基于双向对比训练的中文故事结尾生成模型

中文故事结尾生成(SEG)是自然语言处理中的下游任务之一。基于全错误结尾的CLSEG(Contrastive Learning of Story Ending Generation)在故事的一致性方面表现较好。然而,由于错误结尾中也包含与原结尾文本相同的内容,仅使用错误结尾的对比训练会导致生成文本中原结尾正确的主要部分被剥离。因此,在CLSEG基础上增加正向结尾增强训练,以保留对比训练中损失的正确部分;同时,通过正向结尾的引入,使生成的结尾具有更强的多样性和关联性。基于双向对比训练的中文故事结尾生成模型包含两个主要部分:1)多结尾采样,通过不同的模型方法获取正向增强的结尾和反向对比的错误结尾;2)对比训练,在训练过程中修改损失函数,使生成的结尾接近正向结尾,远离错误结尾。在公开的故事数据集OutGen上的实验结果表明,相较于GPT2. ft和深层逐层隐变量融合(Della)等模型,所提模型的BERTScore、METEOR等指标均取得了较优的结果,生成的结尾具有更强的多样性和关联性。

Boosting Electrochemical Urea Synthesis via Constructing Ordered Pd–Zn Active Pair

Electrochemical co-reduction of nitrate(NO_(3)^(-))and carbon dioxide(CO_(2))has been widely regarded as a promising route to produce urea under ambient conditions,however the yield rate of urea has remained limited.Here,we report an atomically ordered intermetallic pallium-zinc(PdZn)electrocatalyst comprising a high density of PdZn pairs for boosting urea electrosynthesis.It is found that Pd and Zn are responsible for the adsorption and activation of NO_(3)^(-)and CO_(2),respectively,and thus the co-adsorption and co-activation NO_(3)^(-)and CO_(2) are achieved in ordered PdZn pairs.More importantly,the ordered and well-defined PdZn pairs provide a dual-site geometric structure conducive to the key C-N coupling with a low kinetical barrier,as demonstrated on both operando measurements and theoretical calculations.Consequently,the PdZn electrocatalyst displays excellent performance for the co-reduction to generate urea with a maximum urea Faradaic efficiency of 62.78%and a urea yield rate of 1274.42μg mg^(-1) h^(-1),and the latter is 1.5-fold larger than disordered pairs in PdZn alloys.This work paves new pathways to boost urea electrosynthesis via constructing ordered dual-metal pairs.

氮硼掺杂碳量子点/异氰酸酯型微胶囊复合整理 棉织物及其防紫外线性能

为提高棉织物的防紫外线性能及其耐水洗性能,采用氮硼掺杂碳量子点(BN-CQDs)和异氰酸酯型微胶囊对棉织物进行喷涂-干燥-辗轧-干燥整理,在辗轧过程中微胶囊中芯材异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯与棉织物表面的羟基和碳量子点表面的羟基、羧基或者氨基进行反应,将碳量子点固定于棉织物表面,且微胶囊的壁材聚氨酯形成涂层。对微胶囊的粒径、分散情况、棉织物结构、防紫外线性能及其耐久性进行了表征和检测。结果表明:经过BN-CQDs与异氰酸酯型微胶囊混合溶液整理后的棉织物相较于原织物其紫外线防护系数(UPF)有较大提升,UPF值最高达到36,UVA和UVB透过率低至2.57%和2.29%,比原棉织物的UPF值提高了207.7%;整理后的织物经过水洗20次,其UPF值仍达32,表现出较好的耐水洗性能。

Contamination and human health risk assessment of heavy metal(loid)s in topsoil and groundwater around mining and dressing factories in Chifeng,North China

