SIRT1 inhibits apoptosis of human lens epithelial cells through suppressing endoplasmic reticulum stress in vitro and in vivo

AIM:To explore the effect of silent information regulator factor 2-related enzyme 1(SIRT1)on modulating apoptosis of human lens epithelial cells(HLECs)and alleviating lens opacification of rats through suppressing endoplasmic reticulum(ER)stress.METHODS:HLECs(SRA01/04)were treated with varying concentrations of tunicamycin(TM)for 24h,and the expression of SIRT1 and C/EBP homologous protein(CHOP)was assessed using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR),Western blotting,and immunofluorescence.Cell morphology and proliferation was evaluated using an inverted microscope and cell counting kit-8(CCK-8)assay,respectively.In the SRA01/04 cell apoptosis model,which underwent siRNA transfection for SIRT1 knockdown and SRT1720 treatment for its activation,the expression levels of SIRT1,CHOP,glucose regulated protein 78(GRP78),and activating transcription factor 4(ATF4)were examined.The potential reversal of SIRT1 knockdown effects by 4-phenyl butyric acid(4-PBA;an ER stress inhibitor)was investigated.In vivo,age-related cataract(ARC)rat models were induced by sodium selenite injection,and the protective role of SIRT1,activated by SRT1720 intraperitoneal injections,was evaluated through morphology observation,hematoxylin and eosin(H&E)staining,Western blotting,and RT-PCR.RESULTS:SIRT1 expression was downregulated in TMinduced SRA01/04 cells.Besides,in SRA01/04 cells,both cell apoptosis and CHOP expression increased with the rising doses of TM.ER stress was stimulated by TM,as evidenced by the increased GRP78 and ATF4 in the SRA01/04 cell apoptosis model.Inhibition of SIRT1 by siRNA knockdown increased ER stress activation,whereas SRT1720 treatment had opposite results.4-PBA partly reverse the adverse effect of SIRT1 knockdown on apoptosis.In vivo,SRT1720 attenuated the lens opacification and weakened the ER stress activation in ARC rat models.CONCLUSION:SIRT1 plays a protective role against TM-induced apoptosis in HLECs and slows the progression of cataract in rats by inhibiting ER stress.These findings suggest a novel strategy for cataract treatment focused on targeting ER stress,highlighting the therapeutic potential of SIRT1 modulation in ARC development.

Lu-H-N Phase Diagram from First-Principles Calculations

Employing a comprehensive structure search and high-throughput first-principles calculation method on 1561 compounds,the present study reveals the phase diagram of Lu-H-N.In detail,the formation energy landscape of Lu-H-N is derived and utilized to assess the thermodynamic stability of each compound that is created via element substitution.The result indicates that there is no stable ternary structure in the Lu-H-N chemical system,however,metastable ternary structures,such as Lu_(20)H_(2)N_(17)(C2/m)and Lu_(2)H_(2)N(P3m1),are observed to have small E_(hull)(<100 meV/atom).It is also found that the energy convex hull of the Lu-H-N system shifts its shape when applying hydrostatic pressure up to 10 GPa,and the external pressure stabilizes a couple of binary phases such as LuN_9 and Lu_(10)H_(21).Additionally,interstitial voids in LuH_(2)are observed,which may explain the formation of Lu_(10)H_(21)and LuH_(3-δ)N_ε.To provide a basis for comparison,x-ray diffraction patterns and electronic structures of some compounds are also presented.

MatChat: A large language model and application service platform for materials science

The prediction of chemical synthesis pathways plays a pivotal role in materials science research. Challenges, such as the complexity of synthesis pathways and the lack of comprehensive datasets, currently hinder our ability to predict these chemical processes accurately. However, recent advancements in generative artificial intelligence(GAI), including automated text generation and question–answering systems, coupled with fine-tuning techniques, have facilitated the deployment of large-scale AI models tailored to specific domains. In this study, we harness the power of the LLaMA2-7B model and enhance it through a learning process that incorporates 13878 pieces of structured material knowledge data.This specialized AI model, named Mat Chat, focuses on predicting inorganic material synthesis pathways. Mat Chat exhibits remarkable proficiency in generating and reasoning with knowledge in materials science. Although Mat Chat requires further refinement to meet the diverse material design needs, this research undeniably highlights its impressive reasoning capabilities and innovative potential in materials science. Mat Chat is now accessible online and open for use, with both the model and its application framework available as open source. This study establishes a robust foundation for collaborative innovation in the integration of generative AI in materials science.

