Selective CO_(2)Electroreduction to Multi-Carbon Products on Organic-Functionalized CuO Nanoparticles by Local Micro-Environment Modulation

Surface functionalization of Cu-based catalysts has demonstrated promising potential for enhancing the electrochemical CO_(2)reduction reaction(CO_(2)RR)toward multi-carbon(C2+)products,primarily by suppressing the parasitic hydrogen evolution reaction and facilitating a localized CO_(2)/CO concentration at the electrode.Building upon this approach,we developed surface-functionalized catalysts with exceptional activity and selectivity for electrocatalytic CO_(2)RR to C_(2+)in a neutral electrolyte.Employing CuO nanoparticles coated with hexaethynylbenzene organic molecules(HEB-CuO NPs),a remarkable C_(2+)Faradaic efficiency of nearly 90%was achieved at an unprecedented current density of 300 mA cm^(-2),and a high FE(>80%)was maintained at a wide range of current densities(100-600 mA cm^(-2))in neutral environments using a flow cell.Furthermore,in a membrane electrode assembly(MEA)electrolyzer,86.14%FEC2+was achieved at a partial current density of 387.6 mA cm^(-2)while maintaining continuous operation for over 50 h at a current density of 200 mA cm^(-2).In-situ spectroscopy studies and molecular dynamics simulations reveal that reducing the coverage of coordinated K⋅H2O water increased the probability of intermediate reactants(CO)interacting with the surface,thereby promoting efficient C-C coupling and enhancing the yield of C_(2+)products.This advancement offers significant potential for optimizing local micro-environments for sustainable and highly efficient C_(2+)production.

高危新生儿视网膜黄斑出血与屈光发育异常的相关性研究

目的:探讨高危新生儿视网膜黄斑出血与屈光异常的关系,并分析屈光发育异常的影响因素。方法:对2017-01/2018-01在我院新生儿科住院的高危新生儿1229例2458眼于出生后7d内进行RetCamⅢ眼底照像检查,并于1~1.5岁进行屈光筛查,分析高危新生儿屈光发育异常的影响因素。结果:本研究纳入高危新生儿中视网膜出血未累及黄斑者205眼(A组),其中屈光异常者6眼(2.93%);视网膜出血累及黄斑者57眼(B组),其中屈光异常者17眼(29.82%);无视网膜出血者2196眼(C组),其中屈光异常者40眼(1.82%),B组患儿屈光异常率高于A组和C组(均P<0.001),而A组与C组之间无差异(P=0.27)。Logistic回归分析结果显示,黄斑出血、缺血缺氧性脑病是屈光发育异常的独立危险因素。结论:视网膜黄斑区出血的新生儿中屈光发育异常率较高,黄斑出血和缺血缺氧性脑病是导致屈光发育异常的独立危险因素,应针对此类新生儿群体加强观察和干预。

A review of cathode and electrolyte recovery from spent lithium-ion batteries: Recent technologies, processes and policies

Recently,lithium-ion batteries(LIBs),due to their superior performance,have been vastly applied in electronic,auto,and other industries,resulting in the generation of an increasing amount of spent LIBs.What’s worse,LIBs contained potentially toxic substances,including heavy metals,toxic and flammable electrolyte containing LiBF_(4),LiClO_(4),and LiPF_(6).Conventional disposal of spent LIBs via landfill or incineration exerts tremendous pressure on the environment.It was necessary to adopt efficient,low-cost,and environmentally friendly approaches to valorizing spent LIBs,which could not only alleviate the shortage of rare resources by recycling valuable ele-ments such as Cu,Li,Mn,Ni,Co,and Al,but also eliminate the pollution of harmful components in batteries and realize the recycling and sustainable industry related to consumer electronics and electric vehicles(EVs).Given this,this paper summarized the recycling technologies of spent LIBs,including pyrometallurgy(melting reduction and roasting methods)and hydrometallurgy(leaching,precipitation,extraction,ion-exchange,elec-trochemical,sol-gel methods),and electrolyte recycling(organic solvent extraction and supercritical extraction methods).Pyrometallurgy technologies had relatively decent metal recovery rates but were associated with high energy consumption and atmospheric emission issues.Hydrometallurgical technologies were more environ-mentally friendly and efficient in recovering spent LIBs,although disposing of the wastewater generated from the process remained a challenge.In addition,the different industrial processes and various countries’related policies of recycling spent LIBs were investigated.In the end,the outlooks and future directions of recycling spent LIBs were proposed.

