Low-Voltage IGZO Field-Effect Ultraviolet Photodiode

In the era of Internet of Things(Io Ts),an energy-efficient ultraviolet(UV)photodetector(PD)is highly desirable considering the massive usage scenarios such as environmental sterilization,fire alarm and corona discharge monitoring.So far,common self-powered UV PDs are mainly based on metal-semiconductor heterostructures or p–n heterojunctions,where the limited intrinsic built-in electric field restricts further enhancement of the photoresponsivity.In this work,an extremely low-voltage field-effect UV PD is proposed using a gatedrain shorted amorphous IGZO(a-IGZO)thin film transistor(TFT)architecture.A combined investigation of the experimental measurements and technology computer-aided design(TCAD)simulations suggests that the reverse current(ⅠR)of field-effect diode(FED)is highly related with the threshold voltage(Vth)of the parental TFT,implying an enhancement-mode TFT is preferable to fabricate the field-effect UV PD with low dark current.Driven by a low bias of-0.1 V,decent UV response has been realized including large UV/visible(R_(300)/R_(550))rejection ratio(1.9×10^(3)),low dark current(1.15×10^(-12)A)as well as high photo-to-dark current ratio(PDCR,~10^(3))and responsivity(1.89 A/W).This field-effect photodiode provides a new platform to construct UV PDs with well-balanced photoresponse performance at a low bias,which is attractive for designs of large-scale smart sensor networks with high energy efficiency.

The gradual subduction-collision evolution model of Proto-South China Sea and its control on oil and gas

This study involved outcrop,drilling,seismic,gravity,and magnetic data to systematically document the geological records of the subduction process of Proto-South China Sea(PSCS)and establish its evolution model.The results indicate that a series of arc-shaped ophiolite belts and calcalkaline magmatic rocks are developed in northern Borneo,both of which have the characteristics of gradually changing younger from west to east,and are direct signs of subduction and collision of PSCS.At the same time,the subduction of PSCS led to the formation of three accretion zones from the south to the north in Borneo,the Kuching belt,Sibu belt,and Miri belt.The sedimentary formation of northern Borneo is characterized by a three-layer structure,with the oceanic basement at the bottom,overlying the deep-sea flysch deposits of the Rajang–Crocker group,and the molasse sedimentary sequence that is dominated by river-delta and shallow marine facies at the top,recording the whole subduction–collision–orogeny process of PSCS.Further,seismic reflection and tomography also confirmed the subduction and collision of PSCS.Based on the geological records of the subduction and collision of PSCS,combined with the comprehensive analysis of segmented expansion and key tectonic events in the South China Sea,we establish the“gradual”subduction-collision evolution model of PSCS.During the late Eocene to middle Miocene,the Zengmu,Nansha,and Liyue–Palawan blocks were separated by West Baram Line and Balabac Fault,which collided with the Borneo block and Kagayan Ridge successively from the west to the east,forming several foreland basin systems,and PSCS subducted and closed from the west to the east.The subduction and extinction of PSCS controlled the oil and gas distribution pattern of southern South China Sea(SSCS)mainly in three aspects.First,the“gradual”closure process of PSCS led to the continuous development of many large deltas in SSCS.Second,the deltas formed during the subduction–collision of PSCS controlled the development of source rocks in the basins of SSCS.Macroscopically,the distribution and scale of deltas controlled the distribution and scale of source rocks,forming two types of source rocks,namely,coal measures and terrestrial marine facies.Microscopically,the difference of terrestrial higher plants carried by the delta controlled the proportion of macerals of source rocks.Third,the difference of source rocks mainly controlled the distribution pattern of oil and gas in SSCS.Meanwhile,the difference in the scale of source rocks mainly controlled the difference in the amount of oil and gas discoveries,resulting in a huge amount of oil and gas discoveries in the basin of SSCS.Meanwhile,the difference of macerals of source rocks mainly controlled the difference of oil and gas generation,forming the oil and gas distribution pattern of“nearshore oil and far-shore gas”.