Engineering Interlayer Hybridization in Energy Space via Dipolar Overlayers

The interlayer hybridization(IH)of van der Waals(vdW)materials is thought to be mostly associated with the unignorable interlayer overlaps of wavefunctions(t)in real space.Here,we develop a more fundamental understanding of IH by introducing a new physical quantity,the IH admixture ratioα.Consequently,an exotic strategy of IH engineering in energy space can be proposed,i.e.,instead of changing t as commonly used,αcan be effectively tuned in energy space by changing the on-site energy difference(2Δ)between neighboring-layer states.In practice,this is feasible via reshaping the electrostatic potential of the surface by deposing a dipolar overlayer,e.g.,crystalline ice.Our first-principles calculations unveil that IH engineering via adjusting 2Δcan greatly tune interlayer optical transitions in transition-metal dichalcogenide bilayers,switch different types of Dirac surface states in Bi_(2)Se_(3)thin films,and control magnetic phase transition of charge density waves in 1H/1T-TaS_(2)bilayers,opening new opportunities to govern the fundamental optoelectronic,topological,and magnetic properties of vdW systems beyond the traditional interlayer distance or twisting engineering.

Energy Landscape and Phase Competition of CsV_(3)Sb_(5),CsV_(6)Sb_(6)and TbMn_(6)Sn_(6)-Type Kagome Materials

Finding viable Kagome lattices is vital for materializing novel phenomena in quantum materials.In this study,we performed element substitutions on CsV_(3)Sb_(5)with space group P 6/mmm,TbMn_(6)Sn_(6)with space group P 6/mmm,and CsV_(6)Sb_(6)with space group R3m,as the parent compounds.Totally 4158 materials were obtained through element substitutions,and these materials were then calculated via density functional theory in high-throughput mode.Afterwards,48 materials were identified with high thermodynamic stability(E_(hull)<5 meV/atom).Furthermore,we compared the thermodynamic stability of three different phases with the same elemental composition and predicted some competing phases that may arise during material synthesis.Finally,by calculating the electronic structures of these materials,we attempted to identify patterns in the electronic structure variations as the elements change.This study provides guidance for discovering promising AM_(3)X_(5)/AM_(6)X_(6)Kagome materials from a vast phase space.

集散式油井动液面监测井场集中监控器研制

对于低渗、超低渗油田,特别是丛式井场和大井组油井,油井连续实时监测需每一口油井安装一台固定式连续动液面监测仪,致使油井投资成本过高而难以实施,为此研制了一种集散式动液面监测井场集中监控器。硬件基于STM32F429嵌入式系统,软件采用RT-thread实时操作系统,以自定义协议进行通信,RS485总线连接多井口监测仪表进行测量同步控制及多路监测实时数据读取,通过4G网络传输至监测分析平台进行数据解析与实时计算。现场应用表明,该井场集中监控器能有效降低油井动液面监测生产成本,提高油井动液面连续实时监测的准确性与可靠性,在数字化智能油田建设与油田开发生产中具有典型应用价值。

油井动液面实时监测数据存储器研制

油井动液面在线实时监测以移动公网GPRS或数字化内网模式传输数据,由于许多偏远井场无GPRS信号、无数字化内网或网络信号不稳定,无法实现动液面实时监测数据处理与计算。为此,研制了一种油井动液面实时监测数据存储器。该数据存储器通过井口动液面仪表RS485接口实现实时监测数据转存,经存储器USB口电路导入到后台监测服务器进行数据处理与计算,硬件基于STM32嵌入式系统,软件采用RT-Thread实时操作系统,以自定义帧格式进行实时数据读取、处理、存储、导出等,实现了偏远油井动液面实时动态监测与综合分析,对数字化智慧油田建设与油田开发生产具有典型的应用价值。

