TGNet:Intelligent Identification of Thunderstorm Wind Gusts Using Multimodal Fusion

Thunderstorm wind gusts are small in scale,typically occurring within a range of a few kilometers.It is extremely challenging to monitor and forecast thunderstorm wind gusts using only automatic weather stations.Therefore,it is necessary to establish thunderstorm wind gust identification techniques based on multisource high-resolution observations.This paper introduces a new algorithm,called thunderstorm wind gust identification network(TGNet).It leverages multimodal feature fusion to fuse the temporal and spatial features of thunderstorm wind gust events.The shapelet transform is first used to extract the temporal features of wind speeds from automatic weather stations,which is aimed at distinguishing thunderstorm wind gusts from those caused by synoptic-scale systems or typhoons.Then,the encoder,structured upon the U-shaped network(U-Net)and incorporating recurrent residual convolutional blocks(R2U-Net),is employed to extract the corresponding spatial convective characteristics of satellite,radar,and lightning observations.Finally,by using the multimodal deep fusion module based on multi-head cross-attention,the temporal features of wind speed at each automatic weather station are incorporated into the spatial features to obtain 10-minutely classification of thunderstorm wind gusts.TGNet products have high accuracy,with a critical success index reaching 0.77.Compared with those of U-Net and R2U-Net,the false alarm rate of TGNet products decreases by 31.28%and 24.15%,respectively.The new algorithm provides grid products of thunderstorm wind gusts with a spatial resolution of 0.01°,updated every 10minutes.The results are finer and more accurate,thereby helping to improve the accuracy of operational warnings for thunderstorm wind gusts.

高性能生物医用聚乳酸/聚己内酯共混物的微型注塑制备及后处理

在熔融共混制备聚乳酸(PLA)/聚己内酯(PCL)共混物的基础上,采用微型注塑先进加工技术结合退火处理的方法,成功制备了高性能的PLA/PCL共混物生物医用微型制品。扫描电子显微镜和小角X射线散射结果表明,微型注塑过程中产生的强大剪切应力场促进了共混物分散相PCL纤维在制品中的原位形成,同时形成了以PCL为纤维晶、PLA为片晶的杂化shish-kebab结构。随后的退火处理进一步完善了体系中形成的PLA片晶,并促成了与PCL纤维之间的互锁结构形成。力学性能测试结果表明,经过退火处理的微型制品表现出更好的韧性,其最大断裂伸长率达到了68.1%,是纯PLA微型注塑制品的7倍。同时,退火处理样品的弹性模量高于纯PLA制品。上述结果表明,微型注塑结合退火处理所得到的PLA/PCL共混物微型制品兼具良好的强度和韧性,为制备高性能可降解的PLA基生物医用微型器件提供了新的方法,具有广阔的应用前景。

主动和被动吸烟对多发性硬化和视神经脊髓炎临床病程的影响

目的:主动吸烟和被动吸烟是常见的环境危险因素,但它们对多发性硬化(MS)和视神经脊髓炎谱系障碍(NMOSD)复发和残疾进展的影响尚无确切结论。多发性硬化和视神经脊髓炎是两种常见的中枢神经系统脱髓鞘疾病,本研究旨在调查主动和被动吸烟对这两种疾病复发和残疾进展的影响。方法:这是一项回顾性队列研究,患者来自四个中心。人口统计学和临床数据从临床数据库中提取,而涉及日常生活中环境暴露、复发和残疾进展的数据通过电话随访访谈获得。Cox比例风险回归模型用于评估复发的影响,多因素线性回归模型用于评估残疾进展。使用Kaplan-Meier生存曲线估计首次发作后五年内患者的复发情况。结果:本研究共纳入130名MS患者和318名NMOSD患者,女性分别占60%和79.6%。有主动吸烟史的MS患者复发风险更高,在控制协变量后,这种关联变得临界显著(aHR=1.52,95%CI=1.00,2.31;p=0.052)。每天吸烟超过10支的患者和每天吸烟少于10支的患者之间复发风险没有统计学差异(aHR=0.96,95%CI=0.63,1.47;p=0.859)。然而,与从未接触过被动吸烟的患者相比,接触被动吸烟与MS复发风险降低相关(aHR=0.75,95%CI=0.56,1.00;p=0.044)。主动吸烟/被动吸烟与NMOSD复发风险之间没有关联,但有吸烟史的患者扩展残疾状态评分EDSS(aβ=-0.20,95%CI=-0.38,-0.01;p=0.036)和多发性硬化严重程度评分MSSS(aβ=-0.23,95%CI=-0.44,-0.03;p=0.028)的年度进展率较低。结论:我们的研究表明,主动吸烟会增加MS的复发风险,并对患者残疾进展有负面影响,应鼓励患者发病后戒烟。

