗梗阻性不孕的临床效果。方法选取2016年1月—2018年2月邢台市人民医院收治的126例阻塞性不孕患者,采用随机数字表法分成观察组和对照组,每组63例。所有患者均择期行输卵管再通术治疗,对照组术后予以常规处理,观察组则在此基础上于术后首次月经干净后3 d以自拟抗炎通管汤(中药保留灌肠)+理疗治疗。比较两组的临床疗效、术后受孕情况、输卵管通畅情况、血清肿瘤坏死因子(TNF-α)、白细胞介素-1(IL-1)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)水平、不良反应及并发症。结果观察组总有效率为95.2%(60/63),对照组为79.4%(50/63),观察组总有效率高于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组术后1年内受孕率为71.4%(45/63),对照组为52.4%(33/63),观察组受孕率高于对照组(P<0.05)。术后1年,观察组未妊娠者输卵管通畅率高于对照组(P<0.05)。术后3个月,观察组血清TNF-α、IL-1、IL-6水平降低幅度大于对照组(P<0.05)。两组均未见与术后治疗相关的明显不良事件,术后均无子宫内膜或输卵管损伤、阴道流血及感染等严重并发症发生。结论输卵管再通术联合中药及理疗治疗阻塞性不孕有助于维持患者术后输卵管的通畅,提高受孕率,减轻血清TNF-α、IL-1、IL-6等炎症因子反应,整体疗效确切。

Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt for pyrrolizidine alkaloid-related hepatic sinusoidal obstruction syndrome

BACKGROUND Treatments for hepatic sinusoidal obstruction syndrome(HSOS)are limited.AIM To evaluate transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunting(TIPS)as a treatment for pyrrolidine alkaloid-related HSOS(PA-HSOS).METHODS This retrospective analysis included patients with PA-HSOS admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of the University of Science and Technology of China(June 2015 to January 2019).Baseline clinical characteristics and follow-up data were extracted from the medical records.All patients included in this study experienced failure of initial therapy.Patients were divided into the TIPS and conservative treatment groups according to the therapy they received.Liver function,maximal ascites depth,imaging characteristics,pathology findings,and survival were compared between groups.RESULTS The TIPS group included 37 patients(28 males),and the conservative treatment group included 17 patients(11 males).Baseline characteristics were similar between groups.There were two deaths in the TIPS group and seven deaths in the conservative treatment group during follow-up(3-48 mo).The 3-,6-,12-and 24-mo survival rates were 94.6%,94.6%,94.6%and 94.6%,respectively,in the TIPS group and 70.6%,57.8%,57.8%and 57.8%,respectively,in the conservative treatment group.Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed significantly longer survival for the TIPS group than for the conservative treatment group(P=0.001).Compared with the pre-treatment value,maximal ascites depth was significantly lower at 1 wk,2 wk,1 mo,and 3 mo for the TIPS group(all P<0.05)but not in the conservative treatment group.Contrast-enhanced computed tomography demonstrated the disappearance of patchy liver enhancement after TIPS.Pathology showed that liver congestion and hepatocyte swelling improved with time after TIPS placement.CONCLUSION TIPS may achieve better outcomes than conventional symptomatic treatment in patients with PA-HSOS.

Development and external validation of models to predict acute respiratory distress syndrome related to severe acute pancreatitis

BACKGROUND Acute respiratory distress syndrome(ARDS)is a major cause of death in patients with severe acute pancreatitis(SAP).Although a series of prediction models have been developed for early identification of such patients,the majority are complicated or lack validation.A simpler and more credible model is required for clinical practice.AIM To develop and validate a predictive model for SAP related ARDS.METHODS Patients diagnosed with AP from four hospitals located at different regions of China were retrospectively grouped into derivation and validation cohorts.Statistically significant variables were identified using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression method.Predictive models with nomograms were further built using multiple logistic regression analysis with these picked predictors.The discriminatory power of new models was compared with some common models.The performance of calibration ability and clinical utility of the predictive models were evaluated.RESULTS Out of 597 patients with AP,139 were diagnosed with SAP(80 in derivation cohort and 59 in validation cohort)and 99 with ARDS(62 in derivation cohort and 37 in validation cohort).Four identical variables were identified as independent risk factors for both SAP and ARDS:heart rate[odds ratio(OR)=1.05;95%CI:1.04-1.07;P<0.001;OR=1.05,95%CI:1.03-1.07,P<0.001],respiratory rate(OR=1.08,95%CI:1.0-1.17,P=0.047;OR=1.10,95%CI:1.02-1.19,P=0.014),serum calcium concentration(OR=0.26,95%CI:0.09-0.73,P=0.011;OR=0.17,95%CI:0.06-0.48,P=0.001)and blood urea nitrogen(OR=1.15,95%CI:1.09-1.23,P<0.001;OR=1.12,95%CI:1.05-1.19,P<0.001).The area under receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.879(95%CI:0.830-0.928)and 0.898(95%CI:0.848-0.949)for SAP prediction in derivation and validation cohorts,respectively.This value was 0.892(95%CI:0.843-0.941)and 0.833(95%CI:0.754-0.912)for ARDS prediction,respectively.The discriminatory power of our models was improved compared with that of other widely used models and the calibration ability and clinical utility of the prediction models performed adequately.CONCLUSION The present study constructed and validated a simple and accurate predictive model for SAPrelated ARDS in patients with AP.

Experimental observation of pseudogap in a modulation-doped Mott insulator:Sn/Si(111)-(√3×√3)R30°

Unusual quantum phenomena usually emerge upon doping Mott insulators.Using a molecular beam epitaxy system integrated with cryogenic sc√annin√g tunneling microscope,we investigate the electronic structure of a modulation-doped Mott insulator Sn/Si(111)-(√3×√3)R30°.In underdoped regions,we observe a universal pseudogap opening around the Fermi level,which changes little with the applied magnetic field and the occurrence of Sn vacancies.The pseudogap gets smeared out at elevated temperatures and alters in size with the spatial confinement of the Mott insulating phase.Our findings,along with the previously observed superconductivity at a higher doping level,are highly reminiscent of the electronic phase diagram in the doped copper oxide compounds.

一种用于船舶纵-横联合减摇的预测控制器（英文）

目的:为提高船舶运动联合减摇效果,提出一种基于船舶运动及船舶水动力预报的联合减摇控制方法,并基于弱非线性二维半方法进行数值仿真,分析该控制方法的减摇控制效果。创新点:1.提出基于船舶运动预报和水动力预报的减摇方法,克服了控制时延对减摇效果的影响;2.基于弱非线性二维半方法进行船舶运动减摇数值仿真,验证了该方法能够实现良好的联合减摇控制效果。方法:1.在控制过程中基于极短期预报方法预报船舶运动姿态,并利用船舶运动方程预报水动力,将预报的水动力作为鳍角分配的依据;2.基于弱非线性二维半方法在时域内进行船舶运动减摇数值仿真,分析该控制方法在各种不同海况下的减摇控制效果。结论:1.弱非线性二维半方法在高速船舶的水动力预报中可以获得良好的效果;2.在各个不同海况下,本文提出的控制方法能够实现有效的联合减摇。

Machine learning improves prediction of severity and outcomes of acute pancreatitis:a prospective multi-center cohort study

Dear Editor,Acute pancreatitis(AP)is a common acute pancreatic disease of variable severity and outcomes(Mederos et al.,2021).According to systemic and local complications,patients can be classified into severe,moderately severe,and mild AP(Banks et al.,2013).About 20%of AP patients develop severe acute pancreatitis(SAP,with persistent organ failures)of whom 20%–50%die.