Comparative transcriptome analysis between rhesus macaques(Macaca mulatta) and crab-eating macaques(M. fascicularis)

Understanding gene expression variations between species is pivotal for deciphering the evolutionary diversity in phenotypes. Rhesus macaques(Macaca mulatta, MMU)and crab-eating macaques(M. fascicularis, MFA) serve as crucial nonhuman primate biomedical models with different phenotypes. To date, however, large-scale comparative transcriptome research between these two species has not yet been fully explored. Here, we conducted systematic comparisons utilizing newly sequenced RNA-seq data from84 samples(41 MFA samples and 43 MMU samples)encompassing 14 common tissues. Our findings revealed a small fraction of genes(3.7%) with differential expression between the two species, as well as 36.5% of genes with tissue-specific expression in both macaques. Comparison of gene expression between macaques and humans indicated that 22.6% of orthologous genes displayed differential expression in at least two tissues. Moreover,19.41% of genes that overlapped with macaque-specific structural variants showed differential expression between humans and macaques. Of these, the FAM220A gene exhibited elevated expression in humans compared to macaques due to lineage-specific duplication. In summary,this study presents a large-scale transcriptomic comparison between MMU and MFA and between macaques and humans. The discovery of gene expression variations not only enhances the biomedical utility of macaque models but also contributes to the wider field of primate genomics.

FLOWERING LOCUS T(FT)in Photosensitive Type Chrysanthemum Accelerates Flowering in Arabidopsis

FLOWERING LOCUS T(FT)is an important factor for integrating flowering signals through the photoperiod pathway,which significantly promotes flowering.Most chrysanthemum varieties are short-day plants,sensitive to the photoperiod,which limits their ornamental and annual production supply.In this study,we aim to analyze the nutrients and flowering-related genes of chrysanthemums with different photoperiod types and to clone and verify the function of the flowering-related gene CmFT.We found that the formation of floral buds requires the accumulation of starch while consuming soluble sugars and the expression patterns of flowering-related genes GIGANTEA(GI),CONSTANS(CO),and FT in C.morifolium‘Zilian’and C.morifolium‘Zihongtuogui’had a certain synchronization during floral buds differentiation according to our quantitative validation,and the expression levels of CmGI,CmCO and CmFT in C.morifolium‘Zihongtuogui’were higher than those in C.morifolium.‘Zilian’in the later stage of differentiation.CmFT was cloned from photosensitive chrysanthemums-C.morifolium‘Zihongtuogui’and polypeptide alignment and phylogenetic analysis showed that CmFT was clustered in FT-like subfamily.In further functional verification,we obtained two Arabidopsis transgenic lines.Our results showed that CmFT transgenic ft mutant lines can significantly accelerate flowering in Arabidopsis.Thus,we can initially confirm that CmFT plays an important role in promoting flowering,which may be the key reason for the photosensitivity of C.morifolium‘Zihongtuogui’.Overall,the results of this study are of great importance in revealing the flowering mechanism of different photoperiod types of chrysanthemums.

Clinical Efficacy of Pentoxifylline Combined with Thioctic Acid in the Treatment of Painful Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy

Objective:To observe the efficacy of pentoxifylline+thioctic acid in the treatment of patients with painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy(PDPN).Methods:70 patients with PDPN admitted from October 2019 to October 2022 were selected and randomly grouped,with pentoxifylline+thioctic acid treatment in Group A and thioctic acid treatment in Group B,and the treatment efficacy was compared.Results:The treatment efficacy in Group A was higher than that of Group B,P<0.05;the points of each symptom of PDPN in Group A were lower than that of Group B,P<0.05;the C-reactive protein and electromyography indexes of PDPN patients in Group A were better than that of Group B,P<0.05.Conclusion:PDPN patients treated with pentoxifylline+thioctic acid can optimize nerve function,inhibit inflammation progression,and reduce PDPN symptoms,which is an efficient and feasible treatment option.

