Establishment of Risk Prediction Model and Nomogram for Lymph Node Metastasis of Cervical Cancer: Based on SEER Database

Objective: To predict the risk factors of lymph node metastasis in cervical cancer by using large sample clinical data, and to construct and verify the nomogram for predicting lymph node metastasis. Methods: A total of 5940 patients with cervical cancer from 2004 to 2015 in the National Cancer Institute Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results database were retrospectively screened and randomly assigned to training group (n = 4172) and validation group (n = 1768). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis was used, and the optimal model was selected according to AIC or BIC and likelihood ratio test, and a nomogram was drawn. The accuracy and robustness of the prediction model were evaluated in three aspects: discrimination, calibration and clinical net benefit. Results: The prediction model based on race, tumor tissue differentiation degree, tumor histopathological type, distant metastasis of tumor, tumor diameter and other risk factors was successfully established and a nomogram was constructed. The AUCs of training group and validation group were: 0.736 and 0.714, respectively. And the p-values of the Hosmer-Lemeshow test were 0.28 and 0.11, respectively. The calibration curve was in good agreement with the ideal curve. It had high accuracy and applicability after internal verification. Conclusion: A prediction model is constructed based on the risk factors of lymph node metastasis of cervical cancer. The nomogram has a good effective prediction and can provide a theoretical basis for clinicians to assess the disease quickly before surgery.

Influence of sub-bandgap illumination on space charge distribution in CdZnTe detector

The space charge accumulation in CdZnTe crystals seriously affects the performance of high-flux pulse detectors.The influence of sub-bandgap illumination on the space charge distribution and device performance in CdZnTe crystals were studied theoretically by Silvaco TCAD software simulation.The sub-bandgap illumination with a wavelength of 890 nm and intensity of 8×10−8 W/cm2 were used in the simulation to explore the space charge distribution and internal electric field distribution in CdZnTe crystals.The simulation results show that the deep level occupation faction is manipulated by the sub-bandgap illumination,thus space charge concentration can be reduced under the bias voltage of 500 V.A flat electric field distribution is obtained,which significantly improves the charge collection efficiency of the CdZnTe detector.Meanwhile,premised on the high resistivity of CdZnTe crystal,the space charge concentration in the crystal can be further reduced with the wavelength of 850 nm and intensity of 1×10−7 W/cm2 illumination.The electric field distribution is flatter and the carrier collection efficiency of the device can be improved more effectively.

The Perturbed Riemann Problem for a Geometrical Optics System

The perturbed Riemann problem for a hyperbolic system of conservation laws arising in geometrical optics with three constant initial states is solved.By studying the interactions among of the delta-shock,vacuum,and contact discontinuity,fourteen kinds of structures of Riemann solutions are obtained.The compound wave solutions consisting of delta-shocks,vacuums,and contact discontinuities are found.The single and double closed vacuum cavitations develop in solutions.Furthermore,it is shown that the solutions of the Riemann problem for the geometrical optics system are stable under certain perturbation of the initial data.Finally,the numerical results completely coinciding with theoretical analysis are presented.

Effect of Anngro Adjuvant under the Condition of Pesticide Reduction

[Objective] The paper was to study the effects of Anngro adjuvant under the condition of pesticide reduction.[Method] With rice as the research object,a novel botanical adjuvant Anngro was mixed with 75% trifloxystrobin tebuconazole WDG and 35% chlorantraniliprole WDG at half dosage,and sprayed to control striped rice borer(Chilo suppressalis),rice sheath blight(Rhizoctonia solani) and false smut(Ustilaginoidea oryzae).The rice yield of pesticide reduction was compared with that of conventional application,to explore the cost-saving,effect-increasing,green and environment-friendly diseases and insect pests control technology of rice in Honghu area.[Result] The combined application of Anngro and three dosage forms of pesticides at half dosage had synergistic effect on the control of striped rice borer compared with conventional application at normal dosage,and the effect was improved by 2.67%.The control effects of the two application methods on rice sheath blight and false smut were equiva-lent.There were no significant differences in rice yield and other economic traits.[Conclusion] Anngro can be used as an effective adjuvant in Honghu area,which increases the prevention and control effect of rice diseases and insect pests,reduces agricultural non-point source pollution,and improves ecological environment.It can be used as a pesticide synergistic adjuvant for further demonstration and promotion.