Research on Plant Species Identification Based on Improved Convolutional Neural Network

Plant species recognition is an important research area in image recognition in recent years.However,the existing plant species recognition methods have low recognition accuracy and do not meet professional requirements in terms of recognition accuracy.Therefore,ShuffleNetV2 was improved by combining the current hot concern mechanism,convolution kernel size adjustment,convolution tailoring,and CSP technology to improve the accuracy and reduce the amount of computation in this study.Six convolutional neural network models with sufficient trainable parameters were designed for differentiation learning.The SGD algorithm is used to optimize the training process to avoid overfitting or falling into the local optimum.In this paper,a conventional plant image dataset TJAU10 collected by cell phones in a natural context was constructed,containing 3000 images of 10 plant species on the campus of Tianjin Agricultural University.Finally,the improved model is compared with the baseline version of the model,which achieves better results in terms of improving accuracy and reducing the computational effort.The recognition accuracy tested on the TJAU10 dataset reaches up to 98.3%,and the recognition precision reaches up to 93.6%,which is 5.1%better than the original model and reduces the computational effort by about 31%compared with the original model.In addition,the experimental results were evaluated using metrics such as the confusion matrix,which can meet the requirements of professionals for the accurate identification of plant species.

飞秒激光小切口角膜基质透镜取出术后眼压波动的范围与校正

目的:探讨低、中、高度近视患者飞秒激光小切口角膜基质透镜取出术(SMILE)后正常眼压(IOP)波动范围的变化,探索术后眼压(IOP_(post))校正的新方法。方法:前瞻性病例研究。纳入2018-03/2019-09在青岛大学附属医院接受SMILE治疗的近视患者79例158眼,分为低度近视(A)、中度近视(B)和高度近视(C)组。24h眼压采用非接触式眼压计(NCT)和Goldmann眼压计(GAT)测量。记录术前3d和术后6mo等效球差(SE)、中央角膜厚度(CCT)、角膜横径(WTW)、角膜曲率、角膜体积(CV)、中央3mm直径范围内角膜体积(CCV_(3mm))与CV之比、切削CV(△CV)与CV的比值。统计分析术后NCT测量值(NCT_(post))与各因素的相关性,并通过分阶段多元线性回归分析建立IOP_(post)表达模型。结果:NCT和GAT测得的眼压无差异(P>0.05),但3组眼压有差异(P<0.05)。NCT的IOP_(post)范围:A组为8~17mmHg,B组为7~16.3mmHg,C组为7.7~14.3mmHg。GAT的IOP_(post)范围为8~17mmHg。IOP_(post)的昼夜波动范围<6mmHg。IOP_(post)双眼差值为0~4mmHg。建立分阶段多元回归模型:NCT_(post)校正(A)=0.349×NCT_(post)+4.137×CCV_(pre3mm)-1.533;NCT_(post)校正(B)=0.477×NCT_(post)+3.643×CCV_(post3mm)-1.125;NCT_(post)校正(C)=0.638×NCT_(post)+3.426×CCV_(post3mm)-0.716。结论:SMILE术后NCT和GAT测得的眼压均低于术前。患者手术前后角膜体积变化率越大,术后眼压值越低。中央3mm直径范围内角膜体积是评价SMILE术后眼压的重要指标,从而指导术后用药。

Genome-wide identification and analysis of the DREB genes and their expression profiles under abiotic stresses in Chinese jujube(Ziziphus jujuba Mill.)

