Rational construction of heterointerfaces in biomass sugarcane-derived carbon for superior electromagnetic wave absorption

The pervasive adoption of 5th generation mobile communication technology propels electromagnetic wave(EW)absorbents to achieve high-level performance.The heterointerface construction is crucial to the improvement of absorption ability.Herein,a series of ultralight composites with rational heterointerfaces(Co/ZnO@N-doped C/layer-stacked C,MSC)is fabricated by calcination with ration-al construction of sugarcane and CoZn-zeolitic imidazolate framework(ZIF).The components and structures of as-prepared composites were investigated,and their electromagnetic parameters could be adjusted by the content of CoZn-ZIFs.All composites possess excellent EW absorption performance,especially MSC-3.The optimal minimum reflection loss and effective absorption band of MSC-3 can reach−42 dB and 7.28 GHz at the thickness of only 1.6 mm with 20wt%filler loading.This excellent performance is attributed to the syner-gistic effect of dielectric loss stemming from the multiple heterointerfaces and magnetic loss induced by magnetic single Co.The sugar-cane-derived layer-stacked carbon has formed consecutive conductive networks and has further dissipated the electromagnetic energy through multiple reflection and conduction losses.Moreover,the simulated radar cross section(RCS)technology manifests that MSC-3 possesses outstanding EW attenuation capacity under realistic far-field conditions.This study provides a strategy for building efficient ab-sorbents based on biomass.

外泌体在胃癌诊疗中的研究进展

胃癌的发病率和死亡率均较高,早诊早治极为关键,需要更加灵敏的诊断技术与精准的治疗手段,才能在胃癌早期及时发现并将其有效遏制。外泌体是细胞分泌的一种囊泡,其携带多种具有生物活性的小分子,如蛋白质、RNA、DNA等。外泌体可作为细胞间通讯的一种功能介质,传递多种生物信息并介导受体细胞的生物进程。在肿瘤中,外泌体不仅积极参与肿瘤微环境的信息传递,而且具有调节细胞免疫应答的能力。近年来外泌体在肿瘤领域的相关研究取得了一系列进展,其参与胃癌增殖、侵袭、复发和转移、耐药以及新生血管形成等方面的调控。外泌体在胃癌的早期诊断与精准治疗方面具有重要意义,值得深入探索。本文就外泌体在胃癌诊疗中的研究进展进行综述。

Current advances of transition metal dichalcogenides in electromagnetic wave absorption:A brief review

Transition metal dichalcogenides(TMDs)show great advantages in electromagnetic wave(EMW)absorption due to their unique structure and electrical properties.Tremendous research works on TMD-based EMW absorbers have been conducted in the last three years,and the comprehensive and systematical summary is still a rarity.Therefore,it is of great significance to elaborate on the interaction among the morphologies,structures,phases,components,and EMW absorption performances of TMD-based absorbers.This review is devoted to analyzing TMD-based absorbers from the following perspectives:the EMW absorption regulation strategies of TMDs and the latest progress of TMD-based hybrids as EMW absorbers.The absorption mechanisms and component-performance dependency of these achievements are also summarized.Finally,a straightforward insight into industrial revolution upgrading in this promising field is proposed.

Detection and classification of breast lesions using multiple information on contrast-enhanced mammography by a multiprocess deep-learning system: A multicenter study