Ancient genomic time transect unravels the population dynamics of Neolithic middle Yellow River farmers

In 1921,Swedish geologist Andersson and his Chinese colleagues carried out thefirst excavation of the Yangshaocun site in Sanmenxia City of central China’s Henan Province[1].Archaeologists reached a consensus that the relics unearthed in Yangshaocun were dated back to the Neolithic Age and described in archaeology as the“Yangshao culture”,named after the Yangshaocun site[2].The discovery of Yangshao culture in Yangshaocun marked the beginning of modern archaeology in China and overturned the claims that China has no Stone Age culture.

我国优秀男子跳高技术的运动学特征分析——以2019年张国伟世界田径锦标赛选拔赛为例

目的:对张国伟退役前在世界田径锦标赛选拔赛上2.20m的跳高成绩进行技术动作诊断分析,与世界级优秀跳高运动员进行系统比较,找出张国伟在技术动作上与世界优秀跳高运动员之间存在的差异及自身的不足进行改进,提出有针对性的技术问题和改善方法。方法:采用现场运动录像拍摄方式对张国伟在跳高过程中助跑技术、起跳技术至腾空过杆技术进行三维运动拍摄,对技术动作参数进行解剖分析。结果:(1)张国伟在体型和身体素质协调性上较为理想,满足跳高选材的身体特征要求。(2)相对于世界级优秀跳高运动员,张国伟在技术风格与身体素质上存在非常显著差异。(3)在助跑技术过程中张国伟存在身体内倾不够积极,内倾角度较小。

Microstructure and mechanical properties of transient liquid phase bonding DD5 single-crystal superalloy to CrCoNi-based medium-entropy alloy

This study focuses on the transient liquid phase(TLP)bonding of DD5 single-crystal superalloy to Cr Co Nibased medium-entropy alloy(MEA)using a BNi-2 filler alloy.The microstructure and mechanical properties of the TLP-bonded DD5/MEA joint were evaluated,and the microstructural evolution mechanism was investigated.The formation of the isothermal solidification zone(ISZ)depended on the diffusion of the melting-point depressants(Si and B elements)from the liquid filler into the DD5 and MEA substrates,as well as the dissolution of the substrates.Boron diffused along theγchannel of DD5 and reacted to form M_(5)B_(3)boride,herein referred to as the diffusion-affected zone(DAZ I).Similarly,the Cr_(5)B_(3)boride precipitated in the Ni-rich MEA matrix adjacent to the MEA substrate(i.e.,DAZ II).Additionally,a coherent orientation of[0]_(BCY)//[011]_(FCC)and(002)_(BCY)//(200)_(FCC)was detected between M_(5)B_(3)boride with a body-centered tetragonal(BCT)structure and the face-centered cubic(FCC)matrix.The performance of the joint was dominated by the properties of the bonding seam.As the bonding time increased from 20to 80 min,the athermal solidification zone(including eutectic microstructure)was gradually replaced by the ISZ exhibiting excellent plastic deformation capability,and the shear strength of the joint was improved.The maximum shear strength(752 MPa)was achieved when the eutectic-free joint was bonded at 1050℃ for 80 min.The fracture morphology revealed a mixture mode,indicating the initiation of cracks in the DAZ II,mainly propagating in the ISZ,and passing through the DAZ I.

Coordination geometry of Zn^(2+) on hexagonal turbostratic birnessites with different Mn average oxidation states and its stability under acid dissolution

Hexagonal turbostratic birnessite,with the characteristics of high contents of vacancies,varying amounts of structural and adsorbed Mn^（3＋）,and small particle size,undergoes strong adsorption reactions with trace metal（TM）contaminants.While the interactions of TM,i.e.,Zn^（2＋）,with birnessite are well understood,the effect of birnessite structural characteristics on the coordination and stability of Zn^（2＋）on the mineral surfaces under proton attack is as yet unclear.In the present study,the effects of a series of synthesized hexagonal turbostratic birnessites with different Mn average oxide states（AOSs）on the coordination geometry of adsorbed Zn^（2＋）and its stability under acidic conditions were investigated.With decreasing Mn AOS,birnessite exhibits smaller particle sizes and thus larger specific surface area,higher amounts of layer Mn^（3＋）and thus longer distances for the first Mn／O and Mn／Mn shells,but a low quantity of available vacancies and thus low adsorption capacity for Zn^（2＋）.Zn K-edge EXAFS spectroscopy demonstrates that birnessite with low Mn AOS has smaller adsorption capacity but more tetrahedral Zn（^（IV）Zn）complexes on vacancies than octahedral（^（VI）Zn）complexes,and Zn^（2＋）is more unstable under acidic conditions than that adsorbed on birnessite with high Mn AOS.High Zn^（2＋）loading favors the formation of^（VI）Zn complexes over^（IV）Zn complexes,and the release of Zn^（2＋）is faster than at low loading.These results will deepen our understanding of the interaction mechanisms of various TMs with natural birnessites,and the stability and thus the potential toxicity of heavy metal pollutants sequestered by engineered nano-sized metal oxide materials.

