Small but mighty:Empowering sodium/potassium-ion battery performance with S-doped SnO_(2) quantum dots embedded in N,S codoped carbon fiber network

SnO_(2) has been extensively investigated as an anode material for sodium-ion batteries(SIBs)and potassium-ion batteries(PIBs)due to its high Na/K storage capacity,high abundance,and low toxicity.However,the sluggish reaction kinetics,low electronic conductivity,and large volume changes during charge and discharge hinder the practical applications of SnO_(2)-based electrodes for SIBs and PIBs.Engineering rational structures with fast charge/ion transfer and robust stability is important to overcoming these challenges.Herein,S-doped SnO_(2)(S-SnO_(2))quantum dots(QDs)(≈3 nm)encapsulated in an N,S codoped carbon fiber networks(S-SnO_(2)-CFN)are rationally fabricated using a sequential freeze-drying,calcination,and S-doping strategy.Experimental analysis and density functional theory calculations reveal that the integration of S-SnO_(2) QDs with N,S codoped carbon fiber network remarkably decreases the adsorption energies of Na/K atoms in the interlayer of SnO_(2)-CFN,and the S doping can increase the conductivity of SnO_(2),thereby enhancing the ion transfer kinetics.The synergistic interaction between S-SnO_(2) QDs and N,S codoped carbon fiber network results in a composite with fast Na+/K+storage and extraordinary long-term cyclability.Specifically,the S-SnO_(2)-CFN delivers high rate capacities of 141.0 mAh g^(−1) at 20 A g^(−1) in SIBs and 102.8 mAh g^(−1) at 10 A g^(−1) in PIBs.Impressively,it delivers ultra-stable sodium storage up to 10,000 cycles at 5 A g^(−1) and potassium storage up to 5000 cycles at 2 A g^(−1).This study provides insights into constructing metal oxide-based carbon fiber network structures for high-performance electrochemical energy storage and conversion devices.

Tea plant (Camellia sinensis) lipid metabolism pathway modulated by tea field microbe (Colletotrichum camelliae) to promote disease

Tea is one of the most popular healthy and non-alcoholic beverages worldwide.Tea anthracnose is a disease in tea mature leaves and ultimately affects yield and quality.Colletotrichum camelliae is a dominant fungal pathogen in the tea field that infects tea plants in China.The pathogenic factors of fungus and the susceptible factors in the tea plant are not known.In this work,we performed molecular and genetic studies to observe a cerato-platanin protein CcCp1 from C.camelliae,which played a key role in fungal pathogenicity.CcCp1 mutants lost fungal virulence and reduced the ability to produce conidia.Transcriptome and metabolome were then performed and analysed in tea-susceptible and tea-resistant cultivars,Longjing 43 and Zhongcha 108,upon C.camelliae wild-type CCA andCcCp1 infection,respectively.The differentially expressed genes and the differentially accumulated metabolites in tea plants were clearly overrepresented such as linolenic acid and linoleic acid metabolism,glycerophospholipid metabolism,phenylalanine biosynthesis and metabolism,biosynthesis of f lavonoid,f lavone and f lavonol etc.In particular,the accumulation of jasmonic acid was significantly increased in the susceptible cultivar Longjing 43 upon CCA infection,in the fungal CcCp1 protein dependent manner,suggesting the compound involved in regulating fungal infection.In addition,other metabolites in the glycerophospholipid and phenylalanine pathway were observed in the resistant cultivar Zhongcha 108 upon fungal treatment,suggesting their potential role in defense response.Taken together,this work indicated C.camelliae CcCp1 affected the tea plant lipid metabolism pathway to promote disease while the lost function of CcCp1 mutants altered the fungal virulence and plant response.

