Maillard reaction affecting immunobinding activity and digestibility of tropomyosin in Alectryonella plicatula food matrix

In recent years,the allergy rate of oysters has surged,and daily food processing methods make it hard to reduce heat resistance and digestive allergy such as tropomyosin(TM).In this study,the Maillard reaction with xylose significantly reduced the IgE binding capacity of Alectryonella plicatula food matrix(AFM),that reduced by(77.81±2.68)%.The study found the Maillard reaction changes the structure of the AFM,in which the content ofα-helix decreased by(24.64±1.46)%.Structural transformation further explains why the Maillard reaction alters the immunobinding activity of AFM.In addition,the Maillard reaction reduces the digestive stability of the AFM and makes TM in the A.plicatula food matrix Maillard reaction products(AFM-MRPs)more easily digested.Based on the above research,10 amino acids on the 7 IgE epitopes of TM were modified.This result indicates that the Maillard reaction reduces the immunobinding activity of the AFM by changing the structure and modifying the amino acids on the epitope.

Enhanced identification and localization of metabolites in Scutellariae Radix using ion mobility enabled MALDI-Q-TOF/MS imaging

Unraveling the distribution of metabolites in traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)provides direct indications for understanding their regulatory and functional basis,which is of paramount significance for better utilization and quality control of medicinal plants[1].Recently,imaging techniques such as near-infrared spectroscopy,Raman spectroscopy,and mass spectrometry(MS)were explored to reveal the spatial context of component accumulation and localization[2,3].

靶点穿刺法在幕上脑出血微创穿刺置管引流术中的应用研究

目的探索靶点穿刺法在幕上脑出血微创穿刺置管引流术中穿刺的精准性和有效性。方法收集2020年1月1日至2024年5月31日在本研究作者所在医院接受微创穿刺治疗的患者,根据手术记录信息收集靶点穿刺法手术组患者52例和传统穿刺法手术组患者46例,评价穿刺准确性和血肿引流效果,通过格拉斯哥量表(Glasgow coma scale,GCS)、改良的脑出血分级量表(intracerebral hemorrhage grading scale,ICH-GS)、脑出血功能转归评分量表(intracerebral hemorrhage function outcome scale,ICH-FOS)评分评估临床效果及患者预后。结果靶点穿刺法手术组置管与血肿中心距离更短、残余血肿量更少、ICH-GS评分提高(P<0.05),GCS和ICH-FOS评分虽有改善,但无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论靶点穿刺法定位精准,引流效果良好,简单易于掌握,适用于非标准颅脑CT扫描的血肿定位穿刺且没有专用定位工具的医院。

Enrichment Characteristics, Occurrence and Origin of Valuable Trace Elements in Lignite from Linchang Coal Mine, Guangxi, China

To evaluate the comprehensive exploitation and utilization values of coal resources in Baise basin of Guangxi, the Paleogene coal of Linchang coal mine were sampled and studied. The enrichment characteristics, occurrence modes, and geochemical origin of valuable trace elements in coal were studied by using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope-energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (SEM-EDS), polarizing microscope, X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF), inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and atomic fluorescence spectrometry (AFS). The results reveal that Linchang coal is ultra-low calorific value lignite with high ash, medium sulfur, medium-high moisture and medium volatilization. The minerals are mainly composed of illite, kaolinite, quartz, pyrite, siderite, bassanite, anhydrite and magnesium-containing calcite. Compared with average values for world low-rank coals, the contents of valuable trace elements in Linchang coal are higher on the whole, which is characterized by the high enrichment of U, the enrichment of elements Li, V and Ag, and the slight enrichment of elements Be, Ga and Se. Lithium, V, Ga and Ag mainly occur in clay minerals including illite and kaolinite, and part of V is related to organic matter. The carriers of Be in coal are clay minerals and organic matter. Selenium is mainly combined with organic matter and a small amount exists in pyrite. Uranium is primarily organically bound in coal. The enrichment of valuable trace elements in Linchang coal is influenced by the sedimentary source, coal-forming environment, underground circulating water and geological structure. The sedimentary environment of the coal seam is an acid-reduced terrestrial peat swamp, and the source is Triassic sedimentary rocks weathered from feldspathic volcanic rocks around Baise basin.