快速可恢复性震损框架结构的抗震性能研究

为研究已震损的钢筋混凝土框架结构的快速可恢复性,对7榀框架进行了预震损及快速加固修复,养护24h后进行低周反复荷载破坏试验,并对比研究了灌浆料种类及钢丝网层数对加固效果的影响。与未损框架结构进行骨架曲线、位移延性系数、刚度退化曲线及等效粘滞阻尼系数等参数的对比分析,计算结果表明,钢丝网复合灌浆料修复对框架的承载力提高作用是有限的,但对抗震性能的提高作用效果明显;两种灌浆料加固均表现出良好的延性。试验结果表明,采用环氧灌浆料不加钢丝网的加固形式即可使加固框架满足抗震需要,为震后建筑的快速修复提供了理论依据。

Reduction mechanisms of pyrite cinder-carbon composite pellets

The non-isothermal reduction mechanisms of pyrite cinder-carbon composite pellets were studied at laboratory scale under argon （Ar） atmosphere. The composite pellets as well as the specimens of separate layers containing pyrite cinder and coal were tested. The degree of reduction was measured by mass loss. The microstmctures of the reduced composite pellets were characterized by scanning electron mi- croscopy （SEM）. It is found that the reduction processes of the composite pellets may be divided into four stages： reduction via CO and H2 from volatiles in coal at 673-973 K, reduction via H2 and C produced by cracking of hydrocarbon at 973-1123 K, direct reduction by carbon via gaseous intermediates at 1123-1323 K, and direct reduction by carbon at above 1323 K. Corresponding to the four stages, the apparent activation energies （E） for the reduction of the composite pellets are 86.26, 78.54, 72.01, and 203.65 kJ.mol-1, respectively.

Effect of axial vertical vibration on degeneration of lumbar intervertebral discs in modified bipedal rats: An in-vivo study

Objective: To assess the effects of axial vibrations on gene expression and lumbar intervertebral disc degeneration in vivo. Methods: A modified bipedal rat model was established using a brachial plexus rhizotomy approach to imitate human upright posture. The experimental animals were randomly divided into three groups: control, vertical vibration, and whole-body vibration. Gene expression in degeneration of the intervertebral discs was assessed by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Results: The expression of aggrecan, Col1α1, Col2α1, and decorin were shown to be up-regulated in 14-week-old rats in the vertical vibration and whole-body vibration groups, whereas biglycan and versican expression was down-regulated in 14-week-old rats of the two experimental groups. Furthermore, biglycan and versican expression levels were shown to be lower in the whole-body vibration group than in the vertical vibration group(P<0.05). Conclusions: This in-vivo study demonstrated that vibrations can influence the expression of anabolic genes. Furthermore, whole-body vibrations seem to have a greater effect in this regard than vertical vibrations. A new method is expected to relieve the low back pain of the patients through our research.

水性环氧改性快速修补砂浆的性能研究

研究了水性固化剂种类、聚灰比对水性环氧改性快速修补砂浆性能的影响,考察了水性环氧改性快速修补砂浆的粘结性能和工程应用情况。结果表明,当水性环氧与水性固化剂的固化时间与无机快硬胶凝材料的硬化时间相匹配时,水性环氧改性快速修补砂浆的力学性能最优;随着聚灰比的增大,水性环氧改性快速修补砂浆的抗折强度逐渐提高,而抗压强度则逐渐降低;该快速修补砂浆与干、湿基面均有较高的粘结强度,应用于混凝土表面浅层缺陷的快速修补工程效果良好。

Kinetic analysis and modeling of maize straw hydrochar combustion using a multi-Gaussian-distributed activation energy model