Effects of modified pulmonary rehabilitation on patients with moderate to severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease:A randomized controlled trail

Objectives:This study aimed to assess the effects of modified pulmonary rehabilitation(PR)on patients with moderate to severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD).Methods:A total of 125 patients(63 in the PR group and 62 in the control group)were recruited in this study.The patients in the PR group received 12 weeks of conventional treatment,nursing,and modified pulmonary rehabilitation,while the patients in the control group underwent 12 weeks of conventional treatment,nursing,pursed-lip breathing training,and abdominal breathing training.Baseline characteristics,St.George's Respiratory Questionnaire(SGRQ),the six-minute walk test(6MWT),modified medical research council(MMRC)dyspnea scale,and lung function were compared between the two groups.Results:A total of 112 patients(58 patients in the PR group and 54 patients in the control group)completed the 12-week monitoring and follow-up.The SGRQ scores,symptoms(54.933±11.900),activity(52.644±14.334),impact(55.400±9.905),and total score(54.655±10.681)of the PR group did not significantly differ in pre-and post-treatments(P<0.05).No significant change was also observed in the control group(P>0.05).6MWT[(372.089±67.149)m]was significantly improved in the PR group(P<0.05)but was not significantly different in the control group(P>0.05).MMRC(actual rank sum 1719,rank sum 2047.5)was significantly reduced in the PR group(P<0.05)but not in the control group(P>0.05).The lung function(FVC,FEV1,FEV1/FVC,FEV1%and PEF)of the patients in both groups did not significantly change(P>0.05).Conclusion:Modified PR reduces the symptoms of dyspnea,increases exercise capacity,and improves the quality of life of patients with moderate to severe COPD.

Retraction notice to"Effects of modified pulmonary rehabilitation on patients with moderate to severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A randomized controlled trail" [IJNSS Volume 4, Issue 3, 10 July 2017, Pages 219e224]

This article has been retracted:please see Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal(https://www.elsevier.com/about/our-business/policies/article-withdrawal).This article has been retracted at the request of Editorial Office and Authors.The article duplicates significant parts of a paper that had already appeared in[Nurs J Chin PLA,2017,34(8):22e26,68.http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTotal-JFHL201708006.htm],written in Chinese.One of the conditions of submission of a paper for publication is that authors declare explicitly that the paper has not been previously published and is not under consideration for publication elsewhere.Re-use of any data should be appropriately cited.Apologies are offered to readers of the journal that this was not detected during the submission process.

Scalable synthesis of sub-lO0 nm hollow carbon nanospheres for energy storage applications

Sub-100 nm hollow carbon nanospheres with thin shells are highly desirable anode materials for energy storage applications. However, their synthesis remains a great challenge with conventional strategies. In this work, we demonstrate that hollow carbon nanospheres of unprecedentedly small sizes （down to - 32.5 nm and with thickness of - 3.9 nm） can be produced on a large scale by a templating process in a unique reverse micelle system. Reverse micelles enable a spatially confined Stober process that produces uniform silica nanospheres with significantly reduced sizes compared with those from a conventional Stober process, and a subsequent well-controlled sol-gel coating process with a resorcinol-formaldehyde resin on these silica nanospheres as a precursor of the hollow carbon nanospheres. Owing to the short diffusion length resulting from their hollow structure, as well as their small size and microporosity, these hollow carbon nanospheres show excellent capacity and cycling stability when used as anode materials for lithium/sodium-ion batteries.

Fabrication pressures and stack pressures in solid-state battery

Solid-state batteries(SSBs)have received widespread attention with their high safety and high energy density characteristics.However,solid-solid contacts in the internal electrode material and the electrode material/solid electrolyte(SE)interfaces,as well as the severe electrochemo-mechanical effects caused by the internal stress due to the volume change of the active material,these problems hinder ion/electron transport within the SSBs,which significantly deteriorates the electrochemical performance.Applying fabrication pressures and stack pressures are effective measures to improve solid-solid contact and solve electrochemo-mechanical problems.Herein,the influences of different pressures on cathode material,anode material,SEs,and electrode/SEs interface are briefly summarized from the perspective of interface ion diffusion,transmission of electrons and ions in internal particles,current density and ion diffusion kinetics,and the volume changes of Li^(+) stripping/plating based on two physical contact models,and point out the direction for the future research direction of SSBs and advancing industrialization by building the relationship between pressures and SSBs electrochemistry.