Evaluation of the Clinical Advantages of Laparoscopic Transverse Abdominal Wall Suspension in the Treatment of Pelvic Organ Prolapse

Objective:To evaluate the clinical advantages of laparoscopic transverse abdominal wall suspension in treating pelvic organ prolapse.Methods:Sixty patients diagnosed with moderate to severe pelvic organ prolapse and underwent surgical treatment in our hospital between January 2022 and December 2023 were selected.According to different surgical methods,they were divided into an observation group(given laparoscopic transverse abdominal wall suspension)and a control group(given transvaginal mesh implantation),with 30 subjects/group.The data on perioperative-related indicators,quality of life scores,postoperative recurrence,and complications of the two groups of patients were collected.Results:The postoperative hospitalization days and intraoperative bleeding volume of the observation group were significantly lower than those of the control group,but had longer operation time than that of the control group(P<0.05).The differences between the two groups were statistically significant 6 months after surgery,and the Pelvic Floor Disease Quality of Life Impact Questionnaire(PFIQ-7)score of the observation group was significantly higher than the control group(P<0.05).Both groups of patients completed 12 months of follow-up without any postoperative recurrence.The number of complications in the observation group was slightly lower than that of the control group(P>0.05).Conclusion:Laparoscopic transverse abdominal wall suspension was more effective in treating pelvic organ prolapse and is an ideal surgical procedure.

镁离子电池正极材料研究进展

镁离子电池(MIBs)因镁资源储量丰富、体积能量密度大、金属镁空气中相对稳定等优势,被认为是具有大规模储能应用潜力的电池体系。然而,镁离子较高的电荷密度和较强的溶剂化作用导致其在正极材料中的可逆脱嵌和固-液界面上的离子扩散相当缓慢,严重影响了MIBs的电化学性能。近年来,人们针对MIBs正极材料开展了大量工作,取得了一定进展,但是还存在不少问题。本文先从MIBs体系的特点出发,阐述其优势和目前所面临的主要挑战,然后从无机正极材料和有机正极材料两方面展开,梳理并总结了各类正极材料的局限性及其解决策略,对优化方法和材料性能间的相关性进行归纳和讨论,为今后进一步发展具有优异电化学性能的MIBs正极材料提供可能的参考。

The characteristic and evolution of coal-forming swamp in Hanshuiquan district,Santanghu Coalfield, Xinjiang,NW China,during the Middle Jurassic: evidence from coal petrography,coal facies and sporopollen