Combustion kinetics of the hydrochar was investigated using a multi-Gaussian-distributed activation energy model(DAEM)to ex-pand the knowledge on the combustion mechanisms.The results demonstrated that the kinetic parameters calculated by the multi-Gaussian-DAEM accurately represented the experimental conversion rate curves.Overall,the feedstock combustion could be divided into four stages:the decomposition of hemicellulose,cellulose,lignin,and char combustion.The hydrochar combustion could in turn be divided into three stages:the combustion of cellulose,lignin,and char.The mean activation energy ranges obtained for the cellulose,lignin,and char were 273.7-292.8,315.1-334.5,and 354.4-370 kJ/mol,respectively,with the standard deviations of 2.1-23.1,9.5-27.4,and 12.1-22.9 kJ/mol,re-spectively.The cellulose and lignin contents first increased and then decreased with increasing hydrothermal carbonization(HTC)temperature,while the mass fraction of char gradually increased.

混凝土耐久性修复与防护用隔离型涂层材料及应用

混凝土表面防护因能提高混凝土工程的耐久性与延长使用寿命而取得了广泛应用,针对混凝土防护材料的现状,本文提出了以环氧腻子为内层、耐候水性氟碳涂料为外层的混凝土耐久性修复与防护用隔离型涂层结构,该隔离型涂层为混凝土表面提供了一种高强、高粘结、超耐久的防护体系,使用寿命>20年,同时结合一个具体的工程实例,详细介绍了该隔离性涂层的应用施工技术,为混凝土耐久性修复与防护工程提供了新的选择。

两种形式的臭氧处理提升绿茶品质相关机理的研究

以龙井43号一芽二叶作为原料,深入探究臭氧和臭氧水处理对茶叶蛋白变性的影响。结果表明,臭氧水氧化处理的茶样蛋白质氧化程度比臭氧氧化处理的茶样蛋白质氧化程度高;经过臭氧和臭氧水处理的茶叶蛋白质羰基含量均有所提高,其中臭氧水处理组羰基含量更高;茶叶样品感官审评结果为臭氧水洗过的茶样>臭氧处理的茶样>不进行处理的茶样,经过臭氧水洗涤的茶样品质有显著提升;SDS-PAGE电泳实验证实臭氧水氧化处理后的蛋白质存在差异;FT-IR光谱结果说明臭氧可引起蛋白质β-折叠和α-螺旋的含量减少,无规则卷曲和β-转角的含量增加,稳定性下降,有利于绿茶在之后加工步骤中与其他的物质进行结合。由此可见,经过臭氧处理特别是臭氧水处理对茶叶蛋白质氧化变性有明显作用,对茶叶样品品质提升有影响。蛋白质氧化变性与茶样品质提升之间的具体作用机理值得进一步探讨。

亲水型气相二氧化硅对环氧固化剂流变性能的改性研究

采用亲水型气相二氧化硅对环氧固化剂的流变性能进行了改性,研究了不同含水率亲水型气相二氧化硅在不同类型环氧固化剂中的改性效果,以及改性效果的储存稳定性,其结果表明亲水型气相二氧化硅对不同类型的环氧固化剂的流变性能改性效果不同,最优的是改性酚醛胺固化剂,其次是改性脂环胺固化剂,对聚醚胺固化剂改性效果差。亲水型气相二氧化硅对改性酚醛胺环氧固化剂的流变性能改性效果很好,增稠、触变明显,同时储存稳定性好,但高含水率的亲水型气相二氧化硅会降低改性酚醛胺环氧固化剂体系的粘度。

Epstein-Barr virus-encoded small RNAs in idiopathic orbital inflammatory pseudotumor tissues: a comparative case series

