Autophagy and apoptosis during adult adipose-derived stromal cells differentiation into neuron-like cells in vitro

β-mercaptoethanol can induce adult adipose-derived stromal cells to rapidly and efficiently differentiate into typical neuron-like cells in vitro. Immunohistochemistry showed that neuron specific enolase and neurofilament-200 expression gradually increased with the extension of induction time, and peaked at 5 hours. By contrast, glial fibrillary acidic protein was negatively expressed at all time points. Induced cells possessed a typical Nissl body, apoptosis showing condensed chromatin in the nucleus, autophagosomes with a bilayered membrane and autolysosomes in the cytoplasm at 5 hours. TUNEL assay and immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence demonstrated that apoptosis and caspase-3 expression increased and peaked at 8 hours. Immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence showed that microtubuleassociated protein light chain 3 gradually increased with induction and reached a peak at 5 hours These results indicate that autophagy played an important role in protecting cells during adult adipose-derived stromal cells differentiation into neuron-like cells in vitro.

Apoptosis is an obstacle to the differentiation of adipose-derived stromal cells into astrocytes

Previous studies have demonstrated that nerve cells differentiated from adipose-derived stro-mal cells after chemical induction have reduced viability;however, the underlying mechanisms remained unclear. In this study, we induced the differentiation of adult adipose-derived stromal cells into astrocytes using chemical induction. 3-（4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl）-2,5-diphenyltetra-zolium bromide assay and flow cytometry showed that, with increasing induction time, the apoptotic rate gradually increased, and the number of living cells gradually decreased. Im-munohistochemical staining demonstrated that the number of glial fibrillary acidic protein-, caspase-3- and caspase-9-positive cells gradually increased with increasing induction time. Transmission electron microscopy revealed typical signs of apoptosis after differentiation. Taken together, our results indicate that caspase-dependent apoptosis is an obstacle to the differentia-tion of adipose-derived stromal cells into astrocytes. Inhibiting apoptosis may be an important strategy for increasing the efifciency of induction.

Constructing the Training Curriculum of Standardized Patients for OSCE Examination for Undergraduate Nursing Students in Shanxi Medical University

Objective: The objective of this study is to construct the simulated patient training curriculum for OSCE examination for undergraduate nursing students and to explore the theoretical and practical foundation. Methods: To establish TSP training curriculum and SSP training curriculum, 30 experts were invited to finish the questionnaires which were proved by Delphi Method. Findings: We established the training curriculum of TSP and SSP, and set the weight of various curricula and teaching contents. Conclusions: The experts considered that the degree and importance of these two training curricula were comparable. This conclusion lays the foundation for applying these curricula to teaching practice and clinical practice, and enhancing the teaching outcome of undergraduate nursing students. Implications: This study provided a new way of assessing the clinic ability of nursing students.

分析化学综合实验:分光光度法测定工业油品加氢脱硫催化剂中镍和钼的含量

针对目前高校开展的分析化学实验内容单一、项目陈旧等问题,将创新综合性实验教学项目引入到课堂教学中,能够增强学生独立思考、主动探索和解决问题的能力。因此,我们设计了包括样品制备、分析测试、数据处理及结果对比等步骤的实验教学方案。该实验以分光光度法测定Ni、Mo金属含量为目的,通过对工业油品加氢脱硫催化剂(Ni-Mo/γ-Al_(2)O_(3))进行制备及金属含量测定,使学生既能了解负载型催化剂制备的常规实验方法,又能掌握分光光度法定量分析技术。

Temporal variations and source apportionment of volatile organic compounds at an urban site in Shijiazhuang, China