Santanghu Coalfield is the largest integrated coalfield exploration area in China. The major coal seams developing in Xishanyao Formation (Middle Jurassic) are the high-quality steam coals characterized by large thickness, favorable horizontal continuity and high coal quality. In this paper, twenty-two samples were collected from the three typical boreholes in Hanshuiquan disirict, representing the 11 coal seam sequences (7#,8#,9#,13#, 14#,15#,17#,18#,19#,20#,22#), respectively. The petrographic characteristics of the coal-bearing sequence in Xishanyao Formation were firstly summarized systematicly, and then the coal-forming swamp characteristics and succession mechanism of the coal seam in Xishanyao Formation were defined by analyzing the samples. The maceral composition, structure, geochemical and geophysical characteristics of coal are in eluded in original genetic criteria of coal-forming swamp an alysis. And the composition of coal petrography, maceral and microlithotype are the most frequently used parameters. Coal is composed of microscopic constituents and inorganic substances. The Xishanyao Formation maceral mainly consists of vitrinite (65.74%-97.01 %), inert i nite (1.93%-34%), and the exinite shows the mode of regular change. The coal-forming swamp in Xishanyao Formation possesses the characteristics of mainly marsh, wet forest swamp facies, and shallow water covered forest swamp facies, and a few of coal seams distribute in the deep water covered forest swamp facies. In addition, the sporopollens in Xishanyao Formation are mainly Pinaceae evergreen broad leaf and needle-leaved plants. Osmundaceae, Cyatheaceae and Lygodiaceae, indicating that the warm and humid tropic-subtropical climate conductive to the persistent growth of coal-forming plants in the Middle Jurassic. The coal-forming swamp shows the characteristics of vertically upward fluctuation through the periodic transition. It indicates a shallow-deep-shallow change process of the water covered depth in the swamp. This is the prin ci pal factor for the formation of the high-quality and continuous coal seam in Hanshuiquan district, Santanghu Coalfield.

Advances in tumor-endothelial cells co-culture and interaction on microfluidics

The metastasis in which the cancer cells degrade the extracellular matrix （ECM） and invade to the sur- rounding and far tissues of the body is the leading cause of mortality in cancer patients, With a lot of advancement in the field, yet the biological cause of metastasis are poorly understood, The microfluidic system provides advanced technology to reconstruct a variety of in vivo-like environment for studying the interactions between tumor ceils （TCs） and endothelial ceils （ECs）. This review gives a brief account of both two-dimensional models and three-dimensional microfluidic systems for the analysis of TCs-ECs co- culture as well as their applications to anti-cancer drug screening, Furthermore, the advanced methods for analyzing cell-to-cell interactions at single-cell level were also discussed,

Enhanced Efficiency of Milk Utilization for Growth in Surviving Low-Birth-Weight Piglets

This study determined effects of birth weights （0.70 to 1.09, 1.10 to 1.49, 1.50 to 1.89, and ≥ 1.90 kg） on the efficiency of milk utilization for growth in sow-reared piglets. One-hundred-sixty piglets from 18 multiparous sows （ Landrace × Large White） were individually weighed immediately after birth （ day 0） and at 7-day intervals for 35 days. Milk consumption of piglets was determined weekly using the weigh-suckle-weigh method. Deaths of piglets were recorded daily. Piglets with the lightest birth weight had the highest incidence of mortality. Birth weights between 0.70 and 1.89 kg were positively as- sociated with average dally gains （ADG, g/day ） during the suckling period （ P 〈 0.01 ）. Compared with piglets having birth weights of 1.50 to 1.89 kg, birth weights ≥ 1.90 kg did not confer any additional benefit on preweaning survival or ADG. Colostrum or milk consumption per kilogram of body weight among low-, normal-, and large-birth-weight piglets did not differ in the first week. At days 14 to 35, milk consumption of piglets （ g/kg BW/day ） increased （e 〈 0. 01 ） but the ratio of gain to milk consumption decreased （ P 〈 0.01 ） progressively, as their birth weights increased from 0.70 to ≥1.90 kg. Additionally, surviving low-birth-weight piglets had a higher relative growth rate （%/day ） than normal-and large-birth- weight piglets. Based on these novel findings, it is imperative that great efforts be made to improve the survival of low-birth-weight piglets so as to increase the efficiency of nutrient utilization by both lactating sows and suckling piglets.

