Zn anode-based electrochromic devices(ZECDs)stand out as a highly promising technology in the upcoming era of multifunctional electronic devices,offering a blend of electrochromic capabilities and energy storage funct...Zn anode-based electrochromic devices(ZECDs)stand out as a highly promising technology in the upcoming era of multifunctional electronic devices,offering a blend of electrochromic capabilities and energy storage functions within a single transparent platform.However,significant challenges persist in achieving efficient patterning,ensuring long-term stability,and fast color-switching kinetics for these devices.In this study,heterogeneous tungsten oxide nanowires(W_(17)O_(47)/Na_(0.1)WO_(3),WNOs)are formulated into inkjet printing ink to assemble patternable ZECDs.The heterogeneous electrode structure of WNO enables a highly capacitive-controlled mechanism that promotes fast electrochromic/electrochemical behavior.Notably,by utilizing a three-dimensional MXene mesh modified substrate,the inkjet-printed ZECDs exhibit a wide optical modulation range of 69.13%,rapid color-changing kinetics(t_(c)=4.1 s,t_(b)=5.4 s),and highly reversible capacities of 70 mAh cm^(-2)over 1000 cycles.This scalable strategy develops the patterned electrodes with a wide optical modulation range and substantial energy storage properties,offering promising prospects for their application in next-generation smart electronics.展开更多
AIM: To review published clinical studies examining the effect of natamycin in the treatment of fungal keratitis.METHODS: We selected the publications in CENTRAL,MEDLINE, EMBASE, CNKI, and CBM. This study systematical...AIM: To review published clinical studies examining the effect of natamycin in the treatment of fungal keratitis.METHODS: We selected the publications in CENTRAL,MEDLINE, EMBASE, CNKI, and CBM. This study systematically reviewed published randomized controlled trials(RCTs) that compared natamycin to other antifungal agents, and conducted feasible Meta-analysis of efficacy results using Revman 5.2 software.RESULTS: We included seven trials which were mainly carried out in developing countries of Asia, with five trials conducted in India, one each in China and Bangladesh. A total of 804 participants were randomized to following comparisons: 2% econazole versus 5%natamycin showed little difference in the effects of treatment of fungal keratitis [RR =0.99, 95% confidence interval(CI), 0.8 to 1.21]; chlorhexidine gluconate versus5% natamycin indicated that the results on healing of the ulcer at 21 d was less conclusive(RR=0.77, 95% CI, 0.55 to 1.08; I2=0%); 1% voriconazole versus 5% natamycin suggested that natamycin treatment appeared to be significantly better outcomes than voriconazole(regression coefficient =-0.18 log MAR; 95% CI,-0.30 to-0.05; P =0.006), especially in Fusarium cases(regression coefficient=-0.41 log MAR; 95% CI,-0.61 to-0.20; P 【0.001);natamycin versus fluconazole showed a significant difference in cure rate(χ2=5.048, P 【0.05) and natamycin group was more effective than fluconazole in average period of therapy(t =7.94, P 【0.01).CONCLUSION: Natamycin was a preferable choice in the treatment of fungal keratitis, especially in the early period of Fusarium cases.展开更多
AIM: To evaluate the expression of dendritic cell-associated C-type lectin-1(dectin-1) in human corneal epithelial(HCE) cells infected by fungus. · METHODS: A total of 20 cases of healthy donor corneas were group...AIM: To evaluate the expression of dendritic cell-associated C-type lectin-1(dectin-1) in human corneal epithelial(HCE) cells infected by fungus. · METHODS: A total of 20 cases of healthy donor corneas were group A,and 20 patients(20 eyes) suffered from fungal keratitis(FK) composed group B. Real-time qPCR and immunohistochemistry were applied to detect dectin-1 expression in corneal epithelium of both groups. HCE cells were cultured with aspergillus fumigatus(AF) antigens in vitro. The expression of dectin-1 mRNA was measured by real-time qPCR at the stimulation of 0,4,8 and 24h separately. Dectin-1 protein was detected by immunocytochemistry at 0 and 24h separately. ·RESULTS: Dectin-1 expressed in corneal epithelium of normal persons and FK patients. Vitro cellular experiment showed that the expression of dectin-1 mRNA in HCE cells began to increase after stimulation of AF antigens at 4h,and dectin-1 protein expression increased after stimulation at 24h. · CONCLUSION: Dectin-1 expressed in corneal epithelium of normal persons. AF antigens stimulation can elevate the expression of dectin-1 in HCE cells in vitro.展开更多