Quasi-in-situ Observation of Interfacial Behaviours:Recrystallization and Grain Recombination during Micro-deformed Diffusion Bonding Process

The interfacial behaviours of micro-deformed diffusion bonded joints were systematically revealed.There were two typical bonding interfacial characteristics:“bond line”and migrated grain boundaries.“Bond line”was featured as fine grains and phases on the interface.The critical temperature of joint characterized by“bond line”was 950℃.The increased temperature 1000℃was a critical temperature which interfacial characteristic“bond line”eliminated.The second type was characterized by interfacial migration over 1000℃,in which the bonding interfaces were composed of straight grain boundaries,triple junctions,and protruding and expanding interfacial migrated grains.Additionally,two different interface migration and joint forming mechanisms were observed with elevated bonding temperature:recrystallization and grain recombination.The first one was the discontinuous dynamic recrystallization mechanism,which was observed in the joints bonded at 950℃and 1000℃.The second mechanism was the grain boundary migration mechanism based on the grain growth mechanism,of which the typical bonding temperature was 1050℃.The joint was bonded under two kinds of grain boundary migration,including strain-induced interface grain boundary migration and interface grain boundary migration at triple junction.

Modeling and simulation of network traffic flow evolution based on incomplete information feedback strategies in the ATIS environment

Considering both the high complexity of urban traffic flow systems and the bounded rationality of travelers,providing traffic information to all travelers is an effective method to induce each individual to make a more rational route-choice decision.Within Advanced Traveler Information System(ATIS)working environment,temporal and spatial evolution processes of traffic flow in urban road networks are closely related to strategies of providing traffic information and contents of information.In view of the day-to-day route-choice situations,this study constructs original updating models of the cognitive travel time of travelers under four conditions,including not providing any route travel time,only providing the most rapid route travel time,only providing the most congested route travel time,and providing all the routes travel times.The disaggregate route-choice approach is adopted for simulation to reveal the relationship between the evolution process of network traffic flow and the strategy of providing traffic information.The simulation shows that providing traffic information to all travelers cannot improve the operational efficiency of road networks.It is noteworthy that an inappropriate information feedback strategy would lead to intense variation in various routes traffic flow.Compared with incomplete information feedback strategies,it is inefficient and superfluous to provide complete traffic information to all travelers.

Clinical features and prognostic factors of primary intracranial malignant fibrous histiocytoma:A report of 8 cases and a literature review

Objective: Primary intracranial malignant fibrous histiocytoma(MFH) is rare. We describe the detailed clinical features of 8 cases and fully review the literature to evaluate several prognostic factors. Methods: Eight patients with pathologically confirmed primary intracranial MFH were retrospectively reviewed. We searched Pub Med for relevant articles with the term "intracranial malignant fibrous histiocytoma". Results: Of the 8 patients, 4 were men and 4 were women. Three patients had received previous radiotherapy. The age of the patients ranged from 19 to 69 years, with a median age of 48 years. Most tumors could be totally resected; and only 1 tumor was subtotally resected. Six patients received postoperative radiotherapy and 3 patients received postoperative chemotherapy. Most patients died within the first year after surgery; and only 1 patient was still alive on the date of the last follow-up. We reviewed the literature and included a total of 46 patients in the Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. Young patients(less than 30 years old) seemed to have a better prognosis and survival rate than older patients(more than 30 years old)(log-rank test, P = 0.008).However, sex(P = 0.675), extent of resection(P = 0.934), postoperative radiotherapy(P = 0.592), and postoperative chemotherapy(P = 0.424) did not affect patient prognosis.Conclusions: The prognosis of MFH is usually poor, and most patients die within the first year after surgery. Younger MFH patients(less than 30 years old) seem to have a better prognosis and improved survival compared to older patients.