铁氧体永磁辅助同步磁阻电机多目标优化设计

铁氧体永磁辅助同步磁阻电机具有高效、高转矩密度、高性价比等优点,然而其转子结构复杂,多物理场综合优化设计困难。本文基于拉丁超立方采样方法,建立径向基函数神经网络代理辅助模型以考虑永磁辅助同步磁阻电机非线性、非周期性指标特性对优化效果的影响,再利用NSGA-II算法对电机电磁效率、转矩脉动和材料成本等进行多目标优化设计。基于该模型,以一台15 kW、1500 r/min的铁氧体永磁辅助同步磁阻电机为例,分析了转子肋宽、空气层占比等因素对电机转子强度、转矩等特性的影响,得到了以效率、转矩脉动、力学性能和成本综合性能最优的电机设计方法,为同类型电机设计提供重要参考。最后对铁氧体永磁辅助同步磁阻电机样机的效率、转矩进行实验测试,通过将优化设计结果和实验结果对比,验证了该优化设计方法的有效性和准确性。

The potential combinational immunotherapiesfor treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma

The treatment choices available for hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)are limited and unsatisfactory.Recent improvements in our understanding of the mechanism involving immune checkpoints,including programmed cell death protein 1(PD1),programmed death-ligand 1(PD-L1),and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4(CTLA-4),and also progress in the development of medicines make immunotherapy a promising approach to the treatment of numerous cancers,especially HCC.However,around 40%of patients still suffer from a progressive disease when treated with a monotherapy.Several clinical trials applying a combination therapy including immune checkpoint inhibitors have demonstrated the durable antitumor activity of these approaches in HCC patients.These clinical trials were done with the intent of evaluating the safety of these combination therapies,as well as whether they help improve the overall survival of patients.This study reviewed the recent progress in the use of combination therapies including immunotherapy in treating patients with HCC.

A Novel Method for PIT Effects Based on Plasmonic Decoupling

A tunable dual-band stop-band THz spectrum can be realized in a hybrid structure, which consists of metal nanoribbon arrays clad by graphene nanoribbons. Dual-band spectra can be controlled separately by the nanoribbon width ω and graphene chemical potential μ_c. We explain that two local plasmonic modes excited at graphene ribbons belong to different gratings, which uncouple with each other by electro-magnetic shielding of the metal ribbons. Furthermore, plasmonic induced transparent(PIT) effects can also be realized by making the two transmission notches close to each other, with better performance than the PIT system based on plasmonic coupling,such as with a larger extinction radio and a tunable transparency window.

Enhancing undulation of soft robots in granular media:A numerical and experimental study on the effect of anisotropic scales

Generating efficient locomotion in granular media is important,although it is difficult for robots.Inspired by the fact that sand vipers usually have saw-like scales,in this study,we design a soft undulation robot with tangential anisotropic friction to enhance the undulation performance of soft robots in granular media.A mathematical model was derived and numerical simulations were conducted accordingly to investigate the effectiveness of tangential friction anisotropy for undulation gait generation in granular media.In particular,we introduce a pseudo-rigid-body dynamics model consisting of links and joints while simulating the pneumatic actuation method to more closely approximate the response of soft robots.Moreover,a soft snake-like robot was fabricated,and its forward and reverse undulations were compared in two sets of controlled experiments.The consistency between the experimental results and the numerical simulations confirms that tangential anisotropic friction induces a propulsive effect in undulation,thereby increasing the robot's locomotion speed.This discovery provides new insights into the design of undulation robots in granular environments.2024 The Author(s).Published by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Shandong University.This is an open access articleunder the CCBY license(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

