Boosting High-Rate Zinc-Storage Performance by the Rational Design of Mn_(2)O_(3) Nanoporous Architecture Cathode

Manganese oxides are regarded as one of the most promising cathode materials in rechargeable aqueous Zn-ion batteries(ZIBs)because of the low price and high security.However,the practical application of Mn2O3 in ZIBs is still plagued by the low specific capacity and poor rate capability.Herein,highly crystalline Mn2O3 materials with interconnected mesostructures and controllable pore sizes are obtained via a ligand-assisted self-assembly process and used as high-performance electrode materials for reversible aqueous ZIBs.The coordination degree between Mn2+and citric acid ligand plays a crucial role in the formation of the mesostructure,and the pore sizes can be easily tuned from 3.2 to 7.3 nm.Ascribed to the unique feature of nanoporous architectures,excellent zinc-storage performance can be achieved in ZIBs during charge/discharge processes.The Mn2O3 electrode exhibits high reversible capacity(233 mAh g−1 at 0.3 A g−1),superior rate capability(162 mAh g−1 retains at 3.08 A g−1)and remarkable cycling durability over 3000 cycles at a high current rate of 3.08 A g−1.Moreover,the corresponding electrode reaction mechanism is studied in depth according to a series of analytical methods.These results suggest that rational design of the nanoporous architecture for electrode materials can effectively improve the battery performance.

Surface Cu^(+) modified ZnIn_(2)S_(4) for promoted visible-light photocatalytic hydrogen evolution

Surface modification by metal ion has been considered a promising strategy to enhance the photocatalytic activity by extending optical response and improving charge separation and transportation.Here,univalent copper species were modified on ZnIn_(2)S_(4)photocatalyst via an in-situ photodeposition method,exhibiting a much higher H2evolution rate of 41.10±3.43 mmol g^(-1)h^(-1)and an impressive apparent quantum efficiency(AQE)of 20.81%at 420±15 nm.Our characterizations indicate that the surface modification by copper species can broaden light utilization as well as promote charge separation and transportation.Besides,the density functional theory(DFT)results further exhibit that the energy levels(LUMO and HOMO)for copper-surface modified ZnIn_(2)S_(4)present spatial separation,locating on the Zn-S and In-S layers,respectively,which can suppress the recombination of electron and hole and thus achieves higher photocatalytic H2evolution efficiency.

三维设计软件在卫星电缆网协同设计中的应用

针对当前商业卫星研发中存在的周期、成本和装配等几个主要问题,提出了一种电缆网三维建模方法,此方法将电缆网的研发和卫星装配有效结合起来。结果表明:此方法的应用缩短了卫星研制周期,提高了卫星线束长度精度、装配效率以及卫星电缆网的质量估算精度等。实现了商业卫星电缆网的三维快速协同设计。

天然气水合物饱和度对含水合物沉积物渗透性的影响

含水合物沉积物的渗透性很大程度影响水合物的分解过程以及产气速率和效率。由于试验条件和试验程序等多种因素的影响,所报道的渗透率值普遍存在很大的差异。利用数值模拟含水合物藏的经济开发,渗透率的准确测量对于预测长期产气量具有重要意义。在本研究中,氧杂环戊烷(THF)水合物在沉积物中形成,表现出孔隙-填充模式的孔隙习性,并将水渗透率量化为水合物饱和度的函数。结果表明,随着水合物饱和度的增加,渗透率降低。根据以Kozeny颗粒包裹和孔隙-充填模式为边界的实测结果,建议采用经验滲透率模型参数,用于长期水合物分解数值模拟。波速测量结果揭示了当Sh<0.5时THF水合物的孔隙充填规律,当Sh>0.6时孔隙充填规律向块状、承重孔隙的逐渐过渡。利用互补孔隙网络模型得到的数值模拟结果表明,沉积物中的THF水合物可能形成平均斑块大小为4个孔隙的小族。

