Role of cyclic guanosine monophosphate-adenosine monophosphate synthase-stimulator of interferon genes pathway in diabetes and its complications

Diabetes mellitus(DM)is one of the major causes of mortality worldwide,with inflammation being an important factor in its onset and development.This review summarizes the specific mechanisms of the cyclic guanosine monophosphate-adenosine monophosphate synthase(cGAS)-stimulator of interferon genes(STING)pathway in mediating inflammatory responses.Furthermore,it compre-hensively presents related research progress and the subsequent involvement of this pathway in the pathogenesis of early-stage DM,diabetic gastroenteropathy,diabetic cardiomyopathy,non-alcoholic fatty liver disease,and other complic-ations.Additionally,the role of cGAS-STING in autonomic dysfunction and intes-tinal dysregulation,which can lead to digestive complications,has been discuss-ed.Altogether,this study provides a comprehensive analysis of the research advances regarding the cGAS-STING pathway-targeted therapeutic agents and the prospects for their application in the precision treatment of DM.

Computed tomography three-dimensional reconstruction in the diagnosis of bleeding small intestinal polyps:A case report

BACKGROUND Computed tomography(CT)small bowel three-dimensional(3D)reconstruction is a powerful tool for the diagnosis of small bowel disease and can clearly show the intestinal lumen and wall as well as the outside structure of the wall.The horizontal axis position can show the best adjacent intestinal tube and the lesion between the intestinal tubes,while the coronal position can show the overall view of the small bowel.The ileal end of the localization of the display of excellent,and easy to quantitative measurement of the affected intestinal segments,the sagittal position for the rectum and the pre-sacral lesions show the best,for the discovery of fistulae is also helpful.Sagittal view can show rectal and presacral lesions and is useful for fistula detection.It is suitable for the assessment of inflammatory bowel disease,such as assessment of disease severity and diagnosis and differential diagnosis of the small bowel and mesenteric space-occupying lesions as well as the judgment of small bowel obstruction points.CASE SUMMARY Bleeding caused by small intestinal polyps is often difficult to diagnose in clinical practice.This study reports a 29-year-old male patient who was admitted to the hospital with black stool and abdominal pain for 3 months.Using the combination of CT-3D reconstruction and capsule endoscopy,the condition was diagnosed correctly,and the polyps were removed using single-balloon enteroscopyendoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography without postoperative complications.CONCLUSION The role of CT-3D in gastrointestinal diseases was confirmed.CT-3D can assist in the diagnosis and treatment of gastrointestinal diseases in combination with capsule endoscopy and small intestinal microscopy.

COOH-terminal deletion of HBx gene is a frequent event in HBV-associated hepatocellular carcinoma

AIM:To investigate the hepatitis B virus (HBV) x gene (HBx) state in the tissues of HBV-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in Chinese patients and whether there were particular HBx mutations. METHODS: HBx gene was amplified and direct sequencing was used in genomic DNA samples from 20 HCC and corresponding non-cancerous liver tissues from HBsAg-positive patients. HBV DNA integration and HBx deleted mutation were validated in 45 HCC patients at different stages by Southern blot analysis and polymerase chain reaction methods. RESULTS: The frequencies of HBx point mutations were significantly lower in HCC than their corresponding non- cancerous liver tissues (11/19 vs 18/19, P = 0.019). In contrast, deletions in HBx gene were significantly higher in HCC than their non-cancerous liver tissues (16/19 vs 4/19, P < 0.001). The deletion of HBx COOH-terminal was detected in 14 HCC tissues. A specific integration of HBx at 17p13 locus was also found in 8 of 16 HCC, and all of them also exhibited full-length HBx deletions. Integrated or integrated coexistence with replicated pattern was obtained in 45.5% (20/45) - 56.8% (25/45) tumors and 40.9% (18/45) - 52.3% (23/45) non-tumor tissues. CONCLUSION: HBx deletion, especially the COOH- terminal deletion of HBx is a frequent event in HBV-associated HCC tissues in China. HBV integration had also taken place in partial HCC tissues. This supporting the hypothesis that deletion and probably integrated forms of the HBx gene may be implicated in liver carcinogenesis.