钻完井试油液面监测系统设计

钻完井试油液面实时动态监测至关重要,准确可靠监测数据是试油分析的基础,传统试油液面监测方法与系统难以满足要求。为满足目前对于钻完井试油液面监测的要求,设计了一套钻完井试油液面监测系统,包括井口仪表和试油液面监控器,采用压缩伴生气产生次声波,利用套管接箍回波和油管内液面回波计算井筒实时动态液面和油井压力恢复曲线。该系统在现场应用操作简单,液面监测数据准确可靠,证明了该系统在油田勘探开发具有一定的应用价值。

冬奥场馆供电安全运行保障研究

在绿色、共享、开放、廉洁的办奥理念指引下,国家电网按照“四个确保、一个展示”要求,持续用力、做深做实冬奥电力保障的各项工作,确保为用电建设及时可靠供电。研究冬奥会大型场馆供电安全运行保障工作,论述国家电网在大型场馆的重大活动中的供电安全运行保障经验,为其他重大活动主办方供电保电任务提供专业指导。

基于空气动力学的高山滑雪竞赛服减阻分析

竞赛服是高山滑雪项目中包裹运动员身体面积最大的竞赛装备,在竞速项目中竞赛服的空气动力学性能备受关注。为研发出减阻性能优异的比赛服装,简述了高山滑雪竞赛服的特点及要求,并通过对竞赛服空气动力学影响因素研究现状的分析,得出可从服装面料性能与组成、结构设计、加工工艺等方面进行减阻设计,以期基于空气动力学理论,通过科技手段研发出高性能减阻竞赛服,有效减少空气阻力,提升运动员比赛成绩,实现科技助力冬奥。

黄连解毒汤含药血清激活PPARγ诱导RAW264.7源性泡沫细胞向M2表型极化

目的:通过体外细胞实验观察黄连解毒汤干预RAW264.7源性泡沫细胞PPARγ表达对细胞极化的影响,探讨黄连解毒汤抗动脉粥样硬化的部分作用机制。方法:氧化低密度脂蛋白(ox-LDL)诱导RAW264.7源性泡沫细胞;油红O染色法鉴定细胞泡沫化;以一定浓度的黄连解毒汤含药血清干预细胞,流式细胞术鉴定M2型巨噬细胞表达;酶联免疫吸附测定(ELISA)检测细胞上清IL-1β、IL-10、转化生长因子-β(TGF-β)和肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)的含量;蛋白免疫印迹法(Western blot)测定细胞过氧化物酶体增殖剂激活受体γ(PPARγ),精氨酸酶1(Arg-1)的蛋白表达水平。结果:油红O染色显示,泡沫细胞模型制备成功。含药血清干预后,与模型组相比,巨噬细胞CD206分子表达阳性数量明显升高(P<0.01)。细胞上清IL-1β、TNF-α的表达下调,IL-10、TGF-β的表达明显增多(P<0.05,P<0.01),PPARγ、Arg-1的蛋白表达水平明显升高(P<0.05,P<0.01)。结论:黄连解毒汤可通过激活PPARγ促进ox-LDL诱导的RAW264.7源性泡沫细胞向M2表型极化,发挥抗炎作用,这可能是其防治动脉粥样硬化机制之一。

黄连解毒汤含药血清对ox-LDL诱导的巨噬细胞泡沫化TLR7信号通路的影响

目的:考察黄连解毒汤含药血清对RAW264.7巨噬细胞源性泡沫细胞炎症反应的影响,并通过TLR7/MyD88/NF-κB通路探讨黄连解毒汤抗动脉粥样硬化(AS)的分子作用机制。方法:ox-LDL诱导RAW264.7巨噬细胞构建泡沫细胞模型,制备不同剂量浓度的黄连解毒汤含药血清,并将其作用于泡沫细胞。油红O染色鉴定细胞泡沫化程度;ELISA检测IL-1β、IL-6含量;荧光定量PCR及Western blot测定TLR7/MyD88/NF-κB通路相关mRNA及蛋白表达水平。结果:油红O染色显示ox-LDL诱导后细胞内可见红色颗粒状物明显,提示泡沫细胞模型制备成功。ELISA结果显示,与正常组比较,ox-LDL干预的模型组培养上清IL-1β、IL-6浓度升高;黄连解毒汤干预后细胞IL-1β、IL-6浓度降低(P<0.05,P<0.01);荧光定量PCR及Western blot结果显示,与模型组相比较,黄连解毒汤干预组TLR7、MyD88、NF-κB mRNA及蛋白表达降低(P<0.05,P<0.01)。结论:黄连解毒汤可通过调节TLR7/MyD88/NF-κB通路抑制ox-LDL干预的RAW264.7源性泡沫细胞炎症反应,这可能是黄连解毒汤抗AS的分子机制之一。

