Mechanical and electrochemical characteristics in sea water of 5052-O aluminum alloy for ship

The optimum corrosion protection potentials were examined for 5052-O Al alloy,which is mainly used in ships.Various electrochemical experiments were carried out and the surface morphologies of specimens were observed by scanning electron microscopy（SEM） in order to determine the optimum corrosion protection potential to overcome pitting,corrosion,stress corrosion cracking（SCC）,and hydrogen embrittlement in sea water.An optimum protection potential range of-1.3 V to-0.7 V was determined under the application of an impressed current cathodic protection（ICCP） system.The low current densities were shown in the range of-1.3 V to-0.7 V in the electrochemical experiments and good specimen surface morphologies were observed after potentiostatic experiment.

Effects of solution heat treatment on corrosion resistance of 5083F Al alloy

Aluminum alloys are used as substitutes for fiber reinforced polymer(FRP) in ships and boats.However,ships constructed with 5000-series Al alloy suffer a little corrosion in the marine environment,when they run in high speed,and high flow rate,etc.Therefore,solution heat treatment was carried out to prevent corrosion.The optimal heat treatment involved heating specimens for 120 min at 420 ℃ and then cooling them in water.In addition,the optimal ageing condition involved ageing specimens for 240 min at 180 ℃.The slow strain rate test(SSRT) in a seawater revealed that heat treatment under optimal conditions produced improved elongation,time-to-fracture and amount of dimples compared with the as-received specimen.

Electrochemical characteristics of stainless steel using impressed current cathodic protection in seawater

Stainless steels such as STS 304,316 and 630 are frequently used as shaft materials in small fiber reinforced polymer(FRP) fishing boats.If the shaft material is exposed to a severely corrosive environment such as seawater,it should be protected using appropriate methods.The impressed current cathodic protection was used to inhibit corrosion in shaft materials.In anodic polarization,passivity was remarkably more evident in STS 316 stainless steel than in STS 304 and STS 630.The pitting potentials of STS 304,316,and 630 stainless steels were 0.30,0.323,and 0.260 V,respectively.The concentration polarization due to oxygen reduction and activation polarization due to hydrogen generation were evident in the cathodic polarization trends of all three stainless steeds.STS 316 had the lowest current densities in all potential ranges,and STS 630 had the highest.Tafel analysis showed that STS 316 was the most noble in the three.In addition,the corrosion current density was the lowest for STS 316.

Corrosion characteristics of steel in seawater containing various chloride concentrations generated by electrochemical method

The electro-clean system (ECS), a ballast water management system that eliminates harmful aquatic organisms in ship ballast water via electrochemically produced chloride, was developed. The current density for potentiostatic experiments subjected to seawater with an applied potential (-0.1 V) at various TRC concentrations (2×10-6, 6×10-6, 10×10-6, and 15×10-6) have similar results. The current density at -0.1 V has the highest value compared with that at -0.7 V and -0.4 V. For all concentrations, the current density increases with increasing applied potential.

Optimum traveling and rotation speeds in friction stir welding for dissimilar Al alloys

Aluminum alloys are subjected to large deformation and decreased strength due to the high expansion modulus caused by heat effects during friction stir welding （FSW）.The optimum conditions for friction stir welding of 5052-O and 6061-T6 Al alloys were determined.The optimum traveling and rotation speeds were identified to be 61mm/min and 1600r/min using various mechanical characteristic evaluation methods.

Surface characteristics of chemical conversion coating for Mg-Al alloy

The chemical conversion coating was formed on Mg alloy for low cost and harmlessness in environment by using the colloidal silica as the main component.The film formed at 298 K was thick,which was thought to be the combination of Si and O.In salt spray test,the ratio of black rust on the specimen that did not conducted chemical conversion treatment was five times or more than those of the chemical conversion treated specimen.The film of chemical conversion coating produced by alkali treatment process was thinner than the specimen produced in basic chemical conversion treatment solution.

Cavitation and electrochemical characteristics of thermal spray coating with sealing material

Steel applied in ocean environment is exposed to corrosion and cavitation and is subject to increasing damages. To prevent this, anti-corrosion thermal spray coating technique is widely used. The low-temperature thermal spray coating was performed with 85%Al-14.5%Zn-0.5%Zr for ship materials and various sealing materials were applied to improve its durability, and the electrochemical behavior and cavitation characteristics were observed. The results show that the sealing improves all the properties of the materials. Hybrid ceramic and fluoro-silicon sealing materials show good electrochemical characteristics, and the fluoro-silieon sealing material shows the best anti-cavitation characteristics.