AIM： To investigate the positive rate and types of cells that express Epstein-Barr virus-encoded small RNAs （EBERs） and to determine the distribution of EBER-expressing cells in idiopathic orbital inflammatory pseudotumor （IOIP） tissues. METHODS： We retrospectively examined 40 archived paraffin specimens from two teaching hospitals in Southern China between January 2007 and January 2015 that were pathologically determined to exhibit IOIP. Eleven concurrent paraffin specimens of thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy （TAO） composed the control group. In situ hybridization was performed to detect EBERs. Immunohistochemistry was employed to detect CD3, CD20, Vimentin, and smooth muscle actin （SMA）, and the positive rate, types of positive cells, and distribution and location of EBERs were evaluated. RESULTS： The positive expression rate of EBERs was 47.5% （19/40） in the IOIP group, which was significantly higher than that in the TAO group [0 （0/11）, P=-0.011]. in the IOIP group, the lymphocyte infiltrative subtype, fibrotic subtype, and mixed subtype exhibited EBER-positive rates of 57.1% （12121）, 12.5% （118）, and 54.5% （6/11）, respectively, and no significant differences were found between these subtypes （P=0.085）. Positive signals of EBERs were mainly present in medium-small lymphocytes between or around follicles and in the nuclei of activated immunoblasts （14/19）. CONCLUSION： The positive rate, types, and distribution of EBER-expressing cells in IOIP have been documented.These findings are conducive for a better understanding of the underlying mechanisms of Epstein-Barr virus infection in IOIP pathogenesis.

Sintering flue gas desulfurization with different carbon materials modified by microwave irradiation

Modification of metallurgical coke,biomass char and semi-coke was carried out using a microwave device with power of 450-850 W and irradiation time of 6-12 min.The desulfurization rates of three carbon materials before and after modification were tested.The effects of microwave power and irradiation time on the pore texture and surface chemical characteristics of the three carbon materials were examined by SEM,BET and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy（FTIR）.The results showed that the specific surface area,total pore volume and pore diameter of biomass char and semi-coke after irradiation decreased slightly.Noteworthily,the pore diameter turned small and the acidic functional groups on their surface decomposed,thereby the basicity of carbon surface increased by microwave modification.The optimal promotion of desulfurization rate of three carbon materials was semi-coke irradiated at 850 W for 9 min and the sulfur dioxide adsorption rate was up to 45%.

Compressive strain in Cu catalysts:Enhancing generation of C_(2+) products in electrochemical CO_(2) reduction

Elastic strain in Cu catalysts enhances their selectivity for the electrochemical CO_(2)reduction reaction(eCO_(2)RR),particularly toward the formation of multicarbon(C_(2+))products.However,the reasons for this selectivity and the effect of catalyst precursors have not yet been clarified.Hence,we employed a redox strategy to induce strain on the surface of Cu nanocrystals.Oxidative transformation was employed to convert Cu nanocrystals to CuxO nanocrystals;these were subsequently electrochemically reduced to form Cu catalysts,while maintaining their compressive strain.Using a flow cell configuration,a current density of 1 A/cm^(2)and Faradaic efficiency exceeding 80%were realized for the C_(2+)products.The selectivity ratio of C_(2+)/C1 was also remarkable at 9.9,surpassing that observed for the Cu catalyst under tensile strain by approximately 7.6 times.In-situ Raman and infrared spectroscopy revealed a decrease in the coverage of K+ion-hydrated water(K·H_(2)O)on the compressively strained Cu catalysts,consistent with molecular dynamics simulations and density functional theory calculations.Finite element method simulations confirmed that reducing the coverage of coordinated K·H_(2)O water increased the probability of intermediate reactants interacting with the surface,thereby promoting efficient C–C coupling and enhancing the yield of C_(2+)products.These findings provide valuable insights into targeted design strategies for Cu catalysts used in the eCO_(2)RR.

有机电极材料固定化策略

有机电极材料因其理论比容量高、低成本、环境友好以及分子结构可设计性强等特点,有望成为下一代可持续和多功能能量储存设备的有效电极材料。然而,根据"相似相溶"原理,该类材料极易溶解在有机电解液中,导致电池容量衰减快、循环稳定性和倍率性能也较差。目前已有许多研究致力于通过"固定化"过程解决有机电极材料的溶解问题。本综述针对有机电极材料的固定化策略展开评述,介绍了有机电极材料的固定化机理,以及各种固定化策略在不同种类有机电极材料中所起的作用,指出了有机电极材料面临的挑战,并对未来的研究和改进方向进行展望。

Total conversion of centimeter-scale nickel foam into single atom electrocatalysts with highly selective CO_(2)electrocatalytic reduction in neutral electrolyte