Objective: Accurate detection and classification of breast lesions in early stage is crucial to timely formulate effective treatments for patients. We aim to develop a fully automatic system to detect and classify breast lesions using multiple contrast-enhanced mammography(CEM) images.Methods: In this study, a total of 1,903 females who underwent CEM examination from three hospitals were enrolled as the training set, internal testing set, pooled external testing set and prospective testing set. Here we developed a CEM-based multiprocess detection and classification system(MDCS) to perform the task of detection and classification of breast lesions. In this system, we introduced an innovative auxiliary feature fusion(AFF)algorithm that could intelligently incorporates multiple types of information from CEM images. The average freeresponse receiver operating characteristic score(AFROC-Score) was presented to validate system’s detection performance, and the performance of classification was evaluated by area under the receiver operating characteristic curve(AUC). Furthermore, we assessed the diagnostic value of MDCS through visual analysis of disputed cases,comparing its performance and efficiency with that of radiologists and exploring whether it could augment radiologists’ performance.Results: On the pooled external and prospective testing sets, MDCS always maintained a high standalone performance, with AFROC-Scores of 0.953 and 0.963 for detection task, and AUCs for classification were 0.909[95% confidence interval(95% CI): 0.822-0.996] and 0.912(95% CI: 0.840-0.985), respectively. It also achieved higher sensitivity than all senior radiologists and higher specificity than all junior radiologists on pooled external and prospective testing sets. Moreover, MDCS performed superior diagnostic efficiency with an average reading time of 5 seconds, compared to the radiologists’ average reading time of 3.2 min. The average performance of all radiologists was also improved to varying degrees with MDCS assistance.Conclusions: MDCS demonstrated excellent performance in the detection and classification of breast lesions,and greatly enhanced the overall performance of radiologists.

Enabling High-Performance Sodium Battery Anodes by Complete Reduction of Graphene Oxide and Cooperative In-Situ Crystallization of Ultrafine SnO_(2)Nanocrystals

The main bottleneck against industrial utilization of sodium ion batteries(SIBs)is the lack of high-capacity electrodes to rival those of the benchmark lithium ion batteries(LIBs).Here in this work,we have developed an economical method for in situ fabrication of nanocomposites made of crystalline few-layer graphene sheets loaded with ultrafine SnO_(2)nanocrystals,using short exposure of microwave to xerogel of graphene oxide(GO)and tin tetrachloride containing minute catalyzing dispersoids of chemically reduced GO(RGO).The resultant nanocomposites(SnO_(2)@MWG)enabled significantly quickened redox processes as SIB anode,which led to remarkable full anode-specific capacity reaching 538 mAh g^(−1)at 0.05 A g^(−1)(about 1.45 times of the theoretical capacity of graphite for the LIB),in addition to outstanding rate performance over prolonged charge–discharge cycling.Anodes based on the optimized SnO_(2)@MWG delivered stable performance over 2000 cycles even at a high current density of 5 A g^(−1),and capacity retention of over 70.4%was maintained at a high areal loading of 3.4 mg cm^(−2),highly desirable for high energy density SIBs to rival the current benchmark LIBs.

Intense low-noise terahertz generation by relativistic laser irradiating near-critical-density plasma

Low-noise terahertz(THz)radiation over 100 MV/cm generation by a linearly-polarized relativistic laser pulse interacting with a near-critical-density(NCD)plasma slab is studied by theory and particle-in-cell(PIC)simulations.A theoretical model is established to examine the dipole-like radiation emission.The THz radiation is attributed to the singlecycle low-frequency surface current,which is longitudinally constrained by the quasi-equilibrium established by the laser ponderomotive force and the ponderomotively induced electrostatic force.Through theoretical analysis,the spatiotemporal characteristics,polarization property of the THz radiation,and the relation between the radiation strength with the initial parameters of driving laser and plasma are obtained,which are in good consistence with the PIC simulation results.Furthermore,it is found by PIC simulations that the generation of thermal electrons can be suppressed within the appropriate parameter regime,resulting in a clear THz radiation waveform.The appropriate parameter region is given for generating a low-noise intense THz radiation with peak strength reaching 100 MV/cm,which could find potential applications in nonlinear THz physics.

Angle robust transmitted plasmonic colors with different surroundings utilizing localized surface plasmon resonance

Color filters in different surroundings inherently suffer from angular sensitivity,which hinders their practical applications.Here,we present an angle-insensitive plasmonic filter that can produce different color responses to different surrounding environments.The color filters are based on a two-dimensional periodically and randomly distributed silver nanodisk array on a silica substrate.The proposed plasmonic color filters not only produce bright colors by altering the diameter of the Ag nanodisk,but also achieve continuous color palettes by changing the surrounding environment.Due to the weak coupling between the metallic nanodisks,the plasmonic color filters can enable good incident angle-insensitive properties(up to 30°).The strategy presented here could exhibit robust and promising applicability in anti-counterfeiting and imaging technologies.