Research on Dairy Consumption of Rural Residents in Yanqing District of Beijing

Taking the rural residents in Yanqing District of Beijing as the research object,through field investigations and interviews,it is found that the main characteristics,income and expenditure level,preference and cognitive level of rural residents are the factors that affect the dairy consumption behavior of rural residents.Using the bivariate regression model for empirical analysis,it is concluded that rural residents'occupation,monthly average income,purchase expenditure and attitude towards dairy safety have a significant impact on rural residents'dairy consumption behavior,and then relevant constructive suggestions are put forward to guide rural residents'balanced consumption.

Dynamic Variation and Correlation of Pericarp Tenderness and Component Contents of Super Sweet Corn(sh_(2))in Kernel Development

Data on the mechanism of how pericarp components in fresh sweet corn affect pericarp tenderness are scarce.This study explored variation and correlation of pericarp tenderness and components over time in three inbred lines of sweet corn that were selected for their differences in pericarp tenderness.The three lines presented a curvilinear increase in pericarp tenderness(puncture reading)from 12 to 24 d after pollination(DAP)across two environments,with the means at each time point always in the same order:S33205>T105>PE10.Pericarp tenderness difference at each same time point in two environments over time varied similarly in each of the three inbred lines:increasing first,then dropping after peak,and insignificant at the end.Of the main pericarp components,mean contents were in the order:hemicellulose>cellulose>lignin in both environments at each time point for the three inbred lines.As the pericarp developed,hemicellulose content increased gradually,lignin content varied along a single-peak curve,cellulose content fluctuated around 24%,and pectin and ash contents changed slightly and irregularly.The pericarp of PE10,with the most tender pericarp,accumulated hemicellulose faster than other two lines.Hemicellulose and lignin contents were significantly correlated with pericarp tenderness,and the main components affected pericarp tenderness.

Preliminary Study on the Waterlogging Tolerance of 116 Corn Materials

Maize is one of the most important food crops in the world.With the global warming,waterlogging stress has become an important abiotic stress factor that affects crop growth,including maize.Waterlogging seriously affects 10%of the arable land and can lead to a 15%-80%reduction in crop yield[1].In this study,115 inbred line materials commonly used in spring maize planting areas in the Jianghan Plain,Hubei,and maize inbred line B73 with complete genome information,were collected and stressed by waterlogging for two weeks in the seven-leaf and one-heart stage,and the survival rate was statistically compared and analyzed,aiming to screen germplasms with strong waterlogging tolerance for the genetic improvement of waterlogging tolerance of Hubei maize lines.

Enlightenment of Development of Japanese and Germen Agricultural Management Main Body to China

As shown in the agricultural development experience of various countries in the world,the agricultural operating entity has become an effective means to increase the agricultural production efficiency and establish a scientific management model.Promoting the continuous improvement of the modern agricultural management system is not only an important means for solving the three rural issues in China,but also a key measure to enhance China's agricultural competitiveness.This paper introduced the basic situation of agricultural operating entities in Japan and Germany,summarized their advanced experience,and finally came up with feasible recommendations for enhancing the competitive advantages of agricultural operating entities in China.

PEDOT-based thermoelectric composites:Preparation,mechanism and applications

Thermoelectric(TE)materials enable effective and direct energy conversions between heat and electricity,displaying wide applications including waste/low-grade heat harvesting,local cooling,sensing and wearable electronics.Among the recently-developed organic and composite TE materials,poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)(PEDOT)is perhaps the most successful and frequently reported type.Herein,we aim to review the recent advances of the synthesis,mechanism and applications of PEDOT-based TE composites.First,the research background and the history of TE materials are briefly introduced.Next,the synthesis and TE performance of PEDOT-based composites are summarized according to the sequence of films,hydrogels/aerogels and fibers/yarns.Then,the mechanism,structure and property are elucidated.After that,the recent development and its applications of power generation and sensing are highlighted.Finally,we provide an outlook on the prospects and the challenges of PEDOT-based TE composites.