To improve the atomic utilization of metals and reduce the cost of industrialization,the one-step total monoatomization of macroscopic bulk metals,as opposed to nanoscale metals,is effective.In this study,we used a thermal diffusion method to directly convert commercial centimeter-scale Ni foam to porous Ni single-atom-loaded carbon nanotubes(CNTs).As expected,owing to the coating of single-atom on porous,highly conductive CNT carriers,Ni single-atom electrocatalysts(Ni-SACs)exhibit extremely high activity and selectivity in CO_(2)electroreduction(CO_(2)RR),yielding a current density of>350 mA/cm^(2),a selectivity for CO of>91%under a flow cell configuration using a 1 M potassium chloride(KCl)electrolyte.Based on the superior activity of the Ni-SACs electrocatalyst,an integrated gas-phase electrochemical zero-gap reactor was introduced to generate a significant amount of CO current for potential practical applications.The overall current can be increased to 800 mA,while maintaining CO Faradaic efficiencies(FEs)at above 90%per unit cell.Our findings and insights on the active site transformation mechanism for macroscopic bulk Ni foam conversion into single atoms can inform the design of highly active single-atom catalysts used in industrial CO_(2)RR systems.

Reduction of Pyrite Cinder Pellets Mixed with Coal Powder

Direct reduction of pyrite cinder in a rotary hearth furnace （RHF） was studied under the condition of labo ratory simulation. Effects of reduction temperature, reduction time, molar ratio of carbon to oxygen, .and CaO addition on metallization rate as well as compressive strength of the pellets after reduction were discussed. The results showed that the metallization rate and compressive strength were 93.9% and 2 160 N per pellet respectively under the conditions of the reduction temperature of 1 200 ℃, the reduction time of 16 min, and the molar ratio of carbon to oxygen （xc/xo） of 1. 0; adding 2.5% CaO was beneficial to sulfur enrichment in slag phase of pellet, and metal- lization rate increased slightly while compressive strength decreased.

大体积灌浆用环氧砂浆研究

通过流动度、力学性能及收缩率测定研究了稀释剂、固化剂、胶液与级配骨料配比对环氧砂浆性能的影响。针对大体积灌浆一次连续灌浆需求,确定了添加质量分数15%的单官能度稀释剂,采用自制改性胺固化剂、胶液与级配骨料质量比1∶4的方案制备了环氧砂浆,其60 min流动度290 mm,弯曲强度32.3 MPa,压缩强度102.1 MPa,收缩值0.009%,具有高流动性、长适应期、低收缩和高强度特点,完全适用于大体积灌浆施工,工程应用效果良好。

Simulation of particle flow in a bell-less type charging system of a blast furnace using the discrete element method

A three-dimensional model was established by the discrete element method （DEM） to analyze the flow and segregation of particles in a charging process in detail. The simulation results of the burden falling trajectory obtained by the model were compared with the industrial charging measurements to validate the applicability of the model. The flow behavior of particles from the weighing hopper to the top layer of a blast furnace and the heaping behavior were analyzed using this model. A radial segregation index （RSI） was used to evaluate the extent of the size segregation in the charging process. In addition, the influence of the chute inclination angle on the size segregation and burden profile during the charging process was investigated.

Curative effect of acupuncture and moxibustion on insomnia: a randomized clinical trial

OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of acupuncture and moxibustion on insomnia and explore its mechanism. METHODS: One hundred and twenty patients were randomly divided into an experiment group and a control group. Sixty patients in the experiment group were treated once a day with acupuncture at Baihui (GV 20), Sishencong (EX-HN 1), Shenmai (BL 62), and Zhaohai (KI 6) and with moxibustion at Baihui (GV 20) and Sishencong (EX-HN 1). Sixty patients in the control group were acupunctured once a day at Shenmen (HT 7), Neiguan (PC 6), and Sanyinjiao (SP 6).The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) was used to compare sleep improvement between the two groups. RESULTS: The total effective rate was 87.7% in the experiment group and 76.3% in the control group. The PSQI scores and the total score were lower after treatment than before treatment in bothgroups. However, the reduction in the experiment group was greater than that in the control group in sleeping quality, time to fall asleep, sleeping disorder, and daytime function (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Acupuncture and moxibustion at Baihui (GV 20), Sishencong (EX-HN 1), Shenmai (BL 62), and Zhaohai (KI 6) significantly improved insomnia symptoms in the experiment group compared with the control group.