Shijiazhuang,the city with the worst air quality in China,is suffering from severe ozone pollution in summer.As the key precursors of ozone generation,it is necessary to control the Volatile Organic Compounds(VOCs)pollution.To have a better understanding of the pollution status and source contribution,the concentrations of 117 ambient VOCs were analyzed from April to August 2018 in an urban site in Shijiazhuang.Results showed that the monthly average concentration of total VOCs was 66.27 ppbv,in which,the oxygenated VOCs(37.89%),alkanes(33.89%),and halogenated hydrocarbons(13.31%)were the main composite on.Eight major sources were identified using Positive Matrix Factorization modeling with an accurate VOCs emission inventory as inter-complementary methods revealed that the petrochemical industry(26.24%),other industrial sources(15.19%),and traffic source(12.24%)were the major sources for ambient VOCs in Shijiazhuang.The spatial distributions of major industrial activities emissions were identified by using geographic information statistics system,which illustrated the VOCs was mainly from the north and southeast of Shijiazhuang.The inverse trajectory analysis using Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory(HYSPLIT)and Potential Source Contribution Function(PSCF)clearly demonstrated the features of pollutant transport to Shijiazhuang.These findings can provide references for local governments regarding control strategies to reduce VOCs emissions.

Combined application of a straw layer and flue gas desulphurization gypsum to reduce soil salinity and alkalinity

Burying a straw layer and applying flue gas desulphurization(FGD)gypsum are effective practices to ameliorate soil salinization or alkalization and to increase crop yield;however,little information exists on the effects of such integration in saline-alkali soils.A soil column experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of a straw layer plus FGD gypsum on soil salinity and alkalinity.We placed a straw layer(5 cm thick)at a depth of 30 cm and mixed FGD gypsum into the 0–20 cm soil layer at application rates of 7.5,15.0,22.5,and 30.0 t ha^-1,with no straw layer and FGD gypsum as a control(CK).The soil water content in the 0–30 cm soil layer was significantly higher(>7.8%)in the treated soil profiles after infiltration than in the CK,but decreased after evaporation.The electrical conductivity(EC)of the 10–30 cm soil layer was 230.2%and 104.9%higher in the treated soil profiles than in the CK after infiltration and evaporation,respectively,and increased with increasing rates of FGD gypsum application,with Ca^2+and SO4^2-being the main dissolved salts.Compared to those in the CK,the concentrations of Na^+,Cl^-,and HCO3-decreased in the treated soil profiles at depths above 55 cm,but the other soluble ions increased,after infiltration.A similar trend occurred after evaporation for all soluble ions except for HCO3-.The p H and exchangeable sodium percentage in the treated soil profiles were significantly lower than those in the CK over the entire profile,and decreased with increasing FGD gypsum application rates.Therefore,the incorporation of a straw layer plus FGD gypsum can reduce salinity and alkalinity,but the quantity of FGD gypsum should be controlled in saline-alkali soils.

An ultra-thin piezoelectric nanogenerator with breathable,superhydrophobic,and antibacterial properties for human motion monitoring

Piezoelectric nanogenerators(PENGs)are promising for harvesting renewable and abundant mechanical energy with high efficiency.Up to now,published research studies have mainly focused on increasing the sensitivity and output of PENGs.The technical challenges in relation to practicability,comfort,and antibacterial performance,which are critically important for wearable applications,have not been well addressed.To overcome the limitations,we developed an all-nanofiber PENG(ANF-PENG)with a sandwich structure,in which the middle poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene(P(VDF-HFP))/ZnO electrospun nanofibers serve as the piezoelectric layer,and the above and below electrostatic direct-writing P(VDF-HFP)/ZnO nanofiber membranes with a 110 nm Ag layer on one side that was plated by vacuum coating technique serve as the electrode layer.As the ANF-PENG only has 91μm thick and does not need further encapsulating,it has a high air permeability of 24.97 mm/s.ZnO nanoparticles in ANF-PENG not only improve the piezoelectric output,but also have antibacterial function(over 98%).The multifunctional ANF-PENG demonstrates good sensitivity to human motion and can harvest mechanical energy,indicating great potential applications in flexible self-powered electronic wearables and body health monitoring.