AIM: To investigate the expression of triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1(TREM-1) in the aberrant inflammation within the corneal epithelium at early period of fungal infection.METHODS: A total of 65 Wist...AIM: To investigate the expression of triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1(TREM-1) in the aberrant inflammation within the corneal epithelium at early period of fungal infection.METHODS: A total of 65 Wistar rats were randomly divided into control group, sham group and fungal keratitis(FK) group, in which the cornea was infected by Aspergillus fumigatus(A. fumigatus). After executed randomly at 8, 16, 24, 48 and 72 h after experimental model being established, the severity of keratomycosis in rats was scored visually with the aid of a dissecting microscope and slit lamp. Then corneas in three groups were collected to assess the expression of TREM-1through quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR), immunofluorescence technique and Western blot analysis. The correlation between FK inflammation and expression of TREM-1 was also analyzed.RESULTS: Corneal inflammation scores increased with time after fungal infection(F =49.74, P =0.000). The inflammation scores in FK group were obviously higher than those in sham group on the whole(F =137.78, P =0.000). Levels of TREM-1 in the infected rat corneal epithelium had elevated at 8h and peaked at 48h(P 【0.001,compared with control group). Western blot analysis also showed an obviously elevated TREM-1 level in rat corneal epithelium at 24 h and 48 h after fungal infection.Immunofluorescence technique showed that TREM-1mainly existed in corneal epithelium and infected corneal stoma of rat. TREM-1 protein expression was enhanced after fungal infection. Moreover, severity of FK inflammation was significantly related to TREM-1expression in FK(r =0.942, P =0.000).CONCLUSION: TREM-1 may contribute to amplify theinflammation in the cornea infected with A. fumigatus and play critical roles in the battle against A. fumigatus in the innate immune responses.展开更多
· AIM: To explore the immunomodulatory effects of curdlan on innate immune responses against Aspergillus fumigatus(A. fumigatus) in cultured human corneal epithelial cells(HCECs), and whether C-type lectin recept...· AIM: To explore the immunomodulatory effects of curdlan on innate immune responses against Aspergillus fumigatus(A. fumigatus) in cultured human corneal epithelial cells(HCECs), and whether C-type lectin receptor Dectin-1 mediates the immunomodulatory effects of curdlan.·METHODS: The HCECs were stimulated by curdlan in different concentrations(50, 100, 200, 400 μg/m L) for various time. Then HCECs pretreated with or without laminarin(Dectin-1 blocker, 0.3 mg/m L) and curdlan were stimulated by A. fumigatus hyphae. The m RNA and protein production of tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)and interleukin-6(IL-6) were determined by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. The protein level of Dectin-1 was measured by Western blot.· RESULTS: Curdlan stimulated m RNA expression of TNF-α and IL-6 in a dose and time dependent manner in HCECs. Curdlan pretreatment before A. fumigatus hyphae stimulation significantly enhanced the expression of TNF-α and IL-6 at m RNA and protein levels compared with A. fumigatus hyphae stimulation group(P 【0.05).Both curdlan and A. fumigatus hyphae up-regulated Dectin-1 protein expression in HCECs, and Dectin-1expression was elevated to 1.5- to 2-fold by curdlan pretreatment followed hyphae stimulation. The Dectin-1blocker laminarin suppressed the m RNA expression and protein production of TNF-α and IL-6 induced by curdlan and hyphae(P 【0.05).· CONCLUSION: These findings demonstrated that curdlan pretreatment enhanced the inflammatory response induced by A. fumigatus hyphae in HCECs.Dectin-1 is essential for the immunomodulatory effectsof curdlan. Curdlan may have high clinical application values in fungal keratitis treatment.展开更多