Chifeng is a concentrated mining area for non-ferrous metal minerals,as well as a key prevention and control area for heavyduty enterprises.This situation necessitates an efective ecological and human health risk assessment of heavy metal(loid)s driven by the wide distribution of metal ore processing,mining,and smelting factories in Hexigten Banner and Bairin Left Banner.We conducted surveys to assess the levels of heavy metal(loid)s(Cr,As,Pb,Cd,and Hg)in the topsoil and groundwater of the areas.The results indicated that the concentrations of As,Cd,and Pb in partial soil samples exceeded the environmental quality standards of Grade II.Based on contamination assessments,such as geoaccumulation indices and pollution indices,we inferred that Cd,Pb,and As were primary pollutants in topsoil.Potential ecological risks when considered as part of the average risk indices(RI)are up to 1626.40 and 2818.76,respectively,in the two areas.Comparative analysis revealed that Cd posed a very high potential ecological risk,followed by As.Moreover,the evaluation showed that the three exposure pathways of carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risk followed a descending order:inhalation>ingestion>dermal contact,except for Pb.Arsenic in topsoil posed a potential non-carcinogenic risk to human health,while there were no adverse efects of As in groundwater.In addition,the average total carcinogenic risk for As in the two areas,as well as the risk of Pb in the topsoil of Bairin Left Banner and all the fve heavy metal(loid)s in groundwater,exceeded human tolerance.Pb–Zn mines caused higher human health risks.In addition,the tandem contamination of heavy metal(loid)s in soil and groundwater was not obvious.This research study provides a basis for pollution remediation to control heavy industry-induced ecological and health risks of heavy metal(loid)s.

Integration of pore structure modulation and B,N co-doping for enhanced capacitance deionization of biomass-derived carbon

Biomass-derived carbon has demonstrated great potentials as advanced electrode for capacitive deionization(CDI),owing to good electroconductivity,easy availability,intrinsic pores/channels.However,conventional simple pyrolysis of biomass always generates inadequate porosity with limited surface area.Moreover,biomass-derived carbon also suffers from poor wettability and single physical adsorption of ions,resulting in limited desalination performance.Herein,pore structure optimization and element co-doping are integrated on banana peels(BP)-derived carbon to construct hierarchically porous and B,N co-doped carbon with large ions-accessible surface area.A unique expansionactivation(EA)strategy is proposed to modulate the porosity and specific surface area of carbon.Furthermore,B,N co-doping could increase the ions-accessible sites with improved hydrophilicity,and promote ions adsorption.Benefitting from the synergistic effect of hierarchical porosity and B,N co-doping,the resultant electrode manifest enhanced CDI performance for NaCl with large desalination capacity(29.5 mg g^(-1)),high salt adsorption rate(6.2 mg g^(-1)min^(-1)),and versatile adsorption ability for other salts.Density functional theory reveals the enhanced deionization mechanism by pore and B,N co-doping.This work proposes a facile EA strategy for pore structure modulation of biomass-derived carbon,and demonstrates great potentials of integrating pore and heteroatoms-doping on constructing high-performance CDI electrode.

表面喷雾N,N-二甲基乙酰胺/水-浸没沉淀相转化法制备PVDF多孔膜的结构和性能

在刮制的聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)铸膜液上喷雾N,N-二甲基乙酰胺/水(DMAc/H_(2)O)混合溶液进行表面凝胶,随后将表面凝胶的液膜浸入凝固浴中使沉淀相转变成PVDF多孔膜。考察了喷雾溶液中DMAc的体积分数(φ(DMAc))对平板PVDF多孔膜结构和性能的影响。结果显示,随着φ(DMAc)增加,膜上表面的β晶含量逐渐减少,α晶含量逐渐增多,但是膜总体的结晶度逐渐增加,孔隙率和平均孔径先增加后减小。通过扫描电镜观察,喷雾了DMAc/H_(2)O混合溶液的PVDF膜上表面为多孔皮层,且随着φ(DMAc)的增加,上表面球形晶粒逐渐增加,断面由指状大孔结构转变为海绵状孔结构。当喷雾中φ(DMAc)=30%时,膜的水通量和牛血清白蛋白(BSA)截留率达到最大。

硫化黑染色棉织物的臭氧脱色动力学分析及性能表征

采用臭氧对硫化黑染色棉织物进行脱色处理,对脱色反应的动力学过程进行分析,并对脱色后的棉织物结构和力学性能进行表征,结果表明,硫化黑染色棉织物的臭氧脱色过程遵循准二级动力学方程,其过程比硫化黑染料溶液的臭氧脱色过程要复杂,臭氧不仅与染料分子发生作用,也会与纤维上基团发生作用;由电镜图可以看出,随着臭氧处理时间的延长,纤维表面的细纹会增多,80min后会出现剥离性斑块,臭氧处理后织物的拉伸强力下降,断裂伸长率几乎不变,其干摩擦牢度均强于湿摩擦牢度,干摩擦牢度一般在4~5级之间,湿摩擦牢度一般在3~4级之间。