CBF/DREB proteins play a critical role in abiotic stress-mediated gene expression and represent attractive regulons for plant breeding programs.However,no study has been conducted for CBF/DREB protein-related genes in jujube(Ziziphus jujuba Mill.).In this study,twenty-five ZjDREB genes were identified and annotated from the jujube(Z.jujuba‘Dongzao’)genome.Detailed analysis,including gene classification,annotation,phylogenetic evaluation,conserved motif determination and expression profiling were performed on all genes.Phylogenetic analysis showed that ZjDREB proteins were divided into five subgroups(A1–A5),but lacking a subgroup A6 corresponding to AtDREBs.The ZjDREB genes were distributed in nine of twelve chromosomes in the genome.Additionally,the expression patterns of the DREB genes under different abiotic stresses were investigated using q RT-PCR.Nineteen ZjDREB genes were down-regulated under low temperature,in contrast six ZjDREB genes(01,03,05,11,23 and 24)were up-regulated.Under drought,salinity and high temperature conditions,expression of ZjDREB03,09,10,14,15,17 and 20 genes were induced and showed similar expression patterns,suggesting that various stress conditions share common elements in the signaling pathway.The results suggest that the family of DREB genes play an important role in abiotic stresses in jujube,and provide a foundation for further functional studies of this important class of transcriptional regulators.

HRM: H-tree based reconfiguration mechanism in reconfigurable homogeneous PE array

In order to accommodate the variety of algorithms with different performance in specific application and improve power efficiency,reconfigurable architecture has become an effective methodology in academia and industry.However,existing architectures suffer from performance bottleneck due to slow updating of contexts and inadequate flexibility.This paper presents an H-tree based reconfiguration mechanism(HRM)with Huffman-coding-like and mask addressing method in a homogeneous processing element(PE)array,which supports both programmable and data-driven modes.The proposed HRM can transfer reconfiguration instructions/contexts to a particular PE or associated PEs simultaneously in one clock cycle in unicast,multicast and broadcast mode,and shut down the unnecessary PE/PEs according to the current configuration.To verify the correctness and efficiency,we implement it in RTL synthesis and FPGA prototype.Compared to prior works,the experiment results show that the HRM has improved the work frequency by an average of 23.4%,increased the updating speed by 2×,and reduced the area by 36.9%;HRM can also power off the unnecessary PEs which reduced 51%of dynamic power dissipation in certain application configuration.Furthermore,in the data-driven mode,the system frequency can reach 214 MHz,which is 1.68×higher compared with the programmable mode.

Comparative transcriptome analysis identifies differentially expressed genes between normal and late-blooming Siberian apricot

Blooming date is an important trait in fruit tree species.Although several quantitative trait loci confirming blooming date were identified in Prunus spp.,the molecular mechanism underlying it remains unclear.Arising from this,the transcriptomes of normal blooming and lateblooming Siberian apricot(P.sibirica L.)flower buds were analyzed using RNA-seq technology.A total of 68,855 unigenes were de novo assembled,among which 1204 were differentially expressed between normal and late blooming.Gene ontology enrichment analysis revealed that biological processes were enriched with metabolic processes.The catalytic-related gene transcripts between the two types of blooming were significantly changed in the molecular function.Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis showed that 156 genes were successfully annotated and 75 pathways enriched.Genes for gibberellin biosynthesis were up-regulated in normal blooming,whereas abscisic acid degradation-related genes were also up-regulated in normal blooming.Moreover,circadian rhythms related genes including EARLY FLOWERING 4,LATE ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL and CIRCANDIAN CLOCK ASSOCIATED1 were all up-regulated in normal blooming,indicating that circadian rhythms have a very important role in controlling blooming date.Furthermore,zinc finger protein CONSTANS-LIKE 12 was blasted onto the quantitative trait loci region on linkage group 4 in peach.However,changes in the abundance of key flowering genes such as SUPPRESSOR OF OVEREXPRESSION OF CONSTANS 1,FLOWERING LOCU T,LEAFY and FLOWERING LOCUS C were not significantly different,indicating that further investigation should explore the function of these genes on blooming date.The outcomes of this study will provide a valuable platform for further research on the molecular mechanism of blooming date in Prunus.