Risk factors for incomplete polyp resection during colonoscopy

Colonoscopic polypectomy is extremely effective in protecting against colorectal cancers,and recognition of adenomas by colonoscopy is of paramount importance in preventing colorectal cancer(CRC)and CRC-associated mortality.Incomplete polyp resection(IPR)occurs routinely in medical practice following polypectomy.We conducted a comprehensive literature search to identify studies that reported on the potential risk factors for IPR using MEDLINE,EMBASE,and PubMed.Publication time was limited between January 2004 and July 2021.Our search revealed assessments of the position,morphology,and histologic variation of the polypsdas well as the relevant skills that may interfere with IPR.The included studies showed that colonic polyps with a diameter>20 mm and proximal in location should be dealt with cautiously.For smaller polyps,cold-snare polypectomy appeared to be the most effective method used to accomplish comprehensive polyp removal.In addition,endoscopist experience in narrow-band imaging in polyp detection were also associated with IPR.Therefore,polypectomy should be performed cautiously if the polyp growth is expected to be cancerous and situated in the proximal portion of the colon or rectum,and modalities should be standardized so as to lower the potential risk for IPR.

Exploration of Strong Metal-Support Interaction in Heterogeneous Catalysts by in situ Transmission Electron Microscopy

The phenomenon of strong metal-support interaction(SMSI)observed in supported metal catalysts,usually accompanied by the formation of the encapsulation layer on metal nanoparticles,has attracted extensive research attention due to its significance in heterogeneous catalysis.Notably,great progress has been made in recent years in investigating SMSI by in situ transmission electron microscopy(TEM),along with an enhanced comprehension of the underlying mechanisms governing SMSI formation.This emerging topic summarizes recent progress utilizing in situ TEM to study the interaction between metal and support and the relationship between the structure and performance of the supported catalyst under reaction conditions.A brief perspective about the use of in situ TEM for further study of SMSI is also presented,showing prospects in this field that will stimulate further upsurging research in promoting the catalytic efficiency of supported catalysts.

Microwave-accelerated direct regeneration of LiCoO_(2)cathodes for Li-ion batteries

Recycling spent lithium-ion batteries is integral to today's low-carbon environmental protection efforts.The concept of direct regeneration,acknowledged for its environmental sustainability,economic viability,and consistent performance of recycled materials,is gaining prominence.This study presents an efficient and nondestructive approach by utilizing an ultrafast microwave technology to directly regenerate spent lithium cobaltate(LCO)cathode materials.In contrast to conventional furnacebased processes,this method significantly reduces the regeneration timeframe.By subjecting the spent LCO mixed with lithium sources to three microwave heating cycles(at approximately 1,350 K),LCO regeneration is achieved,yielding a specific capacity of 140.8 mAh g^(-1)(0.2 C)with a robust cycle stability.With further environmental and economic benefits,the ultrafast microwave technology holds scientific promise for directly regenerating cathode materials,while establishing competitiveness for industrial applications.

Construction of conjugated scaffolds driven by mechanochemistry towards energy storage applications

Mechanochemistry has been recognized as an efficient and sustainable methodology to provide a unique driven force and reaction environments under ambient and neat conditions for the construction of functionalized materials possessing promising properties.Among them,highly porous conjugated scaffolds with attractive electronic conductivities and high surface areas are one of the representative categories exhibiting diverse taskspecific applications,especially in electrochemical energy storage.In recent years,the mechanochemistry-driven procedures have been deployed to construct conjugated scaffolds with engineered structures and properties leveraging the tunability in chemical structures of building blocks and polymerization capability of diverse catalysts.Therefore,a thorough review of related works is required to gain an in-depth understanding of the mechanochemical synthesis procedure and property-performance relationship of the as-produced conjugated scaffolds.Herein,the mechanochemistry-driven construction of conjugated porous networks(CPNs),the carbon-based materials(e.g.,graphite and graphyne),and carbon supported single atom catalysts(CS-SACs)are discussed and summarized.The electrochemical performance of the afforded conductive scaffolds as electrode materials in supercapacitors and alkali-ion batteries is elucidated.Finally,the challenges and potential opportunities related to the construction of conjugated scaffolds driven by mechanochemistry are also discussed and concluded.