Electrochemical characteristics of HVOF spray coated layer with WC-27NiCr and WC-10Co4Cr for Al bronze

Among the environmentally friendly marine energies,tidal current power plants require low cost because they do not need to construct a large dam.Tidal power is particularly reliable energy source because the power generation capacity is predictable regardless of weather or season.Composite materials or stainless steel have been used as materials of blades for current power plant.However,their strength and welding performance generated many problems in field application.Copper alloys with excellent cavitation resistance and corrosion resistance were applied as blade materials to improve the durability of copper alloys.They were coated with WC-27NiCr and WC-10Co4Cr using the high velocity oxy-fuel (HVOF) method.The metal spray coating technology has the advantage in terms of the selection of materials for cost effectiveness and environmental effects of corrosion because the properties of the coat layer can be controlled intentionally.Coating with WC-27NiCr and WC-10Co4Cr by HVOF,WC-27NiCr shows better corrosion resistance overall.The reason for this seems to be that corrosion resistance improves and a stable passive film forms due to the effects of Ni and Cr.

Effects of precipitation strengthening heat treatment for Al-Mg alloy

The corrosions resulting from defects in painting layers frequently occur in Al alloys, so the application of corrosion preventing systems is also very important. Optimum conditions in terms of electrochemistry in relation to solution treatment, quenching and artificial aging treatment were established in order to optimize precipitation strengthening conditions intended to enhance the strength of Al alloys. Slow strain rate tests （SSRT） at various applied potentials were conducted in potential range from -1.8 to 0.5 V. The results show that the maximum tensile strengths, elongations and time-to-fracture are shown to be high values. After precipitation strengthening heat treatment, a tendency appear that time-to-fracture increases as elongation increases. In the potential range from -1.3 V to -0.7 V, the specimens show excellent mechanical properties, and thus this range is considered to be a corrosion prevention range.

Improvement of hydrogen embrittlement and stress corrosion cracking by annealing for Al-4.4Mg-0.6Mn alloy

With no annealing treatment, cathodic polarization trends in 5083F A1 alloy revealed concentration polarization and activation polarization. However, the annealed specimens have lower current densities at corrosion protection potential compared to the non-annealed specimen. The results of SSRTs conducted in seawater at the applied potential range of-l.8 V to -0.5 V indicated that the maximum tensile strength, elongation, and time-to-fracture had high values at applied potentials of -0.7 to -1.4 V. The maximum tensile strength, elongation, and time-to-f？acture decreased when the potential values were beyond this range in either anodic or cathodic direction. In general, the increased shear lip caused by annealing treatment indicates elongation. Time-to-fracture would likely increase with elongation. Potentials between -0.5 V to -0.6 V were found to be in the region of stress corrosion cracking. The corrosion protection zone was determined to be -0.7 V to -J,4 V because these potential ranges produced good mechanical properties. Potential less than -1.4 V produced a fractured surface with a mixture of dimples （ductile fractures） and a quasi-cleavage pattern resulting from the effects of hydrogen gas.

Effects of thickness of Al thermal spray coating for STS 304

Thermal spray coating presents a sacrificial-anode cathodic protection method since differences between the potentials of materials are employed.If a base metal is exposed to seawater,due to defect in the thermal spray coating,the metal is protected by the sacrificial anodic characteristics of the coating layer because micro-cells formed by the base metal and the thermal spray coating act as cathodes and anodes,respectively.The coating thickness has little effect on the surface morphology of the coating.However,the electrochemical properties with the increasing of coating thickness present good results.

Electrochemical characteristics and surface morphology in non-chromate chemical conversion coating for Zn-electroplated steel sheets

The corrosion protection property and morphology of colloidal silica conversion films as an alternative to chemical conversion coating(CCC) films were examined. The corrosion behavior was investigated in 3% NaCl solution using electrochemical techniques. Corrosion was implied by the appearance of red rust on the specimen surface. The results show that in 3% NaCl solution, red rust appears at 15-20, 55-70, and 75-85 d on Zn-electroplated steel, colloidal silica conversion-coated specimens, and chemical conversion-coated, specimens, respectively. In the salt spray test, the colloidal silica film provides better corrosion protection than CCC film, i.e., red rust appears at 96 h on the Zn-electroplated steel sheet, at 432 h on the CCC films, and at 888 h on silica conversion coating.

Mechanical and electrochemical characteristics evaluation in annealing treatment for ship material

The effect of heat treatment on the electrochemical and mechanical properties of SS400 steel was investigated, and the effects of annealing conditions on notched specimens subjected to the slow strain rate test (SSRT) were studied. The results show that no correlations are observed among the maximum tensile strength, yield strength, and stress corrosion cracking. In contrast, the elongation and time-to-fracture are improved with stress-relieving annealing compared with the as-received condition. The elongation, time-to-fracture, and number of dimples increase with annealing heat treatment.