A two-dimensional air streamer discharge modified model based on artificial stability term under non-uniform electric field at low temperature and sub-atmospheric pressure

In this paper, an improved air discharge fluid model under non-uniform electric field is constructed based on the plasma module COMSOL Multiphysics with artificial stability term, and the boundary conditions developed in the previous paper are applied to the calculation of photoionization rate. Based on the modified model, the characteristics of low temperature subatmospheric air discharge under 13 kV direct current voltage are discussed, including needle-plate and needle-needle electrode structures. Firstly, in order to verify the reliability of the model, a numerical example and an experimental verification were carried out for the modified model respectively. Both verification results show that the model can ensure the accuracy and repeatability of the calculation. Secondly, according to the calculation results of the modified model, under the same voltage and spacing, the reduced electric field under low temperature subatmosphere pressure is larger than that under normal temperature and atmospheric pressure. The high electric field leads to the air discharge at low temperature and sub atmospheric pressure entering the streamer initiation stage earlier, and has a faster propagation speed in the streamer development stage, which shortens the overall discharge time. Finally, the discharge characteristics of the two electrode structures are compared, and it is found that the biggest difference between them is that there is a pre-ionization region near the cathode in the needle-needle electrode structure. When the pre-ionization level reaches 1013 cm-3, the propagation speed of the positive streamer remains unchanged throughout the discharge process, and is no longer affected by the negative streamer. The peak value of electric field decreases with the increase of pre-ionization level, and tends to be constant during streamer propagation. Based on the previous paper, this paper constructs the air discharge model under non-uniform electric field, complements with the previous paper, and forms a relatively complete set of air discharge simulation system under low temperature and sub atmospheric pressure, which provides a certain reference for future research.

A two-dimensional air streamer discharge model based on the improved Helmholtz equation at low temperature and sub-atmospheric pressure

In this paper,an efficient boundary condition is applied to solve the photoionization rate,and a two-dimensional numerical simulation is carried out for the development and propagation of an air streamer at low temperature and sub-atmospheric pressure.The results show that the new boundary condition improves the calculation accuracy,but the influence of photoionization on the streamer discharge process is not obvious.The discharge current in the development of streamer discharge is defined,and the corresponding expression of the positive and negative streamer discharge current is given.The influence of the electric field exceeding the threshold value on the discharge process is preliminarily introduced.In the process of discharge,only the propagation velocity of the streamer is obviously higher than that of normal temperature and pressure,and the trend of the other parameters is basically the same as that described in the previous paper.The above results give us a deeper understanding of the discharge characteristics under low temperature and sub-atmospheric pressure,which has certain significance for the development of aviation and high voltage engineering.

Entinostat影响NK细胞对非小细胞肺癌杀伤作用的体外研究

目的:观察Entinostat对非小细胞肺癌(non-small cell lung cancer,NSCLC)细胞A549和HCC-827表面NKG2D配体表达的影响,比较经Entinostat处理前后A549和HCC-827细胞对NK细胞杀伤作用的敏感性。方法:通过MTT法检测Entinostat对A549和HCC-827细胞增殖的影响,流式细胞术检测NKG2D配体表达的变化,RT-PCR检测配体在mRNA水平的变化,并用ELISA检测细胞培养上清中可溶性MICA的含量。乳酸脱氢酶释放实验检测Entinostat作用后的A549和HCC-827细胞对NK细胞杀伤作用的敏感性。结果:Entinostat对A549和HCC-827细胞的生长抑制作用具有时间-剂量依赖性。以 0.5、1μmol/L Entinostat诱导A549和HCC-827细胞48h后,细胞表面NKG2D配体表达水平升高,MICA和MICB的mRNA转录水平升高。1μmol/L Entinostat提高了A549细胞培养上清中可溶性MICA表达水平。0.5、1μmol/L Entinostat增强了HCC-827细胞对NK细胞杀伤作用的敏感性。结论:Entinostat通过上调NSCLCNKG2D配体的表达,提高NK细胞对NSCLC的杀伤作用,为探讨NSCLC的治疗提供了新的方法和理论依据。

