Impact of Different Rates of Nitrogen Supplementation on Soil PhysicochemicalProperties and Microbial Diversity in Goji Berry

Goji berry(Lycium barbarum L.)is substantially dependent on nitrogen fertilizer application,which can signifi-cantly enhance fruit yield and Goji berry industrial development in Ningxia,China.This study aimed to analyze the functions of differential nitrogen application rates including low(N1),medium(N2),and high(N3)levels in soil microbial community structure(bacterial and fungal)at 2 diverse soil depths(0-20,20-40 cm)through high-throughput sequencing technology by targeting 16S RNA gene and ITS1&ITS2 regions.All the observed physicochemical parameters exhibited significant improvement(p<0.05)with increased levels of nitrogen and the highest values for most parameters were observed at N2.However,pH decreased(p<0.05)gradually.The alpha and beta diversity analyses for bacterial and fungal communities’metagenome displayed more similarities than differences among all groups.The top bacterial and fungal phyla and genera suggested no obvious(p>0.05)differences among three group treatments(N1,N2,and N3).Furthermore,the functional enrichment analysis demonstrated significant(p<0.05)enrichment of quorum sensing,cysteine and methionine metabolism,and transcriptional machinery for bacterial communities,while various saprotrophic functional roles for fungal communities.Conclusively,moderately reducing the use of N-supplemented fertilizers is conducive to increasing soil nitrogen utilization rate,which can contribute to sustainable agriculture practices through improved soil quality,and microbial community structure and functions.

Study on Varieties Combination Suitable for Mutual Pollination of Yan Mountain Chestnut

In order to improve the yield and quality of new varieties Castanea mollissima cv. “Zipo”, Castanea mollissima cv. “Zunyu” and traditional Yan Mountain cultivars Castanea mollissima cv. “Duanci”, Castanea mollissima cv. “Yanhong”, Castanea mollissima cv. “Donglingmingzhu”, an experiment was carried out to study varieties combination that was suitable for their pollination. Fruiting rate and seed-setting rate were used to decide which the most suitable configuration was. The result indicated that: Castanea mollissima cv. “Zunyu” was the best pollination tree for Castanea mollissima cv. “Yanhong”, Castanea mollissima cv. “Zipo” and Castanea mollissima cv. “Duanci”;Castanea mollissima cv. “Duanci” was regarded as the best pollination tree for Castanea mollissima cv. “Zunyu”;the best variety to comply with Castanea mollissima cv. “Donglingmingzhu” was Castanea mollissima “Zunyu” and Castanea mollissima cv. “Duanci”;Castanea mollissima cv. “Zunyu” and Castanea mollissima cv. “Duanci” complied with each other best. Appropriate configuration of pollination varieties turned out to be one of the key measures to improve the yield and quality of chestnut, while irrational combination may even bring the reduction of output.

Study on Effect of Different Varieties Configuration upon Yield of Yan Mountain Chestnut

In order to improve the yield and quality of 5 new Castanea mollissima varieties “Zipo”, “Zunyu” and traditional Yan Mountain Castanea mollissima cultivars “Duanci”, “Yanhong” and “Donglingmingzhu”, we carried out an experiment to study effect from different varieties configuration on yield of Yan Mountain chestnut. The result indicated that: cross-pollination had a significant impact on both fruiting rate and seed-setting rate;cross-pollination improved the nut number in each burr of each variety, in which “Duanci” was the biggest beneficiary, whose number of nut per burr increased from 1.08 to 2.77, 156% higher than that of the self-pollination combination;nut weight showed no significant difference in Xenia Effection;“Zunyu” improved the yield of “Yanhong” most;“Donglingmingzhu” was regarded as the best tree to improve “Zunyu”’s yield;the best variety to improve yield of “Zipo” was “Zunyu”;“Donglingmingzhu” and “Duanci” improved yield of each other most.

An Initial Investigation on the Distribution, Living Conditions and Traits of the Hazel in Great Xing’an Ridge Region

To take full advantage of the natural hazel resources and improve its yield and quality in Great Xing’an Ridge region, we carried out an initial investigation. The result showed that: there are two species in this area: Corylus heterophlla and Corylus mandshurica. They mainly distribute from south of XinLin town, HuMa county, Heilongjiang province to south boundary of Great Xing’ an Ridge in mountain and hilly areas. Most of hazel in this area was under the state of natural growth with no scientific man-management. Soil where Corylus heterophlla grew was about 40 cm to 50 cm and Corylus mandshurica was 30 cm to 45 cm. The main plant disease was powdery mildew and insect pest were Curculio dieckmani, Zeuzera sp. and Faust Cockchafer. 100-seed weight of Corylus heterophylla was more than twice of Corylus mandshuria. However, Corylus mandshuria was plumper, had much more kernel and much less empty shell than Corylus heterophylla, and what’s more, shell sickness of it turned to be significantly thinner than Corylus heterophylla, all of which showed great cultivation value and economic commodity value.