Timbre,as one of the essential elements of sound,plays an important role in determining sound properties,whereas its manipulation has been remaining challenging for passive mechanical systems due to the intrinsic disp...Timbre,as one of the essential elements of sound,plays an important role in determining sound properties,whereas its manipulation has been remaining challenging for passive mechanical systems due to the intrinsic dispersion nature of resonances.Here,we present a meta-silencer supporting intensive mode density as well as highly tunable intrinsic loss and offering a fresh pathway for designable timbre in broadband.Strong global coupling is induced by intensive mode density and delicately modulated with the guidance of the theoretical model,which efficiently suppresses the resonance dispersion and provides desirable frequency-selective wave-manipulation capacity for timbre tuning.As proof-of-concept demonstrations for our design concepts,we propose three meta-silencers with the designing targets of high-efficiency broadband sound attenuation,efficiency-controlled sound attenuation and designable timbre,respectively.The proposed meta-silencers all operate in a broadband frequency range from 500 to 3200 Hz and feature deep-subwavelength sizes around 50 mm.Our work opens up a fundamental avenue to manipulate the timbre with passive resonances-controlled acoustic metamaterials and may inspire the development of novel multifunctional devices in noise-control engineering,impedance engineering,and architectural acoustics.展开更多
Metabolic cardiovascular diseases have become a global health concern,and some of their risk factors are linked to several metabolic disorders.They are the leading causes of death in developing countries.Adipose tissu...Metabolic cardiovascular diseases have become a global health concern,and some of their risk factors are linked to several metabolic disorders.They are the leading causes of death in developing countries.Adipose tissues secrete a variety of adipokines that participate in regulating metabolism and various pathophysiological processes.Adiponectin is the most abundant pleiotropic adipokine and can increase insulin sensitivity,improve atherosclerosis,have anti-inflammatory properties,and exert a cardioprotective effect.Low adiponectin con-centrations are correlated with myocardial infarction,coronary atherosclerotic heart disease,hypertrophy,hypertension,and other metabolic cardiovascular dysfunctions.However,the relationship between adiponectin and cardiovascular diseases is complex,and the specific mechanism of action is not fully understood.Our summary and analysis of these issues are ex-pected to contribute to future treatment options.展开更多
基金funding from the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK20210480)the grant from National Innovation Center of Advanced Dyeing&Finishing Technology(2022GCJJ08).
文摘Zn anode-based electrochromic devices(ZECDs)stand out as a highly promising technology in the upcoming era of multifunctional electronic devices,offering a blend of electrochromic capabilities and energy storage functions within a single transparent platform.However,significant challenges persist in achieving efficient patterning,ensuring long-term stability,and fast color-switching kinetics for these devices.In this study,heterogeneous tungsten oxide nanowires(W_(17)O_(47)/Na_(0.1)WO_(3),WNOs)are formulated into inkjet printing ink to assemble patternable ZECDs.The heterogeneous electrode structure of WNO enables a highly capacitive-controlled mechanism that promotes fast electrochromic/electrochemical behavior.Notably,by utilizing a three-dimensional MXene mesh modified substrate,the inkjet-printed ZECDs exhibit a wide optical modulation range of 69.13%,rapid color-changing kinetics(t_(c)=4.1 s,t_(b)=5.4 s),and highly reversible capacities of 70 mAh cm^(-2)over 1000 cycles.This scalable strategy develops the patterned electrodes with a wide optical modulation range and substantial energy storage properties,offering promising prospects for their application in next-generation smart electronics.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.81170825 No.81470609)+2 种基金 Shandong Province Natural Science Foundation (No. ZR2013HQ007 No. ZR2012HZ001) the Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education, 2012 (No.20123706110003)
