Early diagnosis and bioimaging of lung adenocarcinoma cells/organs based on spectroscopy machine learning

Early diagnosis and fast detection with a high accuracy rate of lung cancer are important to improve the treatment effect.In this research,an early fast diagnosis and in vivo imaging method for lung adenocarcinoma are proposed by collecting the spectral data from normal and patients'cells/tissues,such as Fourier infrared spectroscopy(FTIR),UV-vis absorbance,and fluorescence spectra using anthocyanin.The FTIR spectra of human normal lung epithelial cells(BEAS-2B cells)and human lung adenocarcinoma cells(A549 cells)were collected.After the data is cleaned,a feature selection algorithm is used to select important wavelengths,and then,the classification models of support vector machine(SVM)and the grid search method are used to select the optimal model parameters(accuracy:96.89%on the training set and 88.57%on the test set).The optimal model is used to classify all samples,and the accuracy is 94.37%.Moreover,the anthocyanin was prepared and used for the intracellular absorbance and fluorescence,and the optimized algorithm was used for classification(accuracy:91.38%on the training set and 80.77%on the test set).Most importantly,the in vivo cancer imaging can be performed using anthocyanin.The results show that there are differences between lung ade-nocarcinoma and normal lung tissues at the molecular level,reflecting the accuracy,intui-tiveness,and feasibility of this algorithm-assistant anthocyanin imaging in lung cancer diagnosis,thus showing the potential to become an accurate and effective technical means for basic research and clinical diagnosis.

Lanthanide-semiconductor probes for precise imaging-guided phototherapy and immunotherapy

Objective::Immunotherapy is an effective tumor treatment strategy.However,its long treatment cycle limits its wide application across all cancer types.In this study,we optimized upconversion nanoparticles and manganese composite particles with a porous structure as a nanoplatform for synergistic photodynamic therapy(PDT)and photothermal therapy(PTT),and subsequent longer-term immunotherapy.Methods::The morphology,phase,and stability were first characterized to evaluate the biocompatibility of this material.The upconversion and near infrared II luminescence properties of the material and its stimuli-response effect were assessed from the absorbance and photoluminescence spectra.Phototherapy including PDT and PTT was demonstrated in vitro and in vivo,and immunotherapy was used to enhance the phototherapy.This study was approved by the Xi’an Jiaotong University,China(approval No.XJTULAC2020-585)on April 2,2020.Results::The nanoplatform showed good PDT and PTT effects with high upconversion luminescence,and exhibited a more sensitive glutathione response(detection limit:55μg/mL)using fluorescence recovery than that based on absorbance recovery,with the detection range extending up to 1.2 mg/mL.When the surface of the composite particles was modified with an anti-PD-L1 immune checkpoint inhibitor,it targeted A549 lung cancer cells.The resulting immune response enhanced the long-term anti-tumor effect of the therapy,especially in lung cancer patients with high PD-L1 expression.Conclusion::The designed composite can be simultaneously used to detect the glutathione concentration based on luminescence recovery in the tumor cells and as a theranostic nanoplatform for synergistic immuno-phototherapy when combined with an antibody.