Banxia Xiexin Decoction for patients with peptic ulcer or chronic gastritis infected with Helicobacter pylori

Objective:To compare the effectiveness and safety of Banxia Xiexin Decoction (BXD) as alternative therapy versus standard triple therapy or quadruple therapy for patients with peptic ulcer or chronic gastritis infected with Helicobacter pylori (H.pylori).Methods:Databases including China National Knowledge Infrastructure,Chongqing VIP,Wanfang Database,PubMed,the Cochrane Library and clinicaltrials.gov were searched in December 2018 for relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs).Two authors independently screened and selected studies,extracted data and checked data extraction.Methodological quality was evaluated using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool.Meta-analysis was performed by using RevMan 5.3.5 software.Results:Fourteen RCTs were included in our analysis involving 1300 patients.Thirteen RCTs compared the effects of BXD alone versus standard therapy,11 involving triple therapy and 2 in quadruple therapy.The cure rate for both diseases were higher in the BXD alone group than in the standard therapy group (RR and 95% Cl:1.85 [1.07,3.17] and 1.48 [1.24,1.75],respectively).And also,the same result with effectiveness rate (RR and 95% CI:1.18 [1.08,1.29] and 1.14 [1.08,1.20],respectively).However,there was no significant difference in the clearance of H.pylori one month after treatment,neither compared with quadruple therapy nor triple therapy (RR and 95% CI:1.10 [1.00,1.22] and 1.04 [0.97,1.12],respectively).Adverse events appeared in 3 participants in the BXD group and 26 participants in the conventional therapy group.The quality of the trials included in this review was not very good.Conclusion:BXD has a superior effect to standard conventional therapy in improving clinical symptoms and repair of the mucosal lesion,and a similar effect to standard conventional therapy in clearing H.pylori.We still need good quality trials,especially placebo-controlled trials,in the future to confirm this result.

Hypoxia Inhibits Proliferation of Human Dermal Lymphatic Endothelial Cells via Downregulation of Carcinoembryonic Antigen-related Cell Adhesion Molecule 1 Expression

Objective:Lymphatic endothelial cell(LEC)proliferation is essential for lymphangiogenesis.Hypoxia induces lymphangiogenesis,but it directly inhibits LEC proliferation and the underlying mechanisms have not been fully understood.The aim of this study was to investigate the role of carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 1(CEACAM1)in hypoxia-repressed LEC proliferation.Methods:Human dermal lymphatic endothelial cells(HDLECs)were cultured under normoxic or hypoxic conditions,and cell proliferation was determined using MTT or CCK-8 assays.CEACAM1 expression was silenced by siRNA transfection.Activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases(MAPKs)was examined by Western blotting and blocked by specific inhibitors.Results:Under hypoxia,HDLECs proliferation was suppressed and CEACAM1 expression was downregulated.Silence of CEACAM1 in normoxia inhibited HDLECs proliferation and did not further decrease proliferation in HDLECs in response to hypoxia,suggesting that CEACAM1 may mediate hypoxia-induced inhibition of HDLECs proliferation.In addition,silence of CEACAM1 increased phosphorylation of MAPK molecules:extracellular signal-regulated kinase(ERK),p38 MAPK and Jun N-terminal kinase(JNK)in HDLECs.However,only inhibition of the JNK pathway rescued the reduction of HDLEC proliferation induced by CEACAM1 silence.Conclusion:Our results suggested that hypoxia downregulates CEACAM1 expression by activation of the JNK pathway,leading to inhibition of HDLEC proliferation.These findings may help to understand the mechanisms of LEC-specific response to hypoxia and develop novel therapies for pathological lymphangiogenesis.

Influence of Neighboring Layers on Interfacial Energy of Adjacent Layers

The binding energy and generalized stacking-fault energy (GSFE) are two critical interface properties of two dimensional layered materials, and it is still unclear how neighboring layers affect the interface energy of adjacent layers. Here, we investigate the effect of neighboring layers by comparing the differences of binding energy and GSFE between trilayer heterostructures (graphene/graphene/graphene, graphene/graphene/boron nitride,boron nitride/graphene/boron nitride) and bilayer heterostructures (graphene/graphene,graphene/boron nitride) using density functional theory. The binding energy of the adjacent layers changes from -2.3% to 22.55% due to the effect of neighboring layer, with a very small change of the interlayer distance. Neighboring layers also make a change from -2% to 10% change the GSFE, depending on the property of the interface between adjacent layers. In addition, a new simple expression is proven to describe the GSFE landscape of graphene-like structure with high accuracy.

