Effects of surgical treatment modalities on postoperative cognitive function and delirium in elderly patients with extremely unstable hip fractures

BACKGROUND As the perioperative risk of elderly patients with extremely unstable hip fractures(EUHFs)is relatively high and therapeutic effect is not satisfactory,new therapeutic strategies need to be proposed urgently to improve the efficacy and clinical outcomes of such patients.AIM To determine the influence of two surgical treatment modalities on postoperative cognitive function(CF)and delirium in elderly patients with EUHFs.METHODS A total of 60 elderly patients consecutively diagnosed with EUHF between September 2020 and January 2022 in the Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital were included.Of them,30 patients received conventional treatment(control group;general consultation+fracture type-guided internal fixation),and the other 30 received novel treatment(research group;perioperative multidisciplinary treatment diagnosis and treatment+individualized surgical plan+risk prediction).Information on hip function[Harris hip score(HHS)],perioperative risk of orthopedic surgery[Physiological and Operative Severity Score for the Enumeration of Mortality and Morbidity(POSSUM)],CF[Montreal cognitive assessment scale(MoCA)],postoperative delirium[mini-cognitive(Mini-Cog)],adverse events(AEs;internal fixation failure,infection,nonunion,malunion,and postoperative delirium),and clinical indicators[operation time(OT),postoperative hospital length of stay(HLOS),ambulation time,and intraoperative blood loss(IBL)]were collected from both groups for comparative analyses.RESULTS The HHS scores were similar between both groups.The POSSUM score at 6 mo after surgery was significantly lower in the research group compared with the control group,and MoCA and Mini-Cog scores were statistically higher.In addition,the overall postoperative complication rate was significantly lower in the research than in the control group,including reduced OT,postoperative HLOS,ambulation time,and IBL.CONCLUSION The new treatment modality has more clinical advantages over the conventional treatment,such as less IBL,faster functional recovery,more effectively optimized perioperative quality control,improved postoperative CF,mitigated postoperative delirium,and reduced operation-related AEs.

TM9SF1 promotes bladder cancer cell growth and infiltration

BACKGROUND Bladder cancer(BC)is the most common urological tumor.It has a high recur-rence rate,displays tutor heterogeneity,and resists chemotherapy.Furthermore,the long-term survival rate of BC patients has remained unchanged for decades,which seriously affects the quality of patient survival.To improve the survival rate and prognosis of BC patients,it is necessary to explore the molecular mechanisms of BC development and progression and identify targets for treatment and intervention.Transmembrane 9 superfamily member 1(TM9SF1),also known as MP70 and HMP70,is a member of a family of nine transmembrane superfamily proteins,which was first identified in 1997.TM9SF1 can be expressed in BC,but its biological function and mechanism in BC are not clear.AIM To investigate the biological function and mechanism of TM9SF1 in BC.Overexpression of TM9SF1 increased the in vitro proliferation,migration,and invasion of BC cells by promoting the entry of BC cells into the G2/M phase.Silencing of TM9SF1 inhibited in vitro proliferation,migration,and invasion of BC cells and blocked BC cells in the G1 phase.CONCLUSION TM9SF1 may be an oncogene in BC.

What should be the future direction of development in the field of prostate cancer with lung metastasis?

BACKGROUND Since the start of the 21st century,prostate cancer with lung metastasis(PCLM)has accumulated significant scientific research output.However,a systematic knowledge framework for PCLM is still lacking.AIM To reconstruct the global knowledge system in the field of PCLM,sort out hot research directions,and provide reference for the clinical and mechanism research of PCLM.METHODS We retrieved 280 high-quality papers from the Web of Science Core Collection and conducted a bibliometric analysis of keywords,publication volume,and citation frequency.Additionally,we selected differentially expressed genes from global high-throughput datasets and performed enrichment analysis and proteinprotein interaction analysis to further summarize and explore the mechanisms of PCLM.RESULTS PCLM has received extensive attention over the past 22 years,but there is an uneven spatial distribution in PCLM research.In the clinical aspect,the treatment of PCLM is mainly based on chemotherapy and immunotherapy,while diagnosis relies on methods such as prostate-specific membrane antigen positron emission tomography/computed tomography.In the basic research aspect,the focus is on cell adhesion molecules and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3,among others.Traditional treatments,such as chemotherapy,remain the mainstay of PCLM treatment,while novel approaches such as immunotherapy have limited effectiveness in PCLM.This study reveals for the first time that pathways related to coronavirus disease 2019,cytokinecytokine receptor interaction,and ribosome are closely associated with PCLM.CONCLUSION Future research should focus on exploring and enhancing mechanisms such as cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction and ribosome and improve existing mechanisms like cadherin binding and cell adhesion molecules.