Effects of Drought Stress on Key Enzymes of Carbon Metabolism, Photosynthetic Characteristics and Agronomic Traits of Soybean at the Flowering Stage under Different Soil Substrates

Soybean is an important legume food crop,and its seeds are rich in nutrients,providing humans and animals with edible oil and protein feed.However,soybean is sensitive to water requirements,and drought is an important factor limiting soybean yield and quality.This study used Heinong 84(drought resistant variety)and Hefeng 46(intermediate variety)as tested varieties planted in chernozem,albic,and black soils.The effects of drought stress on the activities of key enzymes in carbon metabolism and photosynthetic characteristics of soybean were studied during the flowering stage,most sensitive to water.(1)The activities of SS-1,6PGDH,and G6PDH enzymes in soybean leaves first increased and then decreased under drought stress.The enzyme activity was the highest under moderate drought stress and weakest in the blank group.(2)Drought stress increased Phi2,PhiNO,and Fm in soybean leaves and reached the highest value under severe drought;with the increase in drought stress,PhiNPQ and Fv/Fm of soybean leaves gradually decreased,reaching the lowest under severe drought.(3)With the increase in drought stress,F0 and Fs of soybean leaves showed a single peak curve,and the maximum was at moderate drought.(4)Correlation analysis showed that F0 was greatly affected by varieties and soil types;Fs,F0,and Fm soil varieties had a great influence,and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters were affected differently under drought stress with different drought degrees.(5)Drought stress changed the agronomic traits and yield of soybean.With the increase of drought degree,plant height,node number of main stem,effective pod number,100-seed weight and total yield decreased continuously.(6)Drought stress affected the dry matter accumulation of soybean.With the increase of drought degree,the dry matter accumulation gradually decreased.Among them,the leaf was most seriously affected by drought,and SD decreased by about 55%compared with CK.Under the condition of black soil,the dry matter accumulation of soybean was least affected by drought.

Effect of Different Nitrogen Fertilizer Application Strategies on Rice Growth and Yield

Nitrogen fertilizer is an important factor for crop production. The N application strategies named as former nitrogen moved backward( FNMB) are tested in three ecological regions to optimize the N application in rice. The dry matter accumulation and distribution,yield and quality are studied to understand the formation of yield and quality of rice under different N application strategies. The result indicates that former nitrogen moved backward( FNMB) can increase tiller number and dry matter accumulation; effective ears and yield can be increased with the increase of fertilization; rational nitrogen application can help to establish scientific group structure,harmonize yield component,and then achieve high ratio of input to output and benefit.

Isolated Microspore Culture and Plant Regeneration of Leaf Mustard(Brassica juncea(L.)Czern.et Coss.)

Isolated micmspore culture was carried out with Brassica juncea to study the effects of sterilization methods, culture period of embryos, hormone formula and the concentration of aetivatod carbon on embryogenesis, and the concentration of NAA on induction of roots. The results showed that the embryogenesis on medi- um subjected to filter sterilization is better than medium subjected to autoclaved sterilization. The embryos cultured for 15 d had the highest plantlat regenexafion rate （52%）. NLN-13 liquid medium including 0. 1mg/L 6-BA and 0.2 g/L activated carbon significantly improved the planflet regeneration rate. 1/2 MS inclu- ding 0.3 mg/L NAA had the highest plantlet regeneration rate （ 100% ）. Key words Brassica juncea ; Isolated micmspore culture ; Embryogenesis ; Planflet regeneration