Comparative transcriptomics revealed enhanced light responses, energy transport and storage in domestication of cassava(Manihot esculenta)

Cassava is a staple food, feed and bioenergy crop important to the world especially in the tropics.Domesticated cassava is characterized by powerful carbohydrate accumulation but its wild progenitor is not.Here, we investigated the transcriptional differences of eight c DNA libraries derived from developing leaf, stem and storage root of cassava cv. Arg7 and an ancestor line,W14, using next generation sequencing system. A total of41302 assembled transcripts were obtained and from these,25961 transcripts with FPKM≥3 in at least one library were named the expressed genes. A total of 2117, 1963 and3584 transcripts were found to be differentially expressed in leaf, stem and storage root(150 d after planting),respectively, between Arg7 and W14 and ascribed to 103,93 and 119 important pathways in leaf, stem and storage root, respectively. The highlight of this work is that the genes involved in light response, such as those for photosystem I(PSA) and photosystem II(PSB), other genes involved in light harvesting, and some of the genes in the Calvin cycle of carbon fixation were specially upregulated in leaf. Genes for transport and also for key rate-limiting enzymes(PFK, PGK and PK, GAPDH)coupling ATP consumption in glycolysis pathway were predominantly expressed in stem, and genes for sucrose degradation(INVs), amylose synthesis(GBSS) and hydrolysis(RCP1, AMYs), the three key steps of starch metabolism, and transport associated with energy translocation(ABC, AVPs and ATPase) and their upstream transcription factors had enhanced expression in storage root in domesticated cassava. Co-expression networks among the pathways in each organs revealed therelationship of the genes involved, and uncovered some of the important hub genes and transcription factors targeting genes for photosynthesis, transportation and starch biosynthesis.

A novel numerical simulation method for predicting compressive properties of 3D multiaxial braided composites considering various defects

This paper reports a novel manufacturing process of preparing the Three-Dimensional Multiaxial Braided Composites(3DMBCs) and the effects of various defects generated in the manufacturing process on the compressive mechanical properties of 3DMBCs through the experimental and numerical methods. The five-step fabrication process of the 3D multiaxial braided preform was firstly introduced in detail. Then, the influences of various defects such as voids, waviness, and fiber breakage defects on the compressive properties of 3DMBCs were discussed. It is found that the fiber breakage defect and waviness defects were the two primary factors on the decrease of compressive properties of 3DMBCs. However, void defects in the resin and interface had little effect on the composites. When the fiber breakage defect content was 25% and the waviness was 7°, the composite compressive modulus decreased by 51%. The progressive damage process and failure mechanism of the composite under 90° compressive loading confirmed the validity of the numerical model by comparing with the experiments.

Solute Redistribution with Shear Flow in Molten Pool of Ni-Cr Alloy

Columnar grain growth with shear flow in molten pool of Ni-Cr alloy was simulated with a coupled model of grain growth and solute transport.The results indicate that shear flow alters solute distribution at the vicinity of columnar grains.The solute concentration gradient on the upstream side is greater,while that on the downstream side is smaller,leading to asymmetrical growth of columnar grains.In the interior of a columnar grain,solute concentration increases from the bottom to the dendrite tip,but the rate of increase tends to be reduced.The simulated results are consistent with the experiments.

Restricted Kac modules for special contact Lie superalgebras of odd type

We consider the simple restricted modules for special contact Lie superalgebras of odd type over an algebraically closed field of characteristic p>3.We give a sufficient and necessary condition in terms of typical or atypical weights for restricted Kac modules to be simple.In the process,we also determine the socle for each restricted Kac module and the length for each simple restricted module.