低氧暴露时间的选择与海拔落差对高原肺动脉高压大鼠模型复制的影响

目的探讨来源于不同海拔大鼠在4300~5000 m高原现场或低压氧舱复制高原肺动脉高压大鼠模型时,低氧暴露时间与海拔落差对两种模型复制的影响。方法采用低压氧舱和高原现场两种模型复制方式。选取西安、成都、兰州、北京不同海拔来源SD大鼠,根据低氧暴露时间不同分别分为第1天组、第3天组、第7天组、第15天组、第21天组和第30天组。模型复制时采用常温和低温,比较低氧暴露时间不同组不同温度下大鼠的肺动脉压;模型复制时海拔不同,比较低氧暴露时间不同组不同海拔大鼠的肺动脉压;采用Peason法分析大鼠来源地海拔和模型复制时海拔的高度落差与肺动脉增幅的相关性。结果同一海拔低氧暴露不同时间组西安SD大鼠高原现场模型的肺动脉压比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),随着低氧暴露时间的延长,大鼠肺动脉压逐渐升高。低氧暴露不同时间组西安SD大鼠低压氧舱模型同一温度下的肺动脉压比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。同样6~12℃低温下和常温下,低氧暴露同一时间组西安SD大鼠高原现场和低压氧舱模型的肺动脉压比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。低氧暴露第1天组、第7天组、第15天组、第30天组不同海拔来源大鼠4500 m高原现场模型的肺动脉压比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),来源地海拔较低大鼠的肺动脉压高于来源地海拔较高的大鼠;低氧暴露30 d后,15只西安SD大鼠肺动脉压≥30 mmHg,模型复制成功率为100%;17只成都SD大鼠肺动脉压≥30 mmHg,模型复制成功率为100%;10只兰州SD大鼠中只有8只达到要求,模型复制成功率为80%。低氧暴露不同时间组不同海拔来源大鼠5000 m低压氧舱模型的肺动脉压比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);低氧暴露21 d后,10只北京SD大鼠肺动脉压≥30 mmHg,模型复制成功率为100%;低氧暴露30 d后,10只西安SD大鼠肺动脉压≥30 mmHg,模型复制成功率为100%;低氧暴露30 d后,10只兰州SD大鼠中只有8只达到要求,模型复制成功率为80%。大鼠来源地海拔和模型复制时低氧暴露地海拔之间的海拔落差与肺动脉压升高幅度(增幅)呈正相关(r=0.875,P=0.000)。结论高原现场模型或低压氧舱模型复制的成功率与大鼠的来源地海拔和暴露低氧时间密切相关,在同一海拔进行模型复制时,大鼠来源地海拔越低,其暴露低氧所需时间就越短,反之就越长。而温度并不影响高原肺动脉高压模型的复制。

Laser-rewritable room temperature phosphorescence based on in-situ polymerized tartaric acid

Organic room temperature phosphorescence(RTP)materials have potential applications in information technology and bioimaging.However,the precise control of the afterglow in reversible manners remains challenging for organic matters.Here,we report a kind of organic RTP material fabricated by simple heating mixtures of tartaric acid(TA)and aromatic acids,which can switch their phosphorescence by laser.Those mixtures show tunable phosphorescence from indigo to orange with phosphorescence efficiency of up to 53.99% due to locking different organic luminogens by the TA-formed matrix through the noncovalent interactions.The afterglow of those materials lasts a few seconds and disappears by water fumigation,which can be repeated in response to wet/heat stimuli.With drop-casting those materials on glass slides,a laser-repatternable phosphorescence is achieved by facile laser direct writing and quenched by water cyclically.Those results open the opportunity for the design of smart stimuli-responsive phosphorescence materials from sustainable natural products.