In situ sulfur-doped graphene nanofiber network as efficient metal-free electrocatalyst for polysulfides redox reactions in lithium–sulfur batteries

The major challenge for realistic application of Li-S batteries lies in the great difficulty in breaking through the obstacles of the sluggish kinetics and polysulfides shuttle of the sulfur cathode at high sulfur loading for continuously high sulfur utilization during prolonged charge-discharge cycles.Here we demonstrate that large percentage of sulfur can be effectively incorporated within a three-dimensional(3D)nanofiber network of high quality graphene from chemical vapor deposition(CVD),through a simple ball-milling process.While high quality graphene network provided continuous and durable channels to enable efficient transport of lithium ions and electrons,the in-situ sulfur doping from the alloying effect of ball milling facilitated desirable affinity with entire sulfur species to prevent sulfur loss and highly active sites to propel sulfur redox reactions over cycling.This resulted in remarkable rate-performance and excellent cycling stability,together with large areal capacity at very high sulfur mass loading(Specific capacity over 666 mAh g-1after 300 cycles at 0.5 C,and areal capacity above 5.2 mAh cm-2at 0.2C at sulfur loading of 8.0 mg cm-2 and electrolyte/sulfur(E/S)ratio of 8μL mg-1;and high reversible areal capacities of 13.1 m Ah cm-2 at a sulfur load of 15 mg cm-2 and E/S of 5μL mg-1).

Confining sulfur in intact freestanding scaffold of yolk-shell nanofibers with high sulfur content for lithium-sulfur batteries

Nanostructure design holds great potential in fabricating sulfur electrodes that host a high sulfur loading and still attain high electrochemical utilization for the developing of high-energy-density lithium-sulfur(Li-S) batteries. In this contribution, we introduce the yolk-shell structure into a freestanding carbon nanofibers film and construct a complete hollow yolk-shell Ti O2/carbon nanofibers@void@TiN@carbon(TiO2-CNFs@void@Ti N@C) composite. With inherent double conductive network and strong adsorption capability for polysulfides, the Ti O2-CNFs@void@Ti N@C composite can not only provide sufficient electrical contact for the insulating sulfur, but also effectively entrap polysulfides for prolonged cycle life. As a result, an excellent capacity retention ratio of 60.9% after 1000 cycles at 1 C as well as a high capacity of688.5 mA h g^(-1) at 5 C rate is accomplished with the cells employing Ti O2-CNFs@void@TiN @C as a cathode substrate for sulfur. Moreover, the TiO2-CNFs@void@Ti N@C composite, with a high S mass loading of9.5 mg cm^(-2), delivers a superb areal capacity of 8.2 mAh cm^(-2).

Recent Advances in Effective Reduction of Graphene Oxide for Highly Improved Performance Toward Electrochemical Energy Storage

The demand for high-quality graphene from various applications promotes the exploration of various synthesis methods such as chemical vapor deposition,chemical reduction of graphite oxide,liquid-phase exfoliation,and electrochemical exfoliation.Among those,chemical treatments for the production of reduced graphene oxide(RGO)dictate the current technologies for mass production of graphene powder.However,such conventional chemical reduction methods are rather ineffective in removing oxygen-containing functional groups from graphene oxide(GO),with resultant RGO products containing high level of structural defects.This leads to significantly damaged crystallinity and drastically lowered electric and thermal conductivity,which is probably the main bottleneck to limit the performance of RGO-based materials.Great efforts such as thermal reduction,microwave-irradiation reduction,or other novel reduction methods(e.g.,photoreduction)have been developed to repair defects in RGO materials.This perspective review is to outline the latest advances toward effective reduction of GO for significantly enhanced properties.We demonstrate that effectively repaired RGO with large specific surface area and highly improved crystallinity is key to highly improved electric and thermal conductivity,thus leading to significantly enhanced properties essential for chemical energy storage devices.