Micrometastasis in surrounding liver and the minimal length of resection margin of primary liver cancer

AIM： To describe the distribution of micrometastases in the surrounding liver of patients with primary liver cancer （PLC）, and to describe the minimal length of resection margin （RM） for hepatectomy. METHODS： From November 2001 to March 2003, 120 histologically verfied PLC patients without macroscopic tumor thrombi or macrosatellites or extrahepatic metastases underwent curative hepatectomy. Six hundreds and twenty-nine routine pathological sections from these patients were re-examined retrospectively by light microscopy. In the prospective study, curative hepatectomy was performed from November 2001 to March 2003 for 76 histologically verfied PLC patients without definite macroscopic tumor thrombi or macrosatellites or extrahepatic metastases in preoperative imaging. Six hundreds and forty-five pathological sections from these patients were examined by light microscopy. The resected liver specimens were minutely examined to measure the resection margin and to detect the number of daughter tumor nodules, dominant lesions, and macroscopic tumor thrombi inside the lumens of the major venous system. The paraffin sections were microscopically examined to detect the microsatellites, microscopic tumor thrombi, fibrosis tumor capsules, as well as capsule invasion and the distance of histological spread of the micrometastases. RESULTS： In the retrospective study, 70 micrometastases were found in surrounding liver in 26 of the 120 cases （21.7%）. The farthest distance of histological micrometastasis was 3.5 mm, 5.3 mm and 6.0 mm in 95%, 99% and 100% cases, respectively. Macroscopic tumor thrornbi or rnacrosatellites were observed in 18 of 76 cases, and 149 rnicrometastases were found in the surrounding live in 25 （43.1%） of 58 cases with no macroscopic tumor thrombi. The farthest distance of histological micrometastasis was 4.5 mm, 5.5 mm and 6.0 mm in 95%, 99% and 100% cases, respectively. Two hundred and sixty-seven rnicrometastases were found in surrounding liver in 14 （77.8%） out of 18 cases with macroscopic tumor thrombi or macrosatellites. The farthest distance of histological micrometastasis was 18.5 mm, 18.5 mm and 19.0 mm in 95%, 99% and 100% cases, respectively. CONCLUSION： The required minimal length of RM is 5.5 mm and 6 mm respectively to achieve 99% and 100% rnicrometastasis clearance in surrounding liver of PLC patients without macroscopic tumor thrornbi or rnacrosatellites, and should be greater than 18.5 mm to obtain 99% rnicrometastasis clearance in surrounding liver of patients with macroscopic tumor thrornbi or rnacrosatellites.

Effects of SiO_(2) on the preparation and metallurgical properties of acid oxidized pellets

The effects of SiO_(2) content on the preparation process and metallurgical properties of acid oxidized pellets, including compressive strength, reduction, and softening–melting behaviors, were systematically investigated.Mineralogical structures, elemental distribution, and pore size distribution were varied to analyze the mechanism of the effects.The results show that with an increase in SiO_(2) content from 3.51 wt%to 7.18 wt%, compressive strength decreases from 3150 N/pellet to 2100 N/pellet and reducibility decreases from 76.5% to 71.4%.The microstructure showed that pellets with high SiO_(2) content contained more magnetite in the mineralogical structures.Additionally, some liquid phases appeared, which hindered the continuous crystallization of hematite.Also, the softening–melting properties of the pellets clearly deteriorated as the SiO_(2) content increased.With increasing SiO_(2) content, the temperature range of the softening–melting zone decreased, and the maximum differential pressure and the comprehensive permeability index increased significantly.When acid oxidized pellets are used as the raw materials for blast furnace smelting, it should be combined with high basicity sinters to improve the softening–melting behaviors of the comprehensive charge.

骶神经刺激的研究进展

骶神经刺激(sacral nerve stimulation,SNS)是一种微创治疗方法,最初主要用于治疗急迫性尿失禁等泌尿系统疾病,后逐渐用于治疗大便失禁、慢性便秘等消化系统疾病.SNS主要通过脉冲发生器发出电脉冲信号,通过直接或者间接的方式刺激骶神经,调节膀胱、尿道、肛门和结直肠的神经反射,改善异常的神经调节,以达到治疗的效果.骶神经的调节常利用插入骶骨椎管S2-4(多为S3)的电极进行,通过脊髓反射和脊髓上反射的复杂调控来改善症状,其确切机制尚不明了,但已有多项研究结果表明,SNS在泌尿系统和消化系统的多种疾病的治疗中发挥了关键性作用.本文针对SNS的研究进展展开综述.