Progresses on Personalized Nutritional Evaluation and Recommendation

Health is maintained by a state of dynamic homeostasis in which nutrient intake and ex- penditure are of good balance. Therefore, it is important to know exactly the nutritional value of food sources, as well as the nutritional requirements of individuals, in order to achieve optimal nutrition. Considering the interaction between diet and individual back- ground, nutritional evaluation and recommendation has become a complicate issue needing further investigations. While traditional nutrition research has made significant progress in population nutrition, modern nutrition research is now becoming possible to focus on personalized nutrition in health promotion, disease prevention, performance improvement, and risk assessment of individual with the development of emerging omics technologies. This review tried to summarize the methods used in nutritional evaluation and recom- mendation as well as their applications. Though personal nutrition evaluation and recommendation are still not well-established, utilization of these advanced technologies may expand our knowledge in bioavailability and bioefficacy of diet ingredients, pathophysiological changes in response to dietary intervention, as well as nutrition-associated disease biomarkers discovery, and thus contributing to personalized nutrition.

Treatment of refractory H.pylori by Chai Ping Decoction:two case reports

Objectives:Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)infection is one of the most common infections,for which wellestablished medical treatments have been widely used,such as quadruple therapy and sequential therapy.However,some patients still suffer from the infection after multiple treatment.Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)has been widely used to treat the H.pylori infection.Whether the combination of TCM therapy and antibiotic treatment is effective for these patients with repeated infection with H.pylori needs clinical observation.Methods:In this study,we reported two cases with refractory H.pylori infection.One is a 60-yearold Chinese woman with diagnoses of chronic atrophic gastritis and H.pylori infection,who has an uncomfortable feeling in her stomach with a poor appetite,depression and irregular defecations.The other is a Vietnamese woman aged 46,who had abdominal pain for 11 years.We treated the two patients with Chai Ping Decoction,combined with sequential therapy.Results:Both patients had pain relieved and H.pylori infection eradicated after treatment.Conclusion:TCM therapy may eliminate H.pylori infection well with sequential therapy.Based on the TCM theory,the patients who were diagnosed as spleen deficiency and dampness with abdominal uncomfortable symptoms could be well treated.

A coarse grain model of microtubules

This paper proposes a 3-dimensional coarse grain model of microtubules and treats the tubulin monomer as a sphere of multiple patches, with parameters chosen to yield experimental values of bending and stretching stiffness. The model has demonstrated the ability to produce the bistability of tubulin sheets, elastic deformation near the tip, and cracking and peeling of protofilaments. This model is expected to take into account the structural and mechanical aspects underlying the physical mechanism of polymerization/depolymerization and dynamic instability of microtubules.

Tirofiban combined with Aspirin in the Treatment of Acute Penetrating Artery Territory Infarction (STRATEGY): protocol for a multicentre, randomised controlled trial

Background Perforating artery territorial infarction(PAI)caused by branch atheromatous disease(BAD)is prone to recurrence and early progression without an effective and well-documented antiplatelet treatment regimen.Tirofiban,an adjunctive antiplatelet agent,has shown great potential to treat acute ischaemic stroke.However,whether the combination of tirofiban and aspirin can improve the prognosis of PAI remains unclear.Aim To explore an effective and safe antiplatelet regimen for reducing the risk of recurrence and early neurological deterioration(END)in PAI caused by BAD by comparing the tirofiban and aspirin combination with placebo and aspirin combination.Methods Tirofiban combined with Aspirin in the Treatment of Acute Penetrating Artery Territory Infarction(STRATEGY)trial is an ongoing multicentre,randomised,placebo-controlled trial in China.Eligible patients shall be randomly assigned to receive standard aspirin with tirofiban or placebo on the first day and standard aspirin from days 2 to 90.The primary endpoint is a new stroke or END within 90 days.The primary safety endpoint is severe or moderate bleeding within 90 days.Discussion The STRATEGY trial will assess whether tirofiban combined with aspirin is effective and safe in preventing recurrence and END in patients with PAI.Trial registration number NCT05310968.