无机及分析化学“价值塑造-能力培养-知识传授”三位一体教学模式探索

针对“无机及分析化学”课程教学中存在的问题,我们构建了“价值塑造-能力培养-知识传授”三位一体的新型教学模式。通过开展课程思政,采用线上线下多元化教学方法,培养学生的综合实践能力。调查结果显示,“三位一体”新型教学模式的改革教学效果较好,在开拓学生视野,提高学生积极性方面具有重要意义,有望进一步推广和实施。“三位一体”新型教学模式有效地提高了“无机及分析化学”课程的教学质量,为“无机及分析化学”的教学改革提供了参考。

基于混合模型的钢轨检测识别方法

为了改善我国现有钢轨检测识别方法准确性和鲁棒性不高以及弯轨拟合较差等问题,提出一种基于直线-曲线混合模型的钢轨检测识别算法。首先对图像进行预处理,调整滞后阈值进行Canny边缘检测。采用累计概率Hough变换对直轨检测并完成近远视场的划分以及消失点的确定。对近视场直轨采用直线模型拟合,根据其检测结果对远视场进行循环线性近似获取钢轨特征点,并根据钢轨灰度特征进行验证,采用最小二乘法完成曲线拟合。直线-曲线模型的切换根据制定的规则完成。实验结果表明,提出的算法检测正确率为90.1%,适用于不同环境的场景,具有较好的鲁棒性。

磁光复合纳米药物载体的制备及表征综合型教学实验设计与实践

设计了磁光复合纳米药物载体的制备及表征研究型实验,并通过大学生创新实验的形式对该教学内容进行了初步实践。实践结果表明,该实验方案合理,实验过程不仅可以加深学生对基础知识和基本理论的理解,而且能够引导学生将相关学科知识相互交叉、灵活应用,有助于培养学生的科研兴趣、实践能力与创新思维。

High-yield production of non-layered 2D carbon complexes:Thickness manipulation and carbon nanotube branches for enhanced lithium storage properties

Non-layered two-dimensional(2 D)carbon complexes manifest great potential in energy-related applications owing to their exotic electronic structures,large electrochemically active surface,and intriguing synergistic effects.However,reliable method for mass production and thickness manipulation of 2 D carbon complexes remains great challenges.Here,inspired by blowing chewing gum into bubbles,a“tailored gel expanding"strategy is proposed for high-yield synthesis of non-layered 2 D carbon complexes with tailored thickness from~12 nm to~1 lm,by controllable pyrolysis of metal-polymeric gel with adequate crosslinking degree.The key feature for thickness manipulation is introducing NH4 NO3 in sol-gel process,which tailors the expansion behavior of gel precursor during subsequent pyrolysis.Various of 2 D sheets with intimately coupled N,O-doped carbon(NOC)and Ni Co-based(Ni Co,(Ni Co)S_(2),(Ni Co)Se_(2),Ni Co_(2)O_(4),(Ni Co)(PO_(3))_(2))nanocrystals are obtained on a large scale and without any impurities.Moreover,these 2 D products are branched with in-situ grown CNTs on the surface,accelerating electrons transfer and preventing the nanosheets from stacking.As a demonstration,the 2 D(Ni Co)S_(2)/NOC with optimized thickness manifests excellent lithium storage properties in both half and full cells.This method paves a new path for massive and controlled production of non-layered 2 D materials with tailored thickness and robust structure stability for energy-related applications.

非酒精性脂肪性肝病肝纤维化与甲状腺激素的研究进展

目前,非酒精性脂肪性肝病(Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease,NAFLD)是全国乃至世界最常见的慢性肝病,估计全世界的患病率为25%。一项预测性研究指出,NAFLD不是一种良性及静止的病变,它可发展为不可逆的肝损害,其中肝纤维化的发生率约高达25%,所以肝纤维化也被认为是患有非酒精性脂肪性肝病的患者评估预后的最重要预测指标之一。NAFLD的发生和发展通常发生在葡萄糖和脂质代谢的严重紊乱和能量稳态的失调的情况下,而甲状腺激素是能量稳态的关键调节剂,对脂质和葡萄糖代谢有显著的直接作用。故本文将就非酒精性脂肪性肝病肝纤维化与甲状腺激素的关系作一综述。

Chemically Induced Bioremediation of Heavy MetalContaminated Sewage-irrigated Soils in Tianjin Municipality

