可切除非小细胞肺癌新辅助免疫治疗的进展

可切除非小细胞肺癌(non-small cell lung cancer, NSCLC)是一种潜在可治愈性疾病。尽管外科手术仍然是可切除NSCLC的主要治疗手段,但仍有部分患者术后出现局部复发和远距离转移。因此,为改善长期生存效果术前术后辅助治疗可能仍有必要。免疫检查点抑制剂已经临床试验证实其治疗效果,目前已被批准用于转移性NSCLC或部分III期局部晚期NSCLC的一线或二线使用。免疫治疗在晚期肺癌的显著疗效使研究者开始关注免疫治疗是否用于可切除非小细胞肺癌中的新辅助治疗。本文对免疫治疗作为可切除非小细胞肺癌的新辅助治疗的研究进行综述。

Optimization of the OCO-2 Cloud Screening Algorithm and Evaluation against MODIS and TCCON Measurements over Land Surfaces in Europe and Japan

A method to tighten the cloud screening thresholds based on local conditions is used to provide more stringent schemes for Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2(OCO-2)cloud screening algorithms.Cloud screening strategies are essential to remove scenes with significant cloud and/or aerosol contamination from OCO-2 observations,which helps to save on the data processing cost and ensure high quality retrievals of the column-averaged CO2 dry air mole fraction(XCO2).Based on the radiance measurements in the 0.76μm O2A band,1.61μm(weak),and 2.06μm(strong)CO2 bands,the current combination of the A-Band Preprocessor(ABP)algorithm and Iterative Maximum A Posteriori(IMAP)Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy(DOAS)Preprocessor(IDP)algorithm passes around 20%-25%of all soundings,which means that some contaminated scenes also pass the screening process.In this work,three independent pairs of threshold parameters used in the ABP and IDP algorithms are sufficiently tuned until the overall pass rate is close to the monthly clear-sky fraction from the MODIS cloud mask.The tightened thresholds are applied to observations over land surfaces in Europe and Japan in 2016.The results show improvement of agreement and positive predictive value compared to the collocated MODIS cloud mask,especially in summer and fall.In addition,analysis indicates that XCO2 retrievals with more stringent thresholds are in closer agreement with measurements from collocated Total Carbon Column Observing Network(TCCON)sites.

Dynamic responses of a piezoelectric cantilever plate under high-low excitations

In this paper,the nonlinear dynamic responses of a piezoelectric cantilever plate near the first-order and second-order natural frequencies under the action of electromechanical coupling are studied by experiments and finite element(FE)methods.The influence of different excitation frequencies on the dynamical characteristics of piezoelectric cantilever plates is analyzed with the fixed excitation amplitude.First,an experimental setup is built,including a carbon fiber cantilever plate attached to a macro fiber composite(MFC)sheet.Then,the electromechanical coupling excitations are subjected to the plate with different frequencies,which are chosen near the first and second-order natural frequencies of the plate.The piezoelectric cantilever plate has periodical motions under a lower frequency excitation,and the motions of the plate become more complex after another high frequency excitation added in the physical field.The experimental results show that the motion of the piezoelectric cantilever plate changes from stable to unstable with high-low coupled resonant frequencies.At last,the FE study is carried out to compare and verify the experimental results and the effects of isotropic and orthotropic materials on the accuracy of natural frequencies results are also compared.

Development of China’s first space-borne aerosol-cloud high-spectral-resolution lidar:retrieval algorithm and airborne demonstration

Aerosols and clouds greatly affect the Earth’s radiation budget and global climate.Light detection and ranging(lidar)has been recognized as a promising active remotesensing technique for the vertical observations of aerosols and clouds.China launchedits first space-borne aerosol-cloud high-spectral-resolution lidar(ACHSRL)on April 16,2022,which is capable for high accuracy profiling of aerosols and clouds around theglobe.This study presents a retrieval algorithm for aerosol and cloud optical propertiesfrom ACHSRL which were compared with the end-to-end Monte-Carlo simulationsand validated with the data from an airborne flight with the ACHSRL prototype(A2P)instrument.Using imaging denoising,threshold discrimination,and iterative reconstructionmethods,this algorithm was developed for calibration,feature detection,and extinction coefficient(EC)retrievals.The simulation results show that 95.4%of thebackscatter coefficient(BSC)have an error less than 12%while 95.4%of EC have anerror less than 24%.Cirrus and marine and urban aerosols were identified based on theairborne measurements over different surface types.Then,comparisons were madewith U.S.Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization(CALIOP)profiles,ModerateresolutionImaging Spectroradiometer(MODIS),and the ground-based sun photometers.High correlations(R>0.79)were found between BSC(EC)profiles of A2P andCALIOP over forest and town cover,while the correlation coefficients are 0.57 for BSCand 0.58 for EC over ocean cover;the aerosol optical depth retrievals have correlationcoefficient of 0.71 with MODIS data and show spatial variations consistent with thosefrom the sun photometers.The algorithm developed for ACHSRL in this study can bedirectly employed for future space-borne high-spectral-resolution lidar(HSRL)and itsdata products will also supplement CALIOP data coverage for global observations ofaerosol and cloud properties.