Genomic variants of genes associated with three horticultural traits in apple revealed by genome re-sequencing

The apple(Malus×domestica Borkh.)cultivar‘Su Shuai’exhibits greater disease resistance,shorter internodes and lighter fruit flavor compared with its parents‘Golden Delicious’and‘Indo’.To obtain a comprehensive overview of the sequence variation in these three horticultural traits,the genomes of‘Su Shuai’and‘Indo’were resequenced using next-generation sequencing and compared to the genome of‘Golden Delicious’.A wide range of genetic variations were detected,including 2454406 and 18749349 single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP)and 59547 and 50143 structural variants(SVs)in the‘Indo’and‘Su Shuai’genomes,respectively.Among the SVs in‘Su Shuai’,17 genes related to disease resistance,10 genes related to Gibberellin(GA)and 19 genes associated with fruit flavor were identified.The expression patterns of eight of the SV genes were examined using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction(RT-qPCR).The results of this study illustrate the genomic variation in these cultivars and provide evidence for a genetic basis for the horticultural traits of disease resistance,short internodes and lighter flavor exhibited in these cultivars.These results provide a genetic basis for the phenotypic characteristics of‘Su Shuai’and,as such,these SVs could serve as gene-specific molecular markers in maker-assisted breeding of apples.

Computational screening of O‐functional MXenes for electrocatalytic ammonia synthesis

The nitrogen reduction reaction(NRR)using new and efficient electrocatalysts is a promising al‐ternative to the traditional Haber‐Bosch process.Nevertheless,it remains a challenge to design efficient catalysts with improved catalytic performance.Herein,various O‐functional MXenes were investigated as NRR catalysts by a combination of density functional theory calculations and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator(LASSO)regression.Nb_(3)C_(2)O_(X) has been regarded as a promising catalyst for the NRR because of its stability,activity,and selectivity.The poten‐tial‐determining step is*NH_(2) hydrogenation to*NH3 with a limiting potential of-0.45 V.Further‐more,via LASSO regression,the descriptors and equations fitting the relationship between the properties of O‐functional MXenes and NRR activity have been proposed.This work not only pro‐vides a rational design strategy for catalysts but also provides machine learning data for further investigation.

Trace water triggers high-efficiency photocatalytic hydrogen peroxide production

Photocatalytic production of hydrogen peroxide(H_(2)O_(2))has attracted much attentions as a promising method for sustainable solar fuel.Here,we demonstrate that trace water can drastically boost highefficiency photocatalytic production of H_(2)O_(2) with a record-high concentration of 113 mmol L^(-1) using alkali-assisted C_(3)N_(4) as photocatalyst in water/alcohol mixture solvents.By electron paramagnetic resonance(EPR)measurement,the radical species generated during the photocatalytic process of H_(2)O_(2) are identified.We propose alcohol is used to provide and stabilize-OOH radicals through hydrogen bond,while trace water could trigger photocatalytic production of H_(2)O_(2) via providing and transferring indispensable free protons to completely consume OOH radicals,which breaks the reaction balance of-OOH radical generation from alcohol.Thus-OOH radicals could be supplied by alcohol continuously to serve as a reservoir for high-efficiency production of H_(2)O_(2).These results pave the way towards photocatalytic method on semiconductor catalysts as an outstanding approach for production of hydrogen peroxide.

Stable all-solid-state battery enabled with Li_(6.25)PS_(5.25)Cl_(0.75) as fast ion-conducting electrolyte