Challenges of rock drilling and opportunities from bio-boring

Drilling plays a significant role in the history of human civilization.The exploration of greater depths,extreme environments,or hazardous areas calls for more energy-efficient and high levels of autonomous drilling technologies with reduced cost and improved safety.Meanwhile,nature presents numerous biological boring examples that can be a source of inspiration to renovate our current drilling technologies.This paper reviews both man-made and biological drilling strategies and quantifies their performance by the dimensionless specific drilling energy and the rate of penetration.The results highlight that rotary drilling(including tunnel boring machines)remains the most popular method for subsurface drilling due to its advanced technical status and fewer environmental concerns.For harder rocks,the specific energy of rotary drilling increases dramatically,while percussion drilling requires nearly the same if not lower specific energy but with compromised bit durability that can significantly slow down the drilling operation.Innovative drilling technologies developed and tested in the laboratory still demand improved energy efficiency and penetration rate to be competitive.Bio-boring by natural organisms mostly outperforms man-made drilling technologies in terms of energy efficiency,penetration rate,or both.Studying the underlying mechanisms of bio-boring and translating such knowledge into developing innovative drilling technologies are of significance to subsurface construction and exploration.

世界鞘翅目2020年新分类单元

鞘翅目昆虫是陆地上最大的生物类群,具有极为丰富的物种多样性和形态多样性,在陆地生态系统中发挥着重要作用,与人类社会生产密不可分。定期对世界鞘翅目新分类单元进行汇总整理,有助于更好地了解鞘翅目多样性的发展动态,从而促进对生态系统结构与功能的了解以及鞘翅目昆虫资源的开发与保护。本文对2020年发表的世界鞘翅目分类学文献进行了系统地整理与分析。结果表明,2020年共发表世界鞘翅目新分类单元3,228个(含化石种类),包括1个新科5个新亚科13个新族218个新属18个新亚属2,973个新种;提出了1,319个新组合610个新异名49个降级的分类单元及61个升级的分类单元。重点研究的类群包括隐翅虫科(Staphylinidae)、步甲科(Carabidae)、象甲科(Curculionidae)、天牛科(Cerambycidae)等。世界鞘翅目昆虫新物种模式标本产地涉及118个国家和地区,大部分新物种分布于中国、巴西、墨西哥、厄瓜多尔、印度尼西亚、澳大利亚和越南。收录世界鞘翅目昆虫新发表种的论文/专著共995篇/部,涉及期刊或出版社141个。2020年,世界鞘翅目分类学取得了显著进展,但同时也暴露了新种发现速度略慢于1978-2000年的平均速度以及地区和类群研究力度不均衡的问题,未来仍需加大投入,探寻更加高效准确的方法,以期实现对全球生物多样性的全面评估和保护。

Development of Novel Supported Gold Catalysts： A Materials Perspective

Since Haruta et al. discovered that small gold nanoparticles finely dispersed on certain metal oxide supports can exhibit surprisingly high activity in CO oxidation below room temperature, heterogeneous catalysis by supported gold nanoparticles has attracted tremendous attention. The majority of publications deal with the preparation and characterization of conventional gold catalysts （e.g., Au/TiO2）, the use of gold catalysts in various catalytic reactions, as well as elucidation of the nature of the active sites and reaction mechanisms. In this overview, we highlight the development of novel supported gold catalysts from a materials perspective. Examples, mostly from those reported by our group, are given concerning the development of simple gold catalysts with single metal-support interfaces and heterostructured gold catalysts with complicated interfacial structures. Catalysts in the first category include active Au/SiO2 and Au/metal phosphate catalysts, and those in the second category include catalysts prepared by pre-modification of supports before loading gold, by post-modification of supported gold catalysts, or by simultaneous dispersion of gold and an inorganic component onto a support. CO oxidation has generally been employed as a probe reaction to screen the activities of these catalysts. These novel gold catalysts not only provide possibilities for applied catalysis, but also furnish grounds for fundamental research.