Post-traumatic cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea associated with craniofacial fibrous dysplasia:Case report and literature review

Objective: Fibrous dysplasia(FD) is an unusual developmental abnormality of the skeleton. When facial and cranial bones are involved in FD, it is termed craniofacial fibrous dysplasia(CFD). Although several reports have reported that CFD has a tendency for spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid(CSF) leakage, there have been no related English-language case reports. We present the first case of post-traumatic CSF rhinorrhea associated with CFD. Methods: A 30-year-old man presented with CSF rhinorrhea after a mild head trauma. Computed tomography cisternogram located a defect in the posterior wall of the right frontal sinus. Imaging examination also showed the evident expansion of multiple skull bones, spinal scoliosis, and multiple local enlargements of ribs.Without café-au-lait cutaneous spots and endocrine abnormalities, polyostotic FD was diagnosed instead of Mc Cune-Albright syndrome(MAS). The patient underwent craniotomy fistula repair surgery. The excised bone was contoured to be thinner to increase the cranial cavity. The patient recovered well and CSF leakage did not recur.But during a nineteen-month follow up, sight in the patient's left eye was decreased.MAS was suspected. Unfortunately the patient refused to take the proposed decompression surgery and laboratory tests of serum hormones. Conclusions: CFD, if the wall of the paranasal sinus is involved and the cranial cavity is decreased, may increase the risk of CSF rhinorrhea after head trauma.Expectant management is recommended in asymptomatic CFD patients even in the presence of optic nerve compression. As MAS may cause more problems, it should be precluded before polyostotic FD is diagnosed.

Endocrine pheromones couple fat rationing to dauer diapause through HNF4αnuclear receptors

Developmental diapause is a widespread strategy for animals to survive seasonal starvation and environmental harshness.Diapaused animals often ration body fat to generate a basal level of energy for enduring survival.How diapause and fat rationing are coupled,however,is poorly understood.The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans excretes pheromones to the environment to induce a diapause form called dauer larva.Through saturated forward genetic screens and CRISPR knockout,we found that dauer pheromones feed back to repress the transcription of ACOX-3,MAOC-1,DHS-28,DAF-22(peroxisomalβ-oxidation enzymes dually involved in pheromone synthesis and fat burning),ALH-4(aldehyde dehydrogenase for pheromone synthesis),PRX-10 and PRX-11(peroxisome assembly and proliferation factors).Dysfunction of these pheromone enzymes and factors relieves the repression.Surprisingly,transcription is repressed not by pheromones excreted but by pheromones endogenous to each animal.The endogenous pheromones regulate the nuclear translocation of HNF4αfamily nuclear receptor NHR-79 and its co-receptor NHR-49,and,repress transcription through the two receptors.The feedback repression maintains pheromone homeostasis,increases fat storage,decreases fat burning,and prolongs dauer lifespan.Thus,the exocrine dauer pheromones possess an unexpected endocrine function to mediate a peroxisome-nucleus crosstalk,coupling dauer diapause to fat rationing.

神经元形态重建进展及趋势

神经元形态重建是指从图像中挖掘表征神经纤维特征的量化数据.该技术在神经元类型识别、神经回路绘制、脑图谱构建等众多脑科学基础研究中发挥重要应用,也会为人工智能领域的多项研究提供有益借鉴.近年来,分子标记和成像技术的系列进展将全脑尺度神经元网络研究推向前所未有的尺度,但也对现有神经元形态重建方法提出若干挑战.在此背景下,本文简述国内外神经元形态重建研究现状和经典方法,论述单神经元重建到神经群落重建是领域发展的必然趋势,并对神经元形态重建的未来发展方向做出展望.上述内容有助于我国研究者迅速了解神经元形态重建领域的最新动向,发展与现有数据特点相匹配的神经元形态重建方法.

Green Effectively Enhanced Extraction to Produce Yttrium(Ⅲ)in Slug Flow Microreactor

Process reinforcement research was carried out in Y-junction slug flow microreactors under variable conditions,using EHEHPA(2-ethylhexyl phosphonic acid mono-2-ethylhexyl)to extract yttrium(Ⅲ)from hydrochloric acid solution.The influence of pH and flow rate on the extraction-reaction efficiency,slug size,mass transfer performance was assessed.The experimental results showed that maximum extraction-reaction efficiency of 91.85%can be achieved in the smallest microreactor(residence time is 11.25 s),which was significantly higher than traditional extraction requiring more than 10 min.The slug length tended to decrease with the increase of pH and flow rate.Volumetric mass transfer coefficients for the slug flow microreactors were found to be in the range of 1.39×10^-1-1.642s^-1 that is several orders of magnitude higher as compared to traditional extractors,which testified the beneficial effects of Y-junction slug flow microreactor.Significant mass transfer reinforcement has prompted the use of microreactor as a suitable alternative to traditional extractors,which can advantageously improve the economic and environmental development of mineral processing.