Candidate genes conferring ethylene-response in cultivated peanuts determined by BSA-seq and fine-mapping

Ethylene plays essential roles in plant growth,development and stress responses.The ethylene signaling pathway and molecular mechanism have been studied extensively in Arabidopsis and rice but limited in peanuts.Here,we established a sand-culture method to screen pingyangmycin mutagenized peanut lines based on their specific response to ethylene(“triple response”).An ethylene-insensitive mutant,inhibition of peanut hypocotyl elongation 1(iph1),was identified that showed reduced sensitivity to ethylene in both hypocotyl elongation and root growth.Through bulked segregant analysis sequencing,a major gene related to iph1,named AhIPH1,was preliminarily mapped at the chromosome Arahy.01,and further narrowed to a 450-kb genomic region through substitution mapping strategy.A total of 7014 genes were differentially expressed among the ACC treatment through RNA-seq analysis,of which only the Arahy.5BLU0Q gene in the candidate mapping interval was differentially expressed between WT and mutant iph1.Integrating sequence variations,functional annotation and transcriptome analysis revealed that a predicated gene,Arahy.5BLU0Q,encoding SNF1 protein kinase,may be the candidate gene for AhIPH1.This gene contained two single-nucleotide polymorphisms at promoter region and was more highly expressed in iph1 than WT.Our findings reveal a novel ethylene-responsive gene,which provides a theoretical foundation and new genetic resources for the mechanism of ethylene signaling in peanuts.

Highly active cobalt-doped nickel sulfide porous nanocones for high-performance quasi-solid-state zinc-ion batteries

Flexible quasi-solid zinc-ion batteries(ZIBs)have large potential in power applications due to the low price,wearable nature,safety,and high capacity.However,the use of transition metal sulfide cathodes in ZIBs has not been studied extensively and the underlying mechanism and theoretical basis of this type of batteries are not well understood.Herein,a highly active cobalt-doped Ni_(3)S_(2) porous nanocone framework(C12NS)is designed and demonstrated as a zinc-ion battery electrode.First-principles calculation and experiments reveal that the cobalt dopant improves the battery properties greatly.The assembled flexible zinc-ion battery exhibits a high specific capacity of 453.3 mAh g^(−1)at a current density of 0.4 A g^(−1)in as well as excellent cycling stability as manifested by a capacity retention ratio of 89.5%at a current density of 4 A g^(−1)after 5000 cycles.The peak energy density of 553.9 Wh kg^(−1)is also superior to those of most recently reported NiCo-based zinc-ion batteries.More importantly,the flexible battery can be operated under severe mechanical bending and even continues to work after physical puncturing without showing leakage.These exciting results not only reveal a novel design of cathode materials for zinc-based batteries,but also suggest their immense commercial potential in portable and wearable electronics.

Adsorption and Transport of Ciprofloxacin in Quartz Sand at Different pH and Ionic Strength

Effects of pH and ionic strength on ciprofloxacin adsorption in quartz sand were studied through a batch equilibrium adsorption experiment in this paper. The experimental data were fitted by empirical formulas from Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isothermal curves, and the transport experiments in quartz sand at different pH and ionic strength were conducted to investigate the transport characteristics of ciprofloxacin. It was found that with the increase of pH value or ionic strength, adsorption capacity of ciprofloxacin decreased, so that it could move easier. The results indicated that low pH or ionic strength was conductive to the adsorption of ciprofloxacin in quartz sand. Meanwhile, a higher initial concentration or stronger ionic strength could result in a smaller linear distribution coefficient of ciprofloxacin, which meant a low adsorption capacity. According to the fitting results, the adsorption of ciprofloxacin in quartz sand could be described well by both Langmuir and Freundlich equations, of which Freundlich equation had a better efficacy.

Using hydrochemical signatures to characterize the long-period evolution of groundwater information in the Dagu River Basin,China

The evolution of hydrochemical compositions influenced by long-period interactions between groundwater and the geo-environment is a fundamental issue for exploring groundwater quality and vulnerability.This study systematically investigated the hydrochemical processes and anthropogenic interference occurring in the river basin by bivariate plots,Gibbs diagrams,saturation index,and the major ions ratios.Apparent changes in groundwater hydrochemistry have been observed in the study area,illustrating the origins of major ions are affected by various internal and external factors.Results highlighted that TDS varied from freshwater to brackish water,ranging between 187.90 and 2294.81 mg/L.Ca^(2+)and HCO_(3)^(−)are the dominant ions in the studied samples.The results gained by Gibbs diagrams,bivariate plots,saturation index,and the major ions ratios demonstrated that minerals dissolution/precipitation,cation exchange,and human inputs play crucial roles in the unconfined aquifers.Moreover,the overuse of nitrogen fertilizer,livestock manure,and industrial/domestic sewage led to nitrate and nitrite contamination and brought significant challenges to the surrounding hydrogeo-environment.The present study could make an unambiguous identification of natural processes and anthropogenic interventions influencing groundwater hydrochemistry’s long-period evolution and create a preliminary strategy for groundwater resources management.