All-solid-state batteries(ASSB) with lithium anode have attracted ever-increasing attention towards developing safer batteries with high energy densities.While great advancement has been achieved in developing solid electrolytes(SE) with superb ionic conductivity rivalling that of the current liquid technology,it has yet been very difficult in their successful application to ASSBs with sustaining rate and cyclic performances.Here in this work,we have realized a stable ASSB using the Li_(6.25)PS_(5.25)Cl_(0.75) fast ionconducting electrolyte together with LiNbO_3 coated LiCoO_2 as cathode and lithium foil as the anode.The effective diffusion coefficient of Li-ions in the battery is higher than 10^(-12) cm~2 s^(-1),and the significantly enhanced electrochemical matching at the cathode-electrolyte interface was essential to enable long-term stability against high oxidation potential,with the LCO@LNO/Li_(6.25)PS_(5.25)Cl_(0.75)/Li battery to retain 74.12% capacity after 430 cycles at 100 μA cm-2 and 59.7% of capacity after 800 cycles at 50 μA cm^(-2),at a high charging cut-off voltage of 4.2 V.This demonstrates that the Li_(6.25)PS_(5.25)Cl_(0.75) can be an excellent electrolyte for the realization of stable ASSBs with high-voltage cathodes and metallic lithium as anode,once the electrochemical compatibility between cathode and electrolyte can be addressed with a suitable buffer coating.

Chronic consumption of thermally processed palm oil or canola oil modified gut microflora of rats

Dietary oils have critical influences on human health,and thermally cooking or frying modify the components and nutritional functions of oils.Palm oil was the most widely used oil in food processing industry,but its health effects remain debatable.In the current study,we aimed to compare the effects of thermally oxidized palm oil and canola oil on gut microbiota.Palm oil or canola oil were heated at 180°C for 10 h to prepare high-fat diets.Rats were fed high-fat diets for 3 months,and hematological properties,gut microflora composition and intestinal gene expression were examined.The results indicated that heated canola oil consumption elevated plasma total cholesterol and LDL-c levels compared with unheated canola oil,but heated palm oil do not had these effects;and consumption of heated palm oil significantly elevated the relative abundance of Lactobacillucs and Roseburia in gut,compared with non-heated palm oil or two canola oil groups.Moreover,intestinal expression of IL-22 was increased in heated palm oil fed animal,though ZO-1 and GPR41 were reduced.In conclusion,heating process may enhance the effects of palm oil on proliferation of probiotics Lactobacillucs,and weaken the effects of canola oil on cholesterol transport and metabolism.

Secondary Warehouse Management System of Medical Low Value Consumables under SPD Mode and its Working Method

Objective:To study the secondary warehouse management system and operation mode of medical low value consumables under SPD mode.Methods:From August 2018 to August 2019,the management mode of the secondary warehouse management system of medical low value consumables was selected.According to the management method,it can be divided into the observation group and the control group.The relevant data of the observation group was based on SPD mode,and the data of the control group was based on the traditional mode.According to the improvement of the two groups of data management effect,data integration and analysis are carried out to judge the effectiveness of the SPD mode of medical low value consumables secondary warehouse management system and its working mode.Results:During the analysis of the two groups of data,the relevant data were analyzed.The data validity of the observation group was higher(94.0%),and the differences of the limitations and problems in the management process had more advantages,while the relevant data corresponding to the two groups of data had significant differences(P<0.05).Conclusion:According to the current research results,Based on the collection,storage and central management of data electronic medical record information,the secondary warehouse management system of medical low value consumables under SPD mode is connected with clinical information system and management information system,which realizes the unification,resource integration and efficient operation of different business systems in the hospital,so as to help improve the quality and efficiency of medical care,prevent and reduce medical errors,Control and reduce medical expenses.

Three-dimensional macroscopic absorbents: From synergistic effects to advanced multifunctionalities

The accelerated arriving of 5G era has brought a new round of intelligent transformation which will completely emancipate smart terminal devices.While the subsequent deleterious effect of electromagnetic wave on electronic devices is increasingly serious,driving the growth of next-generation electromagnetic wave absorbents.As a tactful combination of components and structures,three-dimensional(3D)macroscopic absorbents with fascinating synergy afford exceptional electromagnetic wave absorption,and tremendous efforts have been devoted to this investigation.However,in terms of macroscopic absorbents and their synergistic effect,few reviews are proposed to comb the latest achievements and detailed synergy.This review article focuses on the synergistic effect of macro-architectured absorbents mainly including structure-induced synergy,structure-components synergy,and multiple-components induced synergy.And then the potential construction principles and strategies of macroscopic absorbents are combed.Significantly,the key information for structures and components manipulation including nano-micro design and components regulation is further dissected by critically selected cutting-edge 3D macroscopic absorbents.Moreover,a brief summary of multifunctional electromagnetic wave absorbents(EWAs)-based macroscopic structures is presented.Finally,the development prospects and challenges of these materials are discussed.