A Facile Synthesis of Monodisperse Au Nanoparticles and Their Catalysis of CO Oxidation

Monodisperse Au nanoparticles(NPs)have been synthesized at room temperature via a burst nucleation of Au upon injection of the reducing agent t-butylamine-borane complex into a 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene solution of HAuCl4·3H2O in the presence of oleylamine.The as-synthesized Au NPs show size-dependent surface plasmonic properties between 520 and 530 nm.They adopt an icosahedral shape and are polycrystalline with multiple-twinned structures.When deposited on a graphitized porous carbon support,the NPs are highly active for CO oxidation,showing 100%CO conversion at-45°C.

Ultrasound-driven fabrication of high-entropy alloy nanocatalysts promoted by alcoholic ionic liquids

High-entropy alloy nanoparticles(HEA-NPs)are highly underutilized in heterogeneous catalysis due to the absence of a reliable,sustainable,and facile synthetic method.Herein,we report a facile synthesis of HEA nanocatalysts realized via an ultrasounddriven wet chemistry method promoted by alcoholic ionic liquids(AILs).Owing to the intrinsic reducing ability of the hydroxyl group,AILs were synthesized and utilized as environmentally friendly alternatives to conventional reducing agents and volatile organic solvents in the synthetic process.Under high-intensity ultrasound irradiation,Au^(3+),Pd^(2+),Pt^(2+),Rh^(3+),and Ru^(3+)ions were coreduced and transformed into single-phase HEA(AuPdPtRhRu)nanocrystals without calcination.Characterization results reveal that the as-synthesized nanocrystals are composed of elements of Au,Pd,Pt,Rh,and Ru as expected.Compared to the monometallic counterparts such as Pd-NPs,the carbon-supported HEA nanocatalysts show superior catalytic performance for selective hydrogenation of phenol to cyclohexanone in terms of yield and selectivity.Our synthetic strategy provides an improved and facile methodology for the sustainable synthesis of multicomponent alloys for catalysis and other applications.

A critical review of ferritin as a drug nanocarrier:Structure,properties,comparative advantages and challenges

Ferritin stores and releases iron ions in mammals.It is globally important as a drug nanocarrier.This is because of its unique hollow-spherical structure,desirable stability and biological properties.Novel drug-loading approaches plus various functionalization approaches have been developed to improve ferritin in response to differing demands in disease treatments.Here,we critically review ferritin drug delivery and evaluate its diverse drug-loading and functionalization approaches,we:(1)Introduce basic structural and property information related to ferritin as a drug nanocarrier;(2)Contrast in detail the different means to load drugs and the selection of drug loading means;(3)Discuss multiple ferritin functionalization approaches,together with related advantages and potential risks;and,(4)Compare ferritin with alternative,commonly-used drug nanocarriers.We conclude that despite that no drugs based on ferritin are commercially available,the market potential for it is significant,and evaluate future research directions.Findings from this work will be of immediate benefit and interest to a wide range of researchers and manufacturers for drug delivery using ferritin.

孔隙特征对土体内部流动特性的影响——孔隙尺度的数值研究（英文）

目的:研究土体内部的流动现象对岩土、农业及地质工程等领域具有重要意义。本文旨在探讨孔隙的平均直径、直径标准差、配位数及各向异性对土体内部水压、流量分布、流动模式及关键流动路径的影响,为评估土质屏障中的优势流动行为提供依据。创新点:1.在孔隙尺度分析孔隙特征对土体宏观渗透率及内部流动规律的影响;2.评估多个孔隙特征参数(如孔隙的平均直径、直径标准差、配位数及三种孔隙直径分布形式)对土体内部优势流动行为的影响。方法:1.将土体孔隙空间简化为由孔隙与吼道互相连接构成的球-杆模型,并通过改变孔隙和吼道的特征参数来描述复杂的孔隙结构;2.利用孔隙网络模型得到单元体内部水压和流量分布情况,为计算土体固有渗透率和评估其流动特性提供基础数据;3.基于击穿路径的概念,分析不同孔隙特征下土体内部流动的迂曲和非均匀程度;4.通过引入吼道收缩系数,调整水平或竖直吼道直径大小,评估孔隙各向异性对流动规律的影响。结论:1.土体的孔隙率和固有渗透率均随着孔隙直径平均值的增大、标准差的减小及配位数的增大而增大。2.孔隙直径的变异系数(COV)越高,土体内部水压和流量的分布越不均匀;配位数的提高会削弱水压的局部化分布但会提高流量的不均匀程度。3.随着COV的提高,击穿路径变得更加曲折;当COV由0增加到1.0时,击穿路径的迂曲度由1.00增加到大约1.71,击穿路径承担的流量占总流量的比值由2.0%提高到7.8%。4.水平与竖直吼道直径比值的提高,也会导致击穿路径迂曲度的提高;水平与竖直固有渗透率的比值和水平与竖直吼道直径的比值呈双对数线性相关。