铁皮石斛药理作用研究进展

铁皮石斛作为胃肠道疾病的常用药物,具有改变胃肠黏膜结构、抑制炎症及溃疡反应、促进胃液分泌和提高消化酶活性、增强胃肠运动促排便、调节肠道菌群等作用,且同时可作为食品服用,符合慢性消化性疾病治疗及调护要求,在改善胃肠道功能、预防和治疗消化系统疾病方面有其独特优势。但铁皮石斛的药理作用研究目前主要集中在免疫调节、抗肿瘤、降血糖、降血脂、降血压等方面。由于相关技术条件等因素限制,铁皮石斛对胃肠道疾病的研究尚处于初级阶段,有待进一步深入。

黄连解毒汤含药血清对泡沫细胞ABCA1表达与胆固醇含量的影响

目的:观察黄连解毒汤含药血清对泡沫细胞中三磷酸腺苷结合盒转运体A1(ABCA1)表达及胆固醇含量的影响,探讨黄连解毒汤抗动脉粥样硬化的可能作用机制。方法:SD大鼠给予大、中、小剂量黄连解毒汤灌胃后制备含药血清。用氧化低密度脂蛋白(ox-LDL)诱导RAW264.7巨噬细胞分化为泡沫细胞,将细胞分为空白组、模型组、黄连解毒汤含药血清大剂量组、中剂量组、小剂量组,每组1.5×10^6个细胞,分别加入无血清培养液和不同浓度含药血清干预24 h,总胆固醇及游离胆固醇试剂盒检测细胞中胆固醇含量,实时荧光定量PCR检测细胞ABCA1 mRNA的表达。结果:与模型组比较,黄连解毒汤含药血清各剂量组泡沫细胞内总胆固醇(TC)含量明显降低(P<0.05或P<0.01),大剂量组游离胆固醇(FC)含量显著下降(P<0.01);含药血清各剂量组ABCA1 mRNA表达均明显升高(P<0.05)。结论:黄连解毒汤上调泡沫细胞ABCA1的转录与表达,促进胆固醇流出,可能是其抗动脉粥样硬化的机制之一。

防治冠心病药食同源类中药配伍研究

目的:分析近十年来药食同源类中药防治冠心病的应用及配伍规律。方法:检索中医临床诊疗文献数据库、中国知网,筛选2009-2018年治疗冠心病的临床文献,运用频数统计和关联规则分析的Apriori算法分析防治冠心病的中药及药食同源类中药性味归经、高频药对及其配伍规律。结果:共纳入83篇临床文献,103首方剂,122味中药。临床治疗冠心病最常用的5味中药为丹参、黄芪、川芎、红花、瓜蒌;最常用的5味药食同源类中药为甘草、当归、桃仁、人参、薤白、桔梗。结论:防治冠心病的药食同源类中药以补气活血养血类中药为主,药性平和。

Thermally induced band hybridization in bilayer-bilayer MoS2/WS2 heterostructure

Transition metal dichalcogenides(TMDs),being valley selectively,are an ideal system hosting excitons.Stacking TMDs together to form heterostructure offers an exciting platform to engineer new optical and electronic properties in solid-state systems.However,due to the limited accuracy and repetitiveness of sample preparation,the effects of interlayer coupling on the electronic and excitonic properties have not been systematically investigated.In this report,we study the photoluminescence spectra of bilayer-bilayer MoS_(2)/WS_(2) heterostructure with a typeⅡband alignment.We demonstrate that thermal annealing can increase interlayer coupling in the van der Waals heterostructures,and after thermally induced band hybridization such heterostructure behaves more like an artificial new solid,rather than just the combination of two individual TMD components.We also carry out experimental and theoretical studies of the electric controllable direct and indirect infrared interlayer excitons in such system.Our study reveals the impact of interlayer coupling on interlayer excitons and will shed light on the understanding and engineering of layer-controlled spin-valley configuration in twisted van der Waals heterostructures.

