Clinicopathologic Characteristics and Survival of Patients with Rare Malignant Ovarian Yolk Sac Tumors:A Population-based Analysis

Yolk sac tumors (YSTs) are rare malignant germ cell tumors that usually affect youngfemales. To date, there have been few studies on YSTs. We evaluated the relationship betweenclinicopathologic characteristics of patients with ovarian YSTs and disease outcome based onSurveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results data. The K aplan-Meier method and log-rank testwere used to evaluate differences in survival rates. Data for 269 patients were analyzed. Theincidence of YSTs among ovarian germ cell tumors (OGCTs) cases was 0.4%;median patient agewas 22.0 years, and most tumors were unilateral. Patients presented with distant metastasis (37.5%),localized disease (49. 1%), and regional spread (8.9%). American Joint Committee on Cancer stagewas available for 13 patients (stage IA, n=2;stage IC, n=1;stage IA, n=1;stage IB, n=3;stageIlC, n=2;and stage IV, n=4). Survival rates at 1, 3, and 5 years were 91.0%, 84.0%, and 83.2%,respectively, for overall survival (OS) and 92.0%, 85.4%, and 84.5%, respectively, for disease-specific survival (DSS). The 5-year OS and DSS of patients with ovary tumors were 91.5% and92.9%, respectively, compared to 74.8% and 77.2%, respectively, for those with extra-ovarianspread (P<0.001 for both OS and DSS). Age >50 years was associated with shorter OS and DSS(both P<0.001), whereas no associatios of OS and DSS were observed with pathologic grade (P=0.49for OS and 0.52 for DSS). In summary, YSTs are typically unilateral, of a high grade, and localizedto the ovary;extra-ovarian spread has a poor outcome, and postmenopausal women have worseprognosis than premenopausal women.

Efficacy of Bispecific Antibody Targeting EpCAM and CD3 for Immunotherapy in Ovarian Cancer Ascites:An Experimental Study

Objective This study aimed to explore the value of M701,targeting epithelial cell adhesion molecule(EpCAM)and CD3,in the immunotherapy of ovarian cancer ascites by the in vitro assay.Methods The expression of EpCAM in ovarian cancer tissues was analyzed by databases.The EpCAM expression and immune cell infiltration in different foci of ovarian cancer were detected by 8-channel flow cytometry.The toxic effect of M701 on OVCAR3 was tested using the in vitro cytotoxicity assay.The 3D cell culture and drug intervention experiments were performed to evaluate the therapeutic effect of M701 in ovarian cancer specimens.Flow cytometry was used to examine the effect of M701 on the binding of immune cells to tumor cells and the activation capacity of T cells.Results The results of the bioinformatic analysis showed that the expression of EpCAM in ovarian cancer tissue was significantly higher than that in normal ovarian tissue.The 8-channel flow cytometry of clinical samples showed that the EpCAM expression and lymphocyte infiltration were significantly heterogeneous among ovarian cancer patients and lesions at different sites.The in vitro experiment results showed that M701 had a significant killing effect on OVCAR3 cells.M701 also obviously killed primary tumor cells derived from some patients with ovarian cancer ascites.M701 could mediate the binding of CD3^(+)T cells to EpCAM^(+)tumor cells and induce T cell activation in a dose-dependent manner.Conclusion M701 showed significant inhibitory activity on tumor cells derived from ovarian cancer ascites,which had a promising application in immunotherapy for patients with ovarian cancer ascites.

Efficacy and Safety of the Chinese Herbal Compound TJAOA101 in Treating Diminished Ovarian Reserve: A Protocol for Multicenter, Prospective, and Pre-Post Study

Objective Diminished ovarian reserve(DOR)can lead to early menopause,poor fecundity,and an increased risk of disorders such as osteoporosis,cardiovascular disease,and cognitive impairment,seriously affecting the physical and mental health of women.There is still no safe and effective strategy or method to combat DOR.We have developed a novel Chinese herbal formula,Tongji anti-ovarian aging 101(TJAOA101),to treat DOR.However,its safety and efficacy need to be further validated.Methods In this prospective and pre-post clinical trial,100 eligible patients aged 18–45 diagnosed with DOR will be recruited.All participants receive TJAOA101 twice a day for 3 months.Then,comparisons before and after treatment will be analyzed,and the outcomes,including anti-mullerian hormone(AMH)and follicle-stimulating hormone(FSH)levels and the antral follicle count(AFC),the recovery rate of menopause,and the Kupperman index(KMI),will be assessed at baseline,every month during medication(the intervention period),and 1,3 months after medication(the follow-up period).Assessments for adverse events will be performed during the intervention and follow-up periods.Conclusion A multicenter,prospective study will be conducted to further confirm the safety and efficacy of TJAOA101 in treating DOR and to provide new therapeutic strategies for improving the quality of life in DOR patients.

Energy band modulation of N-doped rutile/anatase TiO_(2) photoanode promoting charge separation toward prominent photoelectrochemical performance

To solve the problem of high photogenerated carrier recombination rate and low photoelectric conversion efficiency of TiO_(2)-based materials,a simple N-doped anatase/rutile TiO_(2) heterophase nanorod film was designed by a low-temperature hydrothermal method in this work.The enhanced separation and transport of photogenerated charges were facilitated by the smaller contact barrier and appropriate band matching between anatase TiO_(2)nanoparticles and rutile TiO_(2) nanorods.The introduction of N doping in anatase TiO_(2) resulted in an upward shift of the valence band and a narrowing of the band gap,consequently enhancing the efficiency of visible light utilization.The combination of the heterophase junction and N-doping exhibited a synergistic effect,effectively suppressing the recombination of photogenerated charges and enhancing the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the photoanode.Under AM 1.5G irradiation,the photocurrent density(J)of the A-TO(N)@R-TONR photoanode reached2.19 mA·cm^(-2)(V_(RHE,1.23 eV)).Additionally,the incident photon-electron conversion efficiency(IPCE)and the charge injection efficiency(η)reached 81.4%and 51.6%at320 nm.Furthermore,the J,IPCE,andηvalues of the A-TO(N)@R-TONR photoanode were 2.96,2.1 and 3.2times those of pure R-TONR photoanode,respectively.This work presents a rational strategy for designing efficient TiO_(2)-based photoanodes.