Defect Engineering and Carbon Supporting to Achieve Ni‑Doped CoP_(3) with High Catalytic Activities for Overall Water Splitting

This work reports the use of defect engineering and carbon supporting to achieve metal-doped phosphides with high activities and stabilities for the hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)and the oxygen evolution reaction(OER)in alkaline media.Specifically,the nitrogen-doped carbon nanofiber-supported Ni-doped CoP_(3) with rich P defects(Pv·)on the carbon cloth(p-NiCoP/NCFs@CC)is synthesized through a plasma-assisted phosphorization method.The p-NiCoP/NCFs@CC is an efficient and stable catalyst for the HER and the OER.It only needs overpotentials of 107 and 306 mV to drive 100 mA cm^(-2) for the HER and the OER,respectively.Its catalytic activities are higher than those of other catalysts reported recently.The high activities of the p-NiCoP/NCFs@CC mainly arise from its peculiar structural features.The density functional theory calculation indicates that the Pv·richness,the Ni doping,and the carbon supporting can optimize the adsorption of the H atoms at the catalyst surface and promote the strong electronic couplings between the carbon nanofiber-supported p-NiCoP with the surface oxide layer formed during the OER process.This gives the p-NiCoP/NCFs@CC with the high activities for the HER and the OER.When used in alkaline water electrolyzers,the p-NiCoP/NCFs@CC shows the superior activity and excellent stability for overall water splitting.

Receptor-binding domain-specific human neutralizing monoclonal antibodies against SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2

The outbreaks of severe acute respiratory syndrome(SARS)and Coronavirus Disease 2019(COVID-19)caused by SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2,respectively,have posed severe threats to global public health and the economy.Treatment and prevention of these viral diseases call for the research and development of human neutralizing monoclonal antibodies(NMAbs).Scientists have screened neutralizing antibodies using the virus receptor-binding domain(RBD)as an antigen,indicating that RBD contains multiple conformational neutralizing epitopes,which are the main structural domains for inducing neutralizing antibodies and T-cell immune responses.This review summarizes the structure and function of RBD and RBD-specific NMAbs against SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 currently under development.

Network transition security for transmission switching

The smart grid with flexible topologies receives intensive attention recently.Transmission switching(TS)alters the power system topology during operation,and has been demonstrated for the advantage of economic and secure operation of power systems.TS includes a chain of sequential switching actions which bring disturbances to the system if the switching actions are not properly designed.Unfortunately,it is not considered or well-studied in existing works.In this paper,a new multi-period TS model that considers the transition security and a two-stage iterative method are proposed.In the TS model,we take into account the fact that only one line is permitted to switch up or down at a time and the security of each switching action is considered.The proposed iterative solution makes the TS model more tractable in ACframework.Case studies on a 6-bus system and the IEEE 57-bus test system have verified the effectiveness of theproposed model.Numerical results show that:àthe consideration of transition security of TS is essential;`the transition path is directly related to secure and fast the transmission switching;′the proposed model and solution method give an effective way to determine the switching sequence and switching timing under transition security criteria.