Low lattice thermal conductivity and high figure of merit in p-type doped K3IO

Based on first-principles calculations, Boltzmann transport equation and semiclassical analysis, we conduct a detailed study on the lattice thermal conductivity κL, Seebeck coefficient S, electrical conductivity σ, power factor S2σ and dimensionless figure of merit, zT, for K3IO. It is found that K3IO exhibits relatively low lattice thermal conductivity of 0.93 W·m-1·K-1 at 300 K, which is lower than the value 1.26 W·m-1·K-1 of the classical TE material PbTe. This is due to the smaller phonon group velocity νg and smaller relaxation time τλ. The low lattice thermal conductivity can lead to excellent thermoelectric properties. Thus maximum zT of 2.87 is obtained at 700 K, and the zT = 0.41 at 300 K indicate that K3IO is a potential excellent room temperature TE material. Our research on K3IO shows that it has excellent thermoelectric properties, and it is a promising candidate for applications in fields in terms of thermoelectricity.

Water contact angles on charged surfaces in aerosols

Interactions between water and solid substrates are of fundamental importance to various processes in nature and industry.Electric control is widely used to modify interfacial water,where the influence of surface charges is inevitable.Here we obtain positively and negatively charged surfaces using Li Ta O_(3) crystals and observe that a large net surface charge up to 0.1 C/m;can nominally change the contact angles of pure water droplets comparing to the same uncharged surface.However,even a small amount of surface charge can efficiently increase the water contact angle in the presence of aerosols.Our results indicate that such surface charges can hardly affect the structure of interfacial water molecular layers and the morphology of the macroscopic droplet,while adsorption of a small amount of organic contaminants from aerosols with the help of Coulomb attraction can notably decrease the wettability of solid surface.Our results not only provide a fundamental understanding of the interactions between charged surfaces and water,but also help to develop new techniques on electric control of wettability and microfluidics in real aerosol environments.

Screening Promising CsV_(3)Sb_(5)-Like Kagome Materials from Systematic First-Principles Evaluation

The Cs V_(3)Sb_(5) kagome lattice holds the promise for manifesting electron correlation,topology and superconductivity.However,by far only three Cs V_(3)Sb_(5)-like kagome materials have been experimentally spotted.We enlarge this family of materials to 1386 compounds via element species substitution,and the further screening process suggests that 28 promising candidates have superior thermodynamic stability,hence they are highly likely to be synthesizable.Moreover,these compounds possess several unique electronic structures,and can be categorized into five non-magnetic and three magnetic groups accordingly.It is our hope that this work can greatly expand the viable phase space of the Cs V_(3)Sb_(5)-like materials for investigating or tuning the novel quantum phenomena in kagome lattice.

Fermionic Analogue of High Temperature Hawking Radiation in Black Phosphorus

Time-periodic laser driving can create nonequilibrium states not accessible in equilibrium,opening new regimes in materials engineering and topological phase transitions.We report that black phosphorus(BP)exhibits spatially nonuniform topological Floquet-Dirac states under laser illumination,mimicking the"gravity"felt by fermionic quasiparticles in the same way as that for a Schwarzschild black hole(SBH).Quantum tunneling of electrons from a type-ⅡDirac cone(inside BH)to a type-ⅠDirac cone(outside BH)emits an SBH-like Planck radiation spectrum.The Hawking temperature T_H obtained for a fermionic analog of BH in the bilayer BP is approximately 3K,which is several orders of magnitude higher than that in previous works.Our work sheds light on increasing T_H from the perspective of engineering 2D materials by time-periodic light illumination.The predicted SBH-like Hawking radiation,accessible in BP thin films,provides clues to probe analogous astrophysical phenomena in solids.