Robust perfluorinated porous organic networks: Succinct synthetic strategy and application in chlorofluorocarbons adsorption

Fluorinated porous organic networks(F-PONs)have demonstrated unique properties and applications,but approaches capable of affording F-PONs with high fluorine content and robust nanoporous architecture under metal-free and easy handling conditions are still rarely reported.Herein,using polydivinylbenzene(PDVB)as an easily available precursor,a novel and straightforward approach was developed to afford F-PONs via a dehydrative Friedel-Crafts reaction using perfluorinated benzylic alcohols as the cross-linking agent promoted by Bronsted acid(trifluoromethanesulfonic acid).The afforded material(F-PDVB)featured high fluorine content(22 at.%),large surface area(771 m^(2)·g^(-1)),and good chemical/thermal stability,rendering them as promising candidates for the adsorption of CO_(2),hydrocarbons,fluorocarbons,and chlorofluorocarbons,with weight capacities up to 520 wt.%being achieved.This simple methodology can be extended to fabricate fluorinated hyper-crosslinked polymers(F-HCPs)from rigid aromatic monomers.The progress made in this work will open new opportunities to further expand the involvement of fluorinated materials in large scale applications.

Synergistic effect of bimetallic RuPt/TiO_(2) catalyst in methane combustion

Designing metal compounds based on their structure and chemical composition is essential in achieving desirable performance in methane oxidation,because of the synergistic effect between different metal elements.Herein,a bimetallic Ru-Pt catalyst on TiO_(2) support(RuPt-O/TiO_(2)) was prepared by in situ reduction followed by calcination in air.Compared with monometallic catalysts(Ru-O/TiO_(2) and Pt-O/TiO_(2)),the synergistic effect of mixed metals endowed bimetallic catalysts with excellent stability and outstanding performance in methane oxidation,with a reaction rate of 13.9×10^(-5)mol^(-1)_(CH_(4))·g^(-1)_(Ru+Pt)·s^(-1)at 303℃.The varied characterization results revealed that among the bimetallic catalysts,RuO_(2)was epitaxially grown on the TiO_(2) substrate owing to lattice matching between them,and part of the PtO_(x) adhered to the RuO_(2) surface,in addition to a single PtO_(x) nanoparticle with 4 nm in size.Consequently,Pt mainly existed in the form of Pt2+and Pt4+and a small amount of zero valence in the bimetallic catalyst,prompting the adsorption and activation of methane as the first and rate-controlling step for CH_(4) oxidation.More importantly,the RuO_(2) species provided additional oxygen species to facilitate the redox cycle of the PtO_(x) species.This study opens a new route for structurally designing promising catalysts for CH4oxidation.