Festuca arundinacea L.was planted in sewage-irrigated soils from the sewage irrigation regions of Tianjin.Different concentrations of nitrilotriacetic acid（NTA）and sodium dodecylsulphate（SDS）were applied in bioremediation of Cd,Cu and Zn in sewage irrigation regions.According to the results,under the treatment of 15 mmol/kg NTA＋1 mmol/kg SDS,the concentrations of Cd and Zn reached the highest in shoots of F.arundinacea,which were 3.03 and 9.28 times over that in control,respectively;the concentrations of Cd and Zn in roots of F.arundinacea displayed the same trend as shoots.The combined addition of surfactant SDS and chelator NTA significantly increased Cd concentration in F.arundinacea,but the effect was not significant on Cu enrichment.Considering comprehensively the biomass,bioaccumulation effect and economic cost,it is economical and effective to remediate heavy metal-contaminated sewage-irrigated soils with 5mmol/kg NTA＋1 mmol/kg SDS or 10 mmol/kg NTA＋1 mmol/kg SDS.

Constructing hierarchical arrays with core-shell metal oxides@metal coordination polymers for efficient and stable overall water splitting

Developing non-precious metal-based bifunctional electrocatalysts capable for both hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)and oxygen evolution reaction(OER)is essential to achieve efficient water electrolysis for mass hydrogen production,however it remains challenging.Here,we report the synthesis of hierarchical nanorod arrays comprising core-shell structured P-doped NiMoO4@NiFe-coordination polymer(denoted as P-NiMoO4@NiFeCP)as bifunctional electrocatalysts for water electrolysis.Furthermore,we systematically investigate the influence of NiFeCP shell thickness on electrocatalytic activity,manifesting the presence of strong interfacial synergetic effect between P-NiMoO4 and NiFeCP for boosting both the HER and OER.With advantageous hierarchical architectures and unique core-shell structures,optimized P-NiMoO_(4)@NiFeCP-7.3(7.3 is the shell thickness in nm)requires overpotentials of merely 256 and 297 mV to yield a current density of 1000 mA·cm^(−2)for the HER and OER in 1 M KOH,respectively.More importantly,it can serve as a bifunctional electrocatalyst for efficient and sustainable overall water electrolysis,delivering large current densities of 500 and 1000 mA·cm^(−2)at low cell voltages of 1.804 and 1.865 V,along with high stability of over 500 h at 1000 mA·cm−2,demonstrating the great potential of this electrocatalyst towards practical applications.

微波辅助下通过Fe/O2催化C—H键官能团化合成喹啉-2-甲醛类化合物（英文）

在微波辅助下成功开发了一种由Fe3+/O2催化一锅法合成喹啉-2-甲醛类化合物的方法.以2-甲基喹啉为原料, O2为醛基中氧的合成子,得到一系列底物适应性较广的喹啉-2-甲醛类化合物,产率48%~80%.初步机理研究表明,该反应可能经历了一个自由基历程.此方法具有操作简便、反应时间短、选择性好等优点.

The Genome of Dendrobium officinale Illuminates the Biology of the Important Traditional Chinese Orchid Herb

Dendrobium officinale Kimura et Migo is a traditional Chinese orchid herb that has both ornamental value and a broad range of therapeutic effects. Here, we report the first de novo assembled 1.35 Gb genome se- quences for D. officinale by combining the second-generation Illumina Hiseq 2000 and third-generation PacBio sequencing technologies. We found that orchids have a complete inflorescence gene set and have some specific inflorescence genes. We observed gene expansion in gene families related to fungus symbiosis and drought resistance. We analyzed biosynthesis pathways of medicinal components of D. officinale and found extensive duplication of SPS and SuSy genes, which are related to polysaccharide generation, and that the pathway of D. officinale alkaloid synthesis could be extended to generate 16- epivellosimine. The D. officinale genome assembly demonstrates a new approach to deciphering large complex genomes and, as an important orchid species and a traditional Chinese medicine, the D. officinale genome will facilitate future research on the evolution of orchid plants, as well as the study of medicinal components and potential genetic breeding of the dendrobe.