High-throughput sequencing to evaluate the effects of methamphetamine on the succession of the bacterial community to estimate the postmortem interval

In forensic medical examinations,estimating the postmortem interval(PMI)is an important factor.Methamphetamine(MA)is a synthetic stimulant that is commonly abused,and estimation of the PMI after MA abuse has become one of the main tasks in forensic investigation.Microorganisms play a vital role in carrion decomposition.Analysing the bacterial succession patterns can be used as a forensic tool to estimate the PMI.The present study aimed to analyse bacterial succession changes during the decomposition of MA to estimate the PMI.We analysed bacterial communities in rabbits treated with three different concentrations of MA(0,22.5,and 90 mg/kg)under the natural conditions of 20°C and 70%humidity by sequencing 16S rRNA gene amplicons using the Illumina MiSeq system.We obtained 2374209 high-quality sequences and 2937 operational taxonomic units(OTUs).The relative abundances of the bacterial communities varied markedly in response to different MA concentrations.Interestingly,in response to the different concentrations of MA,Bacteroidetes became disparate in the rectum in the late PMI.Increased numbers of bacterial taxa were identified in the rectum and buccal cavity samples,except at the highest concentration of MA in the rectum samples when PMI was 0-h,than were present in live rabbits.Meanwhile,the PMI correlated significantly with bacterial succession at different taxonomic levels.Our results suggested that bacterial community succession could be used as a“microbial clock”to estimate the PMI in cases of MA-related death;however,further study is required to gain a deeper understanding of this concept.

The First Cohomology of osp(1,2)with Coefficients in Baby Verma Modules and Simple Modules

Over a field of characteristic p>0,the first cohomology of the orthogonal symplectic Lie superalgebra osp(1,2)with coefficients in baby Verma modules and simple modules is determined by use of the weight space decompositions of these modules relative to a Cartan subalgebra of osp(1,2).As a byproduct,the first cohomology of osp(1,2)with coefficients in the restricted enveloping algebra(under the adjoint action)is not trivial.

Nasointestinal tube feeding of platelet-rich plasma cured obscure gastrointestinal bleeding

To the Editor:Obscure gastrointestinal bleeding(OGIB)has been defined as bleeding of unknown origin that recurs or persists after gastroscopy,colonoscopy,enteroscopy,and radiographic testing,andoccurs in approximately5%of patients presenting with_all gastrointestinal hemorrhages.ll The usual course of treatment includes transfusion support,hemostatic medication,endoscopic therapy,vascular embolization,and surgery.Patients with unstable hemodynamics,persistent bleeding,advanced age,increased complications,chronic renal failure,and severe anemia havea poorerprognosis,2 Platelet-rich plasma(PRP)contains growth factors and bioactive proteins that pHroemreo,twe eth ree hpeoartl inag c oafsceu toafn ienocuusr aabnldem OuGcoIBsa tlr edaatmeadg we.itlshi nasointestinal tube feeding of PRP in a renal transplant patient with chronic graft failure.

A bacterial artificial chromosome-based physical map of Manihot esculenta ssp. flabellifolia

Cassava(Manihot esculenta) is known as the third most important food crop in the tropics and also used for industrial feedstock for biofuels. Two new bacterial artificial chromosome(BAC) libraries were constructed for W14(M. Esculenta ssp. flabellifolia), a wild ancestor of domesticated cassava. The libraries were constructed with EcoR I and Hind III insertion vectors, respectively.The EcoR I library has 29952 clones with an average insert size of 115 kb, while the Hind III library consists of 29952 clones with an average insert of 129 kb. The combined libraries contain a total of 59904 clones with an average insert size of 125 kb, representing approximately 10 ?haploid genome equivalents. A total of 29952 clones were fingerprinted and resulted in a cassava physical map composed of 2485 contigs with an average physical length of 336 kb and 2909 singletons, representing approximately762 Mb of the cassava genome. 5000 clones located at the ends of BAC contigs were selected and sequenced. A total of 6077 SNPs and 231 indels were identified, that covered459 gene sequences, of which 6 genes were associated with starch and sucrose metabolism. This BAC-based physical map provides valuable tools to understand the genetics and evolution of cassava.