文摘AIM: To review published clinical studies examining the effect of natamycin in the treatment of fungal keratitis.METHODS: We selected the publications in CENTRAL,MEDLINE, EMBASE, CNKI, and CBM. This study systematically reviewed published randomized controlled trials(RCTs) that compared natamycin to other antifungal agents, and conducted feasible Meta-analysis of efficacy results using Revman 5.2 software.RESULTS: We included seven trials which were mainly carried out in developing countries of Asia, with five trials conducted in India, one each in China and Bangladesh. A total of 804 participants were randomized to following comparisons: 2% econazole versus 5%natamycin showed little difference in the effects of treatment of fungal keratitis [RR =0.99, 95% confidence interval(CI), 0.8 to 1.21]; chlorhexidine gluconate versus5% natamycin indicated that the results on healing of the ulcer at 21 d was less conclusive(RR=0.77, 95% CI, 0.55 to 1.08; I2=0%); 1% voriconazole versus 5% natamycin suggested that natamycin treatment appeared to be significantly better outcomes than voriconazole(regression coefficient =-0.18 log MAR; 95% CI,-0.30 to-0.05; P =0.006), especially in Fusarium cases(regression coefficient=-0.41 log MAR; 95% CI,-0.61 to-0.20; P 【0.001);natamycin versus fluconazole showed a significant difference in cure rate(χ2=5.048, P 【0.05) and natamycin group was more effective than fluconazole in average period of therapy(t =7.94, P 【0.01).CONCLUSION: Natamycin was a preferable choice in the treatment of fungal keratitis, especially in the early period of Fusarium cases.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81170825No.81300730)
文摘AIM: To evaluate the expression of dendritic cell-associated C-type lectin-1(dectin-1) in human corneal epithelial(HCE) cells infected by fungus. · METHODS: A total of 20 cases of healthy donor corneas were group A,and 20 patients(20 eyes) suffered from fungal keratitis(FK) composed group B. Real-time qPCR and immunohistochemistry were applied to detect dectin-1 expression in corneal epithelium of both groups. HCE cells were cultured with aspergillus fumigatus(AF) antigens in vitro. The expression of dectin-1 mRNA was measured by real-time qPCR at the stimulation of 0,4,8 and 24h separately. Dectin-1 protein was detected by immunocytochemistry at 0 and 24h separately. ·RESULTS: Dectin-1 expressed in corneal epithelium of normal persons and FK patients. Vitro cellular experiment showed that the expression of dectin-1 mRNA in HCE cells began to increase after stimulation of AF antigens at 4h,and dectin-1 protein expression increased after stimulation at 24h. · CONCLUSION: Dectin-1 expressed in corneal epithelium of normal persons. AF antigens stimulation can elevate the expression of dectin-1 in HCE cells in vitro.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81170825)
文摘AIM: To investigate the expression of triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1(TREM-1) in the aberrant inflammation within the corneal epithelium at early period of fungal infection.METHODS: A total of 65 Wistar rats were randomly divided into control group, sham group and fungal keratitis(FK) group, in which the cornea was infected by Aspergillus fumigatus(A. fumigatus). After executed randomly at 8, 16, 24, 48 and 72 h after experimental model being established, the severity of keratomycosis in rats was scored visually with the aid of a dissecting microscope and slit lamp. Then corneas in three groups were collected to assess the expression of TREM-1through quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR), immunofluorescence technique and Western blot analysis. The correlation between FK inflammation and expression of TREM-1 was also analyzed.RESULTS: Corneal inflammation scores increased with time after fungal infection(F =49.74, P =0.000). The inflammation scores in FK group were obviously higher than those in sham group on the whole(F =137.78, P =0.000). Levels of TREM-1 in the infected rat corneal epithelium had elevated at 8h and peaked at 48h(P 【0.001,compared with control group). Western blot analysis also showed an obviously elevated TREM-1 level in rat corneal epithelium at 24 h and 48 h after fungal infection.Immunofluorescence technique showed that TREM-1mainly existed in corneal epithelium and infected corneal stoma of rat. TREM-1 protein expression was enhanced after fungal infection. Moreover, severity of FK inflammation was significantly related to TREM-1expression in FK(r =0.942, P =0.000).CONCLUSION: TREM-1 may contribute to amplify theinflammation in the cornea infected with A. fumigatus and play critical roles in the battle against A. fumigatus in the innate immune responses.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81170825No.81470609)+2 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(No.ZR2013HQ007No.ZR2012HZ001)the Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education,2012(No.20123706110003)