A column system for modeling bentonite slurry infiltration in sands

Pressurized bentonite slurry is applied on a tunnel face to form a filter cake to stabilize the tunnel face when the slurryshield excavates through the sandy soil. Failure of the tunnel face may be caused by a high permeable filter cake, which commonlyhas a long penetration distance of slurry in sands. A column system with a height of 680 mm and a diameter of 300 mm was de-veloped to model pressurized slurry infiltration in sands. Pressure transducers were installed to estimate the hydraulic conductivityof the filter cake during slurry infiltration. The electrical conductivity of the leachate of collected samples was measured. Resultsshow that the majority of fine particles in slurry are within the range 100-300 mm into the sand specimen. The time for forming animpermeable filter cake is about 300 s, which indicates the impermeable filter cake is hard to form during the excavation.

老年高剂量四价流感病毒裂解疫苗的研究

目的评估老年高剂量四价流感病毒裂解疫苗（A＋B套苗）的免疫原性。方法采用江苏金迪克生物技术有限公司研发的四价流感病毒裂解疫苗，以小鼠为动物模型进行免疫原性试验，测定各组抗血凝素抗体滴度，比较高剂量A＋B套苗与其他组疫苗的免疫原性差别。结果血凝抑制试验结果表明，高剂量单次免疫组对四型抗原的血凝抑制滴度均高于标准剂量单次免疫组；高剂量A＋B套苗的研究中，除高剂量先B苗后A苗组中抗A3的血凝素抗体滴度未显著增加外，其他各组高剂量两次免疫组血凝素抗体滴度均显著高于标准剂量两次免疫组（P〈0.001）。同时发现，不论高剂量还是标准剂量的A＋B套苗组中，先B苗后A苗组中抗A型的血凝素抗体滴度明显高于先A苗后B苗组；先A苗后B苗组中，抗B型的血凝素抗体滴度明显高于先B苗后A苗组。在高剂量A＋B套苗两次免疫时间的间隔对抗血凝素抗体产生的影响试验中，7 d与10 d免疫间隔的免疫效果优于3 d。结论高剂量四价老年流感疫苗（A＋B套苗）分两次注射、免疫间隔7～10 d的方式免疫效果最好，在流感季节可根据A型和B型流感病毒流行监测结果，选择或改变先A苗后B苗或先B苗后A苗使用程序，以增加对人群的保护，是预防老年流感的新方法。

小夹板固定与石膏固定治疗桡骨远端骨折的临床疗效对比

目的对比手法整复小夹板固定与石膏外固定治疗桡骨远端骨折的临床疗效。方法选择2015年9月~2017年9月我院骨科收治的桡骨远端骨折患者60例,随机分成小夹板组与石膏外固定组,各30例。所有患者采用手法整复,小夹板组应用小夹板固定,石膏外固定组采用石膏固定,观察两组患者患肢掌倾角、尺偏角和桡骨高度及腕关节功能情况。结果 60例患者均获得随访,随访时间6~24个月。末次随访X线片显示,小夹板组患者掌倾角、尺偏角和桡骨高度恢复情况均优于石膏外固定组患者,组间比较,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);小夹板组患者手术优良率93.33%,高于石膏外固定组的76.66%,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论手法整复小夹板固定治疗桡骨远端骨折较石膏外固定临床疗效好更优,小夹板复位丢失发生情况低于石膏外固定,肿胀消退、骨折愈合后功能优于石膏固定。

单向免疫扩散测定四价流感病毒裂解疫苗中两种B型血凝素含量

目的四价流感病毒裂解疫苗在三价疫苗中新增一个谱系的B型血凝素抗原,单向免疫扩散法(singleradial immunodiffusion,SRID)是否能准确测定四价疫苗中两种谱系的B型血凝素抗原含量。方法采用江苏金迪克生物技术有限公司研制的四价流感病毒裂解疫苗,运用SRID进行测定。结果在正常检测范围内(10~40μg/ml)比较标准品抗原对照、单价样品、B1+B2单价样品的血凝素测定值差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。在10~160μg/ml检测范围内分别以三价苗和固定浓度30μg/ml的B型血凝素为基质稀释待测的另一B型血凝素,与该B型不同稀释度的单一血凝素测定结果进行比较,以测定两种B型流感血凝素有无互相干扰。在流感疫苗血凝素检测范围10~40μg/ml之内时,检测的血凝素含量与沉淀环直径呈正比关系(决定系数R^2=0.998),而在10~160μg/ml检测范围内,三元线性回归方程拟合度最高(决定系数R^2=0.999)。结论单向免疫扩散法检测B1和B2毒株的血凝素抗原在10~40μg/ml和10~160μg/ml范围内和存在其他三种血凝素或另一B型血凝素时,均未见互相干扰。