Research and development of new neodymium laser glasses

This work presents a brief introduction on three kinds of newly developed Nd^(3+)-doped laser glasses in Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics(SIOM), China. Two Nd^(3+)-doped phosphate glasses with lower thermal expansion coefficient and thermal shock resistance 4 times higher than that of N31 glass are developed for laser processing.Nd:Silicate and Nd:Aluminate glasses with peak emission wavelength at 1061 and 1065 nm, effective emission bandwidth of 34 and 50 nm, respectively, are developed for Exawatt-class laser system application. Fluorophosphate glasses with low nonlinear refractive index(n_2=0.6–0.86) and long fluorescence lifetime(430–510 μs) are investigated for the purpose of decreasing B integral in high-power laser system. The properties of all these glasses are presented and compared with those of commercial neodymium laser glasses.

Comparison of Different Periodontal Healing of Critical Size Noncontained and Contained Intrabony Defects in Beagles

Background： Regenerative techniques help promote the formation of new attachment and bone filling in periodontal detects. However, the dimensions of intraosseous defects are a key determinant of periodontal regeneration outcomes. In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of use of anorganic bovine bone （ABB） graft in combination with collagen membrane （CM）, to facilitate healing ofnoncontained （1-wall） and contained （3-wall） critical size periodontal defects. Methods： The study began on March 2013, and was completed on May 2014. One-wall （7 mm × 4 mm） and 3-wall （5 mm × 4 mm） intrabony periodontal defects were surgically created bilaterally in the mandibular third premolars and first molars in eight beagles. The defects were treated with ABB in combination with CM （ABB ＋ CM group） or open flap debridement （OFD group）. The animals were euthanized at 8-week postsurgery for histological analysis. Two independent Student＇s t-tests （1-wall [ABB ＋ CM] vs. 1-wall [OFD] and 3-wall [ABB ＋ CM] vs. 3-wall [OFD]） were used to assess between-group differences. Results： The mean new bone height in both 1- and 3-wall intrabony defects in the ABB ＋ CM group was significantly greater than that in the OFD group （1-wall： 4.99± 0.70 mm vs. 3.01 ± 0.37 mm, P 〈 0.05; 3-wall： 3.11±0.59 mm vs. 2.08± 0.24 mm, P 〈 0.05）. The mean new cementum in 1-wall intrabony defects in the ABB ＋ CM group was significantly greater than that in their counterparts in the OFD group （5.08 ±0.68 mm vs. 1.16 ± 0.38 mm; P 〈 0.05）. Likewise, only the 1-wall intrabony defect model showed a significant difference with respect to junctional epithelium between ABB ＋ CM and OFD groups （0.67 ±0.23 mm vs. 1.12 ± 0.28 mm, P 〈 0.05）. Conclusions： One-wall intrabony defects treated with ABB and CM did not show less periodontal regeneration than that in 3-wall intrabony defect. The noncontained l-wall intrabony defect might be a more discriminative defect model for further research into periodontal regeneration.

Multifunctional tubular carbon nanofibers/polyurethane electromagnetic wave absorber with room-temperature self-healing and recyclable performance

Incorporating self-healing and recyclable capabilities into microwave absorbing materials is expected to facilitate the life extension,cost reduction,and performance stability,thereby meeting the practical applications.In this research,a recycling and room-temperature self-healing electromagnetic wave(EMW)absorber is designed,in which linear polyurethane cross-linked by aromatic disulfide bonds is used as healable matrix,and tubular carbon nanofibers(TCNFs)are employed to attenuate microwave.The resultant composites with a TCNFs content of 7 wt.%harvest a minimum reflection loss(RLmin)of−39.0 dB and an effective absorption bandwidth(EAB)of 2.9 GHz at a matching thickness of 4.0 mm.Driven by the reversible dynamic bonds including hydrogen bonds and aromatic disulfide bonds,the high healing efficiency of 88.7%at 25°C and 93.2%at 60°C is presented.Impressively,even after three repairing cycles at room temperature,a healable efficiency of 86.4%is acquired,and RLmin can still reach−39.1 dB at the same thickness,together with an EAB of 3.0 GHz.Additionally,the results of solvent recycling experiment manifest that the recycled specimen achieves the almost similar mechanical and microwave dissipation properties as original one.These attractive characteristics make the designed self-healing and recyclable composites promising for next-generation EMW consumption devices.