Transition-metal catalyzed asymmetric reactions under continuous flow from 2015 to early 2020

During last two decades,transition-metal catalyzed asymmetric reactions under continuous flow system have attracted a widespread attention.With its prominent advantages including higher safety and efficiency,precise control,better heat/mass transfer,easier scale-up and better sustainability,it has impressed both the academia and related industries.However,comparing with the prosperous development of transition-metal catalyzed asymmetric reactions in batch,utilization of this type of chemistry under continuous flow is still at an early stage.To inspire more potential industrial application and further studies of this chemistry in flow,this review sum-marized the recent advances of transition-metal catalyzed asymmetric reactions under continuous flow.Moreover,we further discussed the encountered challenges including reactor engineering,catalyst design,catalyst deacti-vation,pressure drop,clogging,side reactions etc.,as well as their corresponding solutions and achievements in this mini-review.

Effect on proliferation and apoptosis of T24 cell lines via silencing DNMT1 with RNA interference

Expression of DNA methyltransferase 1(DNMT1),which plays an important role on aberrantly methylated CpG in the promoter regions of tumor sup-pressor genes(TSGs),is higher in bladder cancer cells than in normal bladder cells.Therefore,its overexpression is closely related to tumor formation.In this study,the eukaryotic vector pshRNA-DNMT1 was constructed and transfected into T24 cells.Levels of DNMT1 mRNA and protein were detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR)and western blot.Relative to the blank control at the 24th,48th and 72nd hour after transfection of pshRNA-DNMT1,the inhibitory rates of DNMT1 mRNA levels in T24 cells were 28.44%,52.48%,70.91%,respectively.Those of DNMT1 proteins were 24.27%,57.79%,and 77.74%,respectively.Proliferation and apoptosis were assayed by MTT and flow cytometry with Annexin-V-FITC/PI staining.The growth inhibition rates of pshRNA-DNMT1 at the 24th,48th and 72nd hour after transfection of pshRNA-DNMT1 were(4.34¡0.76)%,(9.87¡1.54)%and(13.78¡1.93)%,respectively.There were statistically significant differ-ences between pshRNA-DNMT1 and the control blank at each time points(P,0.01);24,48 and 72 hours after T24 cells were transfected by pshRNA-DNMT1,the apoptosis rates of pshRNA-DNMT1 were(3.87¡0.81)%,(8.69¡1.23)%and(11.46¡1.24)%,respectively(P,0.01 vs blank control).Based on this case,our conclu-sion is that the recombinant plasmid pshRNA-DNMT1 can silence the expression of gene DNMT1 mRNA and protein effectively,and to some extent,it also can inhibit the proliferation of bladder cancer cell and promote the cellular apoptosis.

Effect of Cl doping amount on the microstructure,photovoltaic properties and ferroelectric properties of Bi-based lead-free perovskite

Organic-inorganic hybrid perovskites with 3D perovskite structure have gained much attention as light harvesting materials in thinfilm photovoltaics.This is because of their outstanding light-absorption characteristics,charge-transport dynamics and their simple processability using lab-scale solution and vapor phase deposition techniques.However,the inherent instability and lead toxicity of lead-based PSCs are the major problems at present.Recent studies have shown that the(CH_(3)NH_(3)T_(3)Bi_(2)I_(9)(MBI)0D bismuth-based compound can be used as an optical absorption layer in solar cells.In this paper,the(CH_(3)NH_(3)T_(3)Bi_(2)I_(9)was doped with Cl
and a series of(CH_(3)NH_(3)T_(3)Bi_(2)I_(9-x)Cl_(x)films were prepared.The effects of different doping amounts on the microstructure,photovoltaic properties and ferroelectric properties were systematically investigated.Scanning electron microscope(SEM)and Atomic force microscope(AFM)analysis showed that with the increase of doping content,the density of the films increased and the roughness decreased.The photoelectric conversion efficiency of(CH_(3)NH_(3)T_(3)Bi_(2)I_(9-x)Cl_(x)raises with the increase of doping content.For example,the photoelectric conversion efficiency of(C_(H)3NH_(3)T_(3)Bi_(2)I_(3)Cl_(6)is 0.473%.We find that the leakage current descends into the increase in doping content,which may be due to the increase in the film density and the decrease of porosity.These research results have a positive effect on the development of Bi-based lead-free perovskite.