Effect of H2 addition on process of primary slag formation in cohesive zone

Based on the technology of gas-injection blast furnace(BF),the characteristics of primary slag formation with H2 addition were researched.The results indicate that,compared with traditional BF,the primary melt is formed at a lower temperature,which promotes the deformation of the solid burden particles.With the increase in temperature and H2 content,the quantity of formed melt containing FeO decreases sharply,corresponding to the crystallization of solid 2CaO Si02 during reduction.A wider softening range and narrower melting zone could be found in the gas-injection BF with a higher reduction potential.The permeability of burden layer is ameliorated as a result of decreased melt quantity.The influence of H2 on the high-temperature properties of burden is not so conspicuous when the H2 addition is from 10 to 15 vol.%against 5 to 10 vol.%.What is more,the slag shows a better liquidity with the decrease in basicity,owing to the transformation of melt composition from a primary phase field with high melting point to that with low melting point.The process of slag forming in gas-injection BF is characterized by earlier melt formation,less primary slag,higher melting temperature,better permeability and better liquidity,and the phase compositions of primary slag are close to those of final slag.

Computational Insights into Interactions between Ca Species and α-Fe_2O_3(001)

CaC12 can be sprayed onto sinter surface, which can improve the low temperature reduction degradation index （RDI＋3.15） of sinter. This has been recognized; however, there are various opinions on the inhibition mechanism of it. At the same time, the corrosion of C1 element on equipment is very serious. First-principle calculations based on density functional theory were performed to investigate the binding mechanisms of calcium species on a a-Fe2 03 （0 0 1） surface. This is crucial in demonstrating the role of the CaC12 on improving the low temperature reduction degrada tion index. It has been determined that C1 could greatly increase the adsorption of the vacuum layer for the Ca/Fe2 03 system and the relaxation produced by adsorption made bond length decrease, bond energies increase and structure compact. Those are the main reasons that inhibiting the reduction disintegration of sinter.

Phosphorus Capacity of CaO-SiO_2-Al_2O_3-MgO-Fe_xO Slag

CaO-SiO2-Al2O3-MgO-Fex O slag occurs in the production process of Corex ironmaking technology. Most of its metallurgical properties, especially the phosphorus property, are different from the slag produced from blast furnace or converter. In order to explore the dephosphorization ability of CaO-SiO2-Al2O3-MgO-Fex O slag, its phosphorus capacity was measured at 1673 K by gas-slag-metal equilibrium technique. An iron crucible was used as the reaction vessel, Ag alloy with 0.2 % P was used as the metal phase which equilibrated with CaO-SiO2-Al2O3-MgO-Fex O slag, and a constant flow of CO-CO2-N2 gas was used to provide oxygen partial pressure in the experi- ment. The effects of MgO, Fex O and basicity on slag phosphorus capacity were investigated by single factor test. The results show that the phosphorus capacity rises firstly and then decreases with increasing MgO content under the condition of basicity 1.3, Fe2 O content of 20% and A12 03 content of 12%. The phosphorus value reaches maximum as the MgO content is 8%. When the basicity of slag is 1.1, MgO content is 10%, and Al2O3 is 12%, the phos- phorus capacity increases with the increase of Fe, O content. The phosphorus capacity rises linearly when the basicity is increased from 1.1 to 1. 5.

Formation of Hearth Sediment during Vanadium Titano-magnetite Smelting in Blast Furnace No.7 of Chengde Iron and Steel Company

The large quantity of sediment produced in the hearth during vanadium titano-magnetite smelting in a blast furnace（BF） affects the stability of the blast furnace operation. Testing and analysis of the sediment in the hearth of Chengde Iron and Steel Company？s BF No.7 revealed that it was mainly concentrated in the location below the tuyere and above the iron notch. Notably, some of the bonding material（sediment） consisted of greater than 50% pig iron, and the pig iron distributed in the slag was granular. It is proposed that a large quantity of Ti C and Ti（C,N） are deposited on the surface of the pig iron. These high melting point materials mix with iron drops, preventing the slag from flowing freely, thus leading to the formation of bonding materials. In addition, the viscosity and melting temperature of the slag in the tuyere areas fluctuate greatly, and thus the properties of the slag are unstable. Moreover, the slag contains large quantities of carbon, which results in the reduction of Ti O2. The resultant precipitation of Ti is followed by the formation of Ti C in the slag, which also leads to an increase in the viscosity of the slag and difficulty in achieving separation of the slag-iron. In fact, all of these factors interact with each other, and as a result, sediment is formed when the operating conditions in the hearth fluctuate.