Determination of the Bioaccessibility of Cadmium in Golden Thread by Physiologically Based Extraction Test Digestion Using the in vitro/Caco2 Cell Model and Subsequent Risk Assessment

Background:The ingestion of golden thread contaminated with heavy metals through the food chain leads to detrimental effects to human health.During digestion,not all of the heavy metals could be released to the gastrointestinal tract and readily to be absorbed by human body.Thus,bioaccessibility is an important issue in health risk assessments.Aims and Objectives:The aims and objectives of this study were to investigate the bioaccessibility of Cd in golden thread and assess the associated health risks based on the exposure to bioaccessible Cd.Materials and Methods:Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(ICP-MS)has been applied to determine the Cd content in golden thread.Physiologically based extraction test(PBET)digestion was performed in the in vitro/Caco2 cell model to investigate the bioaccessibility of Cd in golden thread.Furthermore,the target hazard quotient(THQ)was used to assess the risks of the total and the bioaccessible content of Cd in golden thread.Results:The results revealed that the total Cd content in six batches of golden thread ranged from 3.203 to 5.723 mg/kg.After uptake by Caco2 cells,the bioaccessibility of Cd ranged from 42.36%to 59.73%.The results of the risk assessment indicated that prior to uptake by Caco2 cells,the THQ values of Cd for all batches of golden thread were greater than 1.However,after uptake by Caco2 cells,the THQ values of Cd in all samples were less than 1,thus suggesting that the risks were at a safe level.Conclusion:This study was the first to perform health risk assessment with bioaccessible heavy metals present in traditional Chinese medicine by PBET digestion using an in vitro/Caco2 cell model,thus enabling us to obtain more accurate and objective results while allowing us to avoid unnecessary government intervention and to establish more reasonable limit standards for heavy metals.

Analytic models for organic field-effect transistors based on exponential and power mobility models

The fundamental I-V formula of an organic field effect transistor(OFET)is improved to overcome the divergence of the integrand,so it is very convenient for both numerical calculations and analytic derivations.The analytic I-V formulae are derived based on the exponential mobility model and power-function mobility model,respectively,and the derived analytic formulae are applied to three OFET devices.The results calculated from the reformulated analytic I-V formulae taking in exponential and power function mobility models are all in good agreement with the experimental I-V data.The parameters μ_(0) and γ that are extracted from the mobility model and fitted by experimental data show simple Arrhenius temperature dependence and inverse linear relationship with temperature,respectively.These findings are very useful for practical applications and device simulations.

Embodying rather than encoding:Towards developing a source-filter theory for undulation gait generation

Biological undulation enables legless creatures to move naturally,and robustly in various environments.Consequently,many kinds of undulating robots have been developed.However,the fundamental mechanism of biological undulation gait generation has not yet been well explained,which hinders deepening the investigation and optimization of these robots.Towards developing a theory for explaining this biological behavior,which will further guide the design of artificial undulation systems,we propose a hypothesis based on both biological findings and previous robotics studies.To verify the hypothesis,we investigate embodied intelligence of undulation locomotion via a mechanical system.Through experimental study,we observe the phenomenon that undulation gait is a production of the source,which is the torque inputs,and the filter,which is the natural dynamics of the system.We further derive a general mathematical model and conduct morphological computation accordingly.From a simple model to a complicated system,our work explores the principles of undulation gait generation.Our findings significantly simplify the control system design of artificial undulating systems.