文摘· AIM: To explore the immunomodulatory effects of curdlan on innate immune responses against Aspergillus fumigatus(A. fumigatus) in cultured human corneal epithelial cells(HCECs), and whether C-type lectin receptor Dectin-1 mediates the immunomodulatory effects of curdlan.·METHODS: The HCECs were stimulated by curdlan in different concentrations(50, 100, 200, 400 μg/m L) for various time. Then HCECs pretreated with or without laminarin(Dectin-1 blocker, 0.3 mg/m L) and curdlan were stimulated by A. fumigatus hyphae. The m RNA and protein production of tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)and interleukin-6(IL-6) were determined by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. The protein level of Dectin-1 was measured by Western blot.· RESULTS: Curdlan stimulated m RNA expression of TNF-α and IL-6 in a dose and time dependent manner in HCECs. Curdlan pretreatment before A. fumigatus hyphae stimulation significantly enhanced the expression of TNF-α and IL-6 at m RNA and protein levels compared with A. fumigatus hyphae stimulation group(P 【0.05).Both curdlan and A. fumigatus hyphae up-regulated Dectin-1 protein expression in HCECs, and Dectin-1expression was elevated to 1.5- to 2-fold by curdlan pretreatment followed hyphae stimulation. The Dectin-1blocker laminarin suppressed the m RNA expression and protein production of TNF-α and IL-6 induced by curdlan and hyphae(P 【0.05).· CONCLUSION: These findings demonstrated that curdlan pretreatment enhanced the inflammatory response induced by A. fumigatus hyphae in HCECs.Dectin-1 is essential for the immunomodulatory effectsof curdlan. Curdlan may have high clinical application values in fungal keratitis treatment.
文摘Timbre,as one of the essential elements of sound,plays an important role in determining sound properties,whereas its manipulation has been remaining challenging for passive mechanical systems due to the intrinsic dispersion nature of resonances.Here,we present a meta-silencer supporting intensive mode density as well as highly tunable intrinsic loss and offering a fresh pathway for designable timbre in broadband.Strong global coupling is induced by intensive mode density and delicately modulated with the guidance of the theoretical model,which efficiently suppresses the resonance dispersion and provides desirable frequency-selective wave-manipulation capacity for timbre tuning.As proof-of-concept demonstrations for our design concepts,we propose three meta-silencers with the designing targets of high-efficiency broadband sound attenuation,efficiency-controlled sound attenuation and designable timbre,respectively.The proposed meta-silencers all operate in a broadband frequency range from 500 to 3200 Hz and feature deep-subwavelength sizes around 50 mm.Our work opens up a fundamental avenue to manipulate the timbre with passive resonances-controlled acoustic metamaterials and may inspire the development of novel multifunctional devices in noise-control engineering,impedance engineering,and architectural acoustics.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82000792)General Project of Chongqing Natural Science Foundation(China)(No.cstc2020jcyj-msxm0409)+2 种基金Chongqing Science and Technology Bureau and Health Commission of Chinese Medicine Technology Innovation and Application Development Project(China)(No.2020ZY013540)General Project of Graduate Education and Teaching Reform of Chongqing University,Chongqing,China(No.cquyjg20329)Science and Health Joint Project of Dazu District Science and Technology Bureau(China)(No.DZKJ,2022CCC1001).
文摘Metabolic cardiovascular diseases have become a global health concern,and some of their risk factors are linked to several metabolic disorders.They are the leading causes of death in developing countries.Adipose tissues secrete a variety of adipokines that participate in regulating metabolism and various pathophysiological processes.Adiponectin is the most abundant pleiotropic adipokine and can increase insulin sensitivity,improve atherosclerosis,have anti-inflammatory properties,and exert a cardioprotective effect.Low adiponectin con-centrations are correlated with myocardial infarction,coronary atherosclerotic heart disease,hypertrophy,hypertension,and other metabolic cardiovascular dysfunctions.However,the relationship between adiponectin and cardiovascular diseases is complex,and the specific mechanism of action is not fully understood.Our summary and analysis of these issues are ex-pected to contribute to future treatment options.