Chinese expert consensus on the non-invasive imaging examination pathways of stable coronary artery disease

1 Introduction Early detection and diagnosis of stable coronary artery disease （SCAD） is essential for proactive secondary prevention of myocardial infarction （MI）, control of disease progress, and reduction of mortality. Clinical decision-making in modem medicine is increasingly dependent on cardiovascular imaging techniques. 2012 ACCF/AHA/ACP/AATS/ PCNA/SCAI/STS guideline for the diagnosis and management of patients with stable ischemic heart disease has been issued by American Heart Association （AHA）. European Society of Cardiology （ESC） has issued 2013 ESC guidelines on the management of stable coronary artery disease.

Study on enzymatic extraction process of polysaccharide from Urena lobata L. and investigation on its antioxidant activity

OBJECTIVE This study aimed to optimize polysaccharides extraction from Urena lobata L.and investigate its antioxidant activity.METHODS The mathematical model was established by re.sponse surface method(RSM) based on the results of single factor experiments,using polysaccha.rides extraction rate as response value,and using the ratio of water to material,cellulase concentra.tion,extraction temperature and time as experimental factors,which was used to screen optimum poly.saccharide extraction conditions from Urena lobata L..Antioxidant activity of polysaccharides was stud.ied by DPPH and ·OH free radical elimination method.RESULTS The optimum conditions obtained by RSM were as follows:the cellulase level was 10.8 g·L^(-1),extraction time duration was 72 min,the ra.tio of water to feedstock was 7 mL·g^(-1),extraction temperature was 43℃,the pH value was 5.0.Under the optimal conditions,there was a difference of less than 5% between predicted extraction rate 13.37% and experimental extraction rate 13.32%.The polysaccharide yield was most significantly af.fected by cellulase concentration,followed by extraction time,water to material ratio and extraction tem.perature.IC50 of DPPH and ·OH were 1.082 g·L^(-1) and 3.202 mg·L^(-1),respectively.Antioxidant activity of sample polysaccharides was weaker than those of vitamin C.CONCLUSION The polysaccharide extraction process from Urena lobata L.by cellulase enzymolysis approach was obtained,which was convenient and feasible,and extracted polysaccharides had good free radical scavenging activity.

Up-conversion luminescence tuning in Er^3+ -doped ceramic glass by femtosecond laser pulse at different laser powers

The up-conversion luminescence tuning of rare-earth ions is an important research topic for understanding luminescence mechanisms and promoting related applications. In this paper, we experimentally study the up-conversion luminescence tuning of Er3+-doped ceramic glass excited by the unshaped, V-shaped and cosine-shaped femtosecond laser field with different laser powers. The results show that green and red up-conversion luminescence can be effectively tuned by varying the power or spectral phase of the femtosecond laser field. We further analyze the up-conversion luminescence tuning mechanism by considering different excitation processes, including single-photon absorption(SPA), two-photon absorption(TPA), excited state absorption(ESA), and energy transfer up-conversion(ETU). The relative weight of TPA in the whole excitation process can increase with the increase of the laser power, thereby enhancing the intensity ratio between green and red luminescence(I547/I656). However, the second ETU(ETU2) process can generate red luminescence and reduce the green and red luminescence intensity ratio I547/I656, while the third ESA(ESA3) process can produce green luminescence and enhance its control efficiency. Moreover, the up-conversion luminescence tuning mechanism is further validated by observing the up-conversion luminescence intensity, depending on the laser power and the down-conversion luminescence spectrum under the excitation of 400-nm femtosecond laser pulse. These studies can present a clear physical picture that enables us to understand the up-conversion luminescence tuning mechanism in rare-earth ions, and can also provide an opportunity to tune up-conversion luminescence to promote its related applications.

Simulation of Intermediate State Absorption Enhancement in Rare-Earth Ions by Polarization Modulated Femtosecond Laser Field

We extend the third perturbation theory to study the polarization control behavior of the intermediate state absorption in Nd^（3＋）ions. The results show that coherent interference can occur between the single-photon and three-photon excitation pathways, and depends on the central frequency of the femtosecond laser field. Moreover,single-photon and three-photon absorptions have different polarization control efficiencies, and the relative weight of three-photon absorption in the whole excitation processes can increase with increasing the laser intensity.Therefore, the enhancement or suppression of the intermediate state absorption can be realized and manipulated by properly designing the intensity and central frequency of the polarization modulated femtosecond laser field.This research can not only enrich theoretical research methods for the up-conversion luminescence manipulation of rare-earth ions, but also can provide a clear physical picture for understanding and controlling multi-photon absorption in a multiple energy level system.

Efficacy and safety of a parylene-coated occluder for atrial septal defect:a prospective,multi-center,randomized controlled clinical trial

Background:Nitinol-containing devices are widely used in clinical practice.However,there are concerns about nickel release after nitinol-containing device implantation.This study aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of a parylene-coated occluder vs.a traditional nitinol-containing device for atrial septal defect(ASD).Methods:One-hundred-and-eight patients with ASD were prospectively enrolled and randomly assigned to either the trial group to receive a parylene-coated occluder(n=54)or the control group to receive a traditional occluder(n=54).The plugging success rate at 6 months after device implantation and the pre-and post-implantation serum nickel levels were compared between the two groups.A non-inferiority design was used to prove that the therapeutic effect of the parylene-coated device was non-inferior to that of the traditional device.The Cochran–Mantel–Haenszel chi-squared test with adjustment for central effects was used for the comparison between groups.Results:At 6 months after implantation,successful ASD closure was achieved in 52 of 53 patients(98.11%)in both the trial and control groups(95%confidence interval(CI):[4.90,5.16])based on per-protocol set analysis.The absolute value of the lower limit of the 95%CI was 4.90%,which was less than the specified non-inferiority margin of 8%.No deaths or severe complications occurred during 6 months of follow-up.The serum nickel levels were significantly increased at 2 weeks and reached the maximum value at 1 month after implantation in the control group(P<0.05 vs.baseline).In the trial group,there was no significant difference in the serum nickel level before vs.after device implantation(P>0.05).Conclusions:The efficacy of a parylene-coated ASD occluder is non-inferior to that of a traditional uncoated ASD occluder.The parylene-coated occluder prevents nickel release after device implantation and may be an alternative for ASD,especially in patients with a nickel allergy.