Polyphenols from Securidaca inappendiculata alleviated acute lung injury in rats by inhibiting oxidative stress sensitive pathways

Objective:Securidaca inappendiculata is a medicinal plant frequently used in the treatment of inflammatory diseases in south China.In this study,we aimed to explore its bioactive constituent which contributes to the anti-inflammatory activity.Methods:Polyphenol-enriched and polyphenol-deprived fractions(PRF and PDF,respectively)were separated from the ethanolic extract by HPD300 macroporous resin-based method,and their antiinflammatory activities were investigated on a lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced acute lung injury(ALI)model in rats.The possible mechanism of action in alleviating acute inflammation was studied using RAW264.7 cells.Results:Both Folin-Ciocalteu and^(1)H nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)analyses showed that polyphenolic content in PRF was approximately 10 times higher than that of PDF,and this observation reflected in their antioxidative capacities.PRF but not PDF significantly decreased the level of malondialdehyde,suppressed the expression of nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase(NAMPT)protein,and improved the severity of ALI in rats.PRF at 10μg/mL effectively downregulated the expression of proteins NAMPT,HMGB1,TLR4,and p-p65,and scavenged the intracellular reactive oxygen species(ROS)in LPS-primed RAW264.7 cells.N-acetyl-L-cysteine exhibited similar inhibitory effects on ROS production and NAMPT-mediated TLR4/NF-κB activation in vitro,whereas nicotinamide mononucleotide antagonized all the changes induced by PRF during cotreatments.Conclusion:As an antioxidant,PRF exhibited potent anti-inflammatory activity under both in vivo and in vitro conditions by downregulating NAMPT and TLR4/NF-κB.Accordingly,polyphenols were identified as important bioactive constituents in S.inappendiculata targeting oxidative stress-sensitive proinflammatory pathways.

Photo-functionalized TiO_(2) nanotubes decorated with multifunctional Ag nanoparticles for enhanced vascular biocompatibility

Titanium dioxide(TiO2)has a long history of application in blood contact materials,but it often suffers from insufficient anticoagulant properties.Recently,we have revealed the photocatalytic effect of TiO2 also induces anticoagulant properties.However,for long-term vascular implant devices such as vascular stents,besides anticoagulation,also anti-inflammatory,anti-hyperplastic properties,and the ability to support endothelial repair,are desired.To meet these requirements,here,we immobilized silver nanoparticles(AgNPs)on the surface of TiO2 nanotubes(TiO2-NTs)to obtain a composite material with enhanced photo-induced anticoagulant property and improvement of the other requested properties.The photo-functionalized TiO2-NTs showed protein-fouling resistance,causing the anticoagulant property and the ability to suppress cell adhesion.The immobilized AgNPs increased the photocatalytic activity of TiO2-NTs to enhances its photo-induced anticoagulant property.The AgNP density was optimized to endow the TiO2-NTs with anti-inflammatory property,a strong inhibitory effect on smooth muscle cells(SMCs),and low toxicity to endothelial cells(ECs).The in vivo test indicated that the photofunctionalized composite material achieved outstanding biocompatibility in vasculature via the synergy of photo-functionalized TiO2-NTs and the multifunctional AgNPs,and therefore has enormous potential in the field of cardiovascular implant devices.Our research could be a useful reference for further designing of multifunctional TiO2 materials with high vascular biocompatibility.

介于二维和三维晶体间的超薄晶态材料的X射线衍射及对称性研究

为了深入理解超薄晶态材料的结构和对称性的独特性,本文在充分考虑超薄晶态材料堆积自由度的情况下,从数学和晶体学角度对介于二维与三维之间的超薄纳米晶体的对称性和X射线衍射进行了探讨.认为超薄纳米晶体的对称性需要用数学层群(layer group)来描述;另外,由于其层堆叠方向上不具有周期性结构,超薄纳米晶体可能产生特异衍射特征.为了验证这一观点,研究了三类在层堆叠方向不具有周期性的典型超薄纳米晶体的X射线衍射,从实验上观察到了超薄纳米晶体与其体相三维晶体粉末X射线衍射的不同;针对基于三维晶体的X射线衍射模拟软件不再适用于超薄纳米晶体的情况,发展了超薄纳米晶体的全结构X射线衍射分析方法,很好地模拟了超薄纳米晶粉末X射线衍射图.该研究对超薄纳米晶态材料的结构及对称性提出了新见解,将有益于推动相关材料的构效关系研究和新功能开发.