Regulation of the pore structure of carbon nanosheets based electrocatalyst for efficient polysulfides phase conversions

The practical applications of lithium-sulfur(Li-S)batteries are hampered by the sluggish redox kinetics and polysulfides shuttle in the cyclic process,which leads to a series of problems including the loss of active materials and poor cycling efficiency.In this paper,the pore structures of carbon nanosheets based electrocatalysts were precisely controlled by regulating the content of water-soluble KCl template.The relationship between pore structures and Li-S electrochemical behavior was studied,which demonstrates a key influence of pore structure in polysulfides phase conversions.In the liquid-sloid redox reaction of polysulfides,the micropores and small mesopores(d<20 nm)exhibited little impact,while the meso-pores(d>20 nm)and macropores played a decisive role.As a typical exhibition,the nickel-embedded carbon nanosheets(Ni-CNS)with a high content of large mesopores and macropores can aid Li-S batteries in exhibiting stable cycling performance(760.1 mAh g^(-1)at 1 C after 300 cycles)and superior rate capac-ity(847.8 mAh g^(-1)at 2 C).Furthermore,even with high sulfur loading(8 mg cm^(−2))and low electrolyte(E/S is around 6μL mg^(-1)),the high area capacity of 7.7 mAh cm^(−2)at 0.05 C could be achieved.This work can provide a guideline for the design of the pore structure of carbon-based electrocatalysts toward high-efficiency sulfur species redox reactions,and afford a general,controllable,and simple approach to constructing high performance Li-S batteries.

Distributed adaptive prescribed-time orbit containment control for satellite cluster flight

The distributed prescribed-time orbit containment control for the satellite cluster flight with multiple dynamic leaders is investigated.The directed information communication topology between followers is taken into account in the overall paper.When the satellite mass is assumed to be constant,a distributed prescribed-time orbit containment controller is,firstly,presented to drive the followers into the dynamic convex hull produced by multiple leaders.Then,the parameter uncertainty is considered,and a prescribed-time sliding mode estimator is introduced to estimate the desired velocity of each follower.Based on the estimated state,a novel distributed adaptive prescribed-time orbit containment control scheme is proposed.The Lyapunov stability theory is utilized to prove the prescribed-time stability of the closed-loop system.Finally,several numerical simulations and comparison of different control methods are provided to verify the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed control method.

A functional gel polymer electrolyte based on PVDF-HFP/gelatin toward dendrite-free lithium metal batteries

The leakage of liquid electrolyte and the formation of lithium dendrites pose challenges to safety and stability of lithium metal batteries(LMBs).The appearance of gel polymer electrolyte(GPE)has obviously improved the safety of traditional LMBs.However,the limited inhibition of GPE on lithium dendrites is detrimental to the safety of LMBs.Herein,a kind of poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene)(PVDF-HFP)/gelatin(GN)GPE with high ionic conductivity,high-temperature resistance,and flame-retardancy,was prepared by electrospinning and soaking method.Utilizing the electrospinning network of PVDF-HFP,its affinity to liquid electrolytes,makes this GPE more beneficial to ions transport and the formation of gel.And,the GN with sol–gel properties,enhances the mechanical property(13.5 MPa)of HFP-GN GPE.Meanwhile,X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)and density functional theory(DFT)suggest that the attraction of polar groups of GN to Li+can regulate the distribution of Li+and protect Li anodes.Consequently,the application of HFP-GN GPEs to LMBs with cathodes of LiFePO_(4) and LiCoO_(2) deliver excellent electrochemical performances:after 300 cycles,the LiFePO_(4)/HFP-GN GPE/Li battery keeps a low capacity decay rate of 0.09%at 5 C;after 400 cycles at 2 C,the LiCoO_(2)/HFP-GN GPE/Li cell retains a high capacity retention of 74%.This GPE is demonstrated for the application prospect of safe LMBs.