A Real-time Tracking Method for Magnetism-driven Capsule Robot

In the last decade,significant progress has been made in applying passive capsule endoscopes(CE)to medical diagnostics.However,disadvantages still need to be overcome for better utilization.A major challenge is to actively control the movement of the CE and provide real-time location information.This paper proposes a magnetic tracking method for CE driven by an external magnetic field that is generated by four sets of electromagnetic coils around the CE.The tracking method is based on a magnetic sensor array.The magnetic actuation constitutes three steps.First,the driving current from each coil is obtained according to the control requirement for a certain position and orientation.Second,the magnetic field that is generated by the driving current in the tracking space is estimated according to the magnetic field model.It can also be measured by Hall-effect sensors embedded in the position system.Third,the magnetic field generated by the CE is subtracted from the total magnetic field measured by the sensors,and then the magnetic position algorithm is applied.In the experiments,the positioning error is found to be within5.6 mm and the orientation error is under 8.5°.The proposed localization method would be used for closed-loop control of CE to achieve better and safer performance.

Mobile Robot Path Planningin Dynamic Environments:A Survey

There are many challenges for robot navigation in densely populated dynamic environments.This paper presents a survey of the path planning methods for robot navigation in dense environments.Particularly,the path planning in the navigation framework of mobile robots is composed of global path planning and local path planning,with regard to the planning scope and the executability.Within this framework,the recent progress of the path planning methods is presented in the paper,while examining their strengths and weaknesses.Notably,the recent developed Velocity Obstacle method and its variants that serve as the local planner are analyzed comprehensively.Moreover,as a model-free method that is widely used in current robot applications,the reinforcement learning-based path planning algorithms are detailed in this paper.

Dietary Conjugated Linoleic Acids Arrest Cell Cycle Progression and Prevent Ovarian Cancer Xenografts Growth Suggesting a Trans-10 Cis-12 Isoform Specific Activity

Therapies for treating ovarian cancer (OvCa) successfully are largely inadequate. Alternative therapies and diet(s) with preventive potential to debilitated onset, and reduced OvCa tumor burden in situ, have not been systematically studied. Preventive role of conjugated linoleic acids (CLAs) has been reported in many other cancers. We report the first systematic in vitro and in vivo study modeling potential preventive mechanism(s) of CLA, an octadecadienolic fatty acid in clear cell OvCa cell line TOV-21G. We demonstrate that a dose and time-dependent down-regulation of cyclin E and A proteins (p 0.05) by CLA (t10,c12) was concomitant with cell cycle arrest of TOV-21G cell lines in S phase. To understand the molecular mechanism underlying CLA (t10,c12) induced S phase arrest, levels of cell cycle regulatory proteins were determined by western blot analyses. Exposure to CLA (t10,c12) increased p21(CIP1/WAF1), and p27(KIP1) protein levels in a time and dose-dependent manner. Interestingly CLA (t10,c12) did not significantly affect protein levels of cyclin-dependent kinase (cdk) 2, and p53, however, hyperphosphorylated form of pRb (p 0.05) was abrogated. Exposure to CLA (c9,t11) indicated a modest increase in p21(CIP1/WAF1) and p27(KIP1) levels, but changes in cyclin A and E levels were statistically insignificant. These results indicate that CLA (t10,c12) mediated p27(KIP1) upregulation and inhibition of hyperphosphorylation of ppRb may be the possible mechanism for the S phase arrest in TOV-21G cell line. Our in vivo data showed that CLA reduced the progression of TOV-21G xenografts by >50%. Together our results provide evidence of CLA exerted preventive effect on OvCa cell and tumor growth. Tumor growth arrest may be resultant from CLA (t10,c12) mediated modulation of cell cycle arrest.

Mechanism of Zhenwu Tang in the treatment of diabetic kidney disease based on network pharmacology