Coupled effects of pH and kaolinite colloids on antibiotic transport in porous media

Antibiotics can interact with natural colloids and the surrounding media upon entry into soil and groundwater systems,which significantly alters their dynamic behavior and complicates our understanding of antibiotic fate and transport in porous media.In this study,co-transport of antibiotics and kaolinite colloids was systematically investigated using combined column experiments and numerical simulation under different pH conditions.Sulfadiazine(SDZ)transport was enhanced by kaolinite colloids under neutral and alkaline conditions,which was attributed to the higher mobility of colloids as SDZ carriers,as well as competitive sorption.However,most injected SDZ was transported in a dissolved form owing to the low sorption capacity of SDZ to kaolinite colloids and quartz sand.The colloid-facilitated transport model provided a good description of total SDZ transport,but underestimated colloidal SDZ transport using parameters from kinetic sorption experiments.Kaolinite colloids significantly promoted ciprofloxacin(CIP)transport at pH 4.0,but inhibited it at pH 7.0 and9.0.Interestingly,enhanced CIP transport was due to the decreased number of effective sorption sites on quartz sand and the increased desorption of CIP from kaolinite colloids.Under neutral and alkaline conditions,deposited colloids provided additional sorption sites for CIP,which contributed to CIP retention.Moreover,CIP significantly inhibited the transport of kaolinite colloids owing to the increases in colloidal aggregate size and zeta potential.Overall,our results highlighted the different effects of mobile and immobile colloids on antibiotic transport,in addition to the implications of antibiotic speciation and clay colloids when predicting the transport behavior of these compounds.

Remediation mechanism of“double-resistant”bacteria—Sedum alfredii Hance on Pb-and Cd-contaminated soil

Background:Concentrations of heavy metals continue to increase in soil environments as a result of both anthro-pogenic activities and natural processes.Cadmium(Cd)and lead(Pb)is one of the most toxic heavy metals and pose health risks to both humans and the ecosystem.Therefore,effectively solving the problem of heavy metal pollution is the concern of soil workers.Among the existing remediation techniques,only the combined use of microorganisms and plants for remediation of heavy metal-contaminated soil is the greenest and most developed one.Consequently,based on this background,this study investigates the remediation mechanism of Pb and Cd heavy metals using the combined action of bacteria and Sedum alfredii Hance.Methods:In order to enrich the research theory of combined plant and microorganism remediation of heavy metal-contaminated soil,we constructed a heavy metal composite pollution remediation system by combining Pb and Cd-tolerant bacteria with the Pb and Cd hyperaccumulator plant—Sedum alfredii Hance to investigate its combined remediation effect on Pb and Cd composite contaminated soil.Results:The results showed that resistant bacteria were able to promote enrichment of Pb and Cd in Sedum alfredii Hance and J2(200 ml of bacterial solution)was significantly(P<0.05)more effective than J1(100 ml of bacterial solution).The resistant bacteria were able to alleviate the toxic effects of Pb and Cd heavy metals on Sedum alfredii Hance and promote growth while reducing rhizosphere soil pH.The resistant bacteria were able to significantly reduce the effective state of Pb and Cd in the rhizosphere soil(P<0.05),with the greatest reduction in the effective state of Pb in treatment A(Cd7Pb100 mg/kg),where J2 was reduced by 9.98%compared to J0,and the greatest reduction in the effective state of Cd in treatment C(Cd28Pb400 mg/kg),where J2 was 43.53%lower than J0.In addition,the resistant bacteria were able to increase the exchangeable state Cd content by 0.97 to 9.85%.The resistant bacteria had a weakly promoting effect and a highly inhibitory effect on the absorption of Pb by Sedum alfredii Hance.Conclusions:The resistant bacteria can change the rhizosphere environment and significantly improve the remedia-tion effect of Sedum alfredii Hance on heavy metal cadmium.The role of“double-resistant”bacteria in promoting the accumulation of Cd was greater than that of Pb.