Objective:To explore the mechanism of Zhenwu Tang in the treatment of diabetic nephropathy based on network pharmacology.Method:Appling TCMSP database to get the activity of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)in chemical composition of Zhenwu Tang,and get the target,using of Genecards,OMIM,TTD databases to get the disease related target for diabetic nephropathy,providing database using cytoscape3.7.2 construction of TCM-chemical-disease target network diagram,using the String database to get the corresponding target constructing PPI network,DAVID database is used to obtain the corresponding target GO enrichment analysis and KEGG pathway analysis.Results:Get Zhenwu Tang in active ingredients mainly for beta sitosterol,kaempferol,Stigmasterol,hederagenin,3 beta acetoxyatractylone,core targets including TNF,AKT1 and IL6,involved in biological process(BP)including drug reaction,estradiol,lipopolysaccharide,etc.,It is involved in membrane raft,cave-like depression of cell membrane,plasma membrane,extracellular space and other cellular components(CC),and participates in molecular functions(MF)such as enzyme binding,protein homologous dimerization,heme binding,REDOX enzyme activity,etc.,mainly involving Hepatitis B,TNF signaling pathway,pathway in cancer,etc.Conclusion:This study explored the mechanism of Zhenwu Tang in the treatment of diabetic nephropathy with the method of network pharmacology,providing a theoretical basis for further study of the mechanism of Zhenwu Tang in the treatment of diabetic nephropathy.

Review on correlation between MiRNA-192 and the pathogenesis of diabetes and treatment progress of diabetic nephropathy

Diabetic nephropathy is a major microvascular complication of diabetes,and it is one of the most common causes of the development of end-stage renal disease in patients with diabetes.MicroRNA is a kind of non-coding single-stranded small molecule RNA,and miRNA-192 is highly expressed in the kidney and plays an important role in the development of diabetic nephropathy.This article reviews the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy,the mechanism of action of miRNA-192,and the treatment progress of diabetic nephropathy in order to provide new clues for the diagnosis and treatment of diabetic nephropathy.

Manganese oxide and derivative-modified materials in advanced oxidation processes:A review of modification enhancement and activation mechanisms

Manganese oxides(MNO_(x)),as low-toxicity and high-abundance catalysts,have been demonstrated to hold great promise for application in advanced oxidation processes(AOPs).However,further application of this material is restricted due to its unsatisfactory oxidant activation efficiency.Fortunately,recently remarkable research on deep activation mechanisms and modification of MNO_(x)have been undertaken to improve its reactivity.Herein,modification enhancement mechanisms of MNO_(x)to efficiently degrade various organic contaminants were discussed and highlighted,including metal doping,coupling with other metal oxides,composite with carbonaceous material,and compounding with other support.The activation mechanisms of different MNO_(x)and derivative-modified material(such as doped MNO_(x),metal oxide-MNO_(x)hybrids,and MNO_(x)-carbonaceous material hybrids)were summarized in great details,which was specifically categorized into both radical and non-radical pathways.The effects of pH,inorganic ions,and natural organic matter on degradation reactions are also discussed.Finally,future research directions and perspectives are presented to provide a clear interpretation on the MNO_(x)initiated AOPs.

全面实现全球可持续发展目标的黯淡前景和针对性行动

实施《2030年可持续发展议程》的时间框架已经过半,不同国家实现可持续发展目标(SDGs)的进展呈现明显差异.国家分类为提高政策效率和促进联合行动奠定了基础.本研究发展了基于SDGs表现的国家分类,进而分析不同类型国家SDGs间相互作用,比较不同类型国家获得的发展援助与实际需求的匹配情况.根据166个国家17项SDGs的表现可以将其划分为从“可持续发展水平最低但环境良好”到“可持续发展水平高但需要气候行动”的五种类型.这些国家类型中没有一种在所有SDG吐均表现出色,也没有一种能够在当前SDGs相互作用下最终实现所有目标.全球可持续发展的前景不容乐观,凸显了所有国家进行可持续转型的重要性和紧迫性,而优先考虑某些SDGs(如SDG 9,产业、创新和基础设施)是在可持续发展水平较低的国家事半功倍的途径.此外,全球发展援助需要与不同国家需求更加匹配,特别是在教育、能源、环境和供水与卫生等领域.研究明确了不同类型国家实现SDGs的关键机遇与挑战,有助于统筹国家层面相关可持续发展政策、促进更有针对性的国际协作,为推进全球SDGs的全面实现提供科学依据.