缺陷工程调控ZnIn_(2)S_(4)纳米片用于增强近红外驱动制氢

近红外(NIR)光驱动水分解产生氢气(H_(2))一直以来都是光催化领域备受关注的问题,但由于其动力学和热力学方面的缺陷,迄今为止仍是一项艰巨的挑战.为了突破这一限制,我们通过简便的水热法设计出了富含硫空位的无贵金属二维(2D)ZnIn_(2)S_(4)-基光催化剂,并首次使用单组分ZnIn_(2)S_(4)-基材料实现了波长大于800 nm的近红外驱动制氢性能.根据价带光谱、紫外-可见-近红外DRS光谱、稳态PL光谱、瞬态光电流响应和EPR表征,我们揭示了存在一个高效的Urbach带尾吸收用于捕获近红外光.硫空位在ZnIn_(2)S_(4)纳米片中的成功构建不仅扩展了光谱吸收范围,而且具有出色的载流子扩散特性和丰富的活性位点.因此,我们的研究结果可能会为未来开发近红外响应的ZnIn_(2)S_(4)-基光催化剂用于实现高效近红外驱动制氢提供一定的指导.

Cotton leaf disease detection method based on improved SSD

In response to the problems of numerous model parameters and low detection accuracy in SSD-based cotton leaf disease detection methods,a cotton leaf disease detection method based on improved SSD was proposed by combining the characteristics of cotton leaf diseases.First,the lightweight network MobileNetV2 was introduced to improve the backbone feature extraction network,which provides more abundant semantic information and details while significantly reducing the amount of model parameters and computing complexity,and accelerates the detection speed to achieve real-time detection.Then,the SE attention mechanism,ECA attention mechanism,and CBAM attention mechanism were fused to filter out disease target features and effectively suppress the feature information of jamming targets,generating feature maps with strong semantics and precise location information.The test results on the self-built cotton leaf disease dataset show that the parameter quantity of the SSD_MobileNetV2 model with backbone network of MobileNetV2 was 50.9%of the SSD_VGG model taking VGG as the backbone.Compared with SSD_VGG model,the P,R,F1 values,and mAP of the MobileNetV2 model increased by 4.37%,3.3%,3.8%,and 8.79%respectively,while FPS increased by 22.5 frames/s.The SE,ECA,and CBAM attention mechanisms were introduced into the SSD_VGG model and SSD_MobileNetV2 model.Using gradient weighted class activation mapping algorithm to explain the model detection process and visually compare the detection results of each model.The results indicate that the P,R,F1 values,mAP and FPS of the SSD_MobileNetV2+ECA model were higher than other models that introduced the attention mechanisms.Moreover,this model has less parameter with faster running speed,and is more suitable for detecting cotton diseases in complex environments,showing the best detection effect.Therefore,the improved SSD_MobileNetV2+ECA model significantly enhanced the semantic information of the shallow feature map of the model,and has a good detection effect on cotton leaf diseases in complex environments.The research can provide a lightweight,real-time,and accurate solution for detecting of cotton diseases in complex environments.

Automated and controlled patch generation for enhanced fixing of communication software vulnerabilities

Software is a crucial component in the communication systems,and its security is of paramount importance.However,it is susceptible to different types of attacks due to potential vulnerabilities.Meanwhile,significant time and effort is required to fix such vulnerabilities.We propose an automated program repair method based on controlled text generation techniques.Specifically,we utilize a fine-tuned language model for patch generation and introduce a discriminator to evaluate the generation process,selecting results that contribute most to vulnerability fixes.Additionally,we perform static syntax analysis to expedite the patch verification process.The effectiveness of the proposed approach is validated using QuixBugs and Defects4J datasets,demonstrating significant improvements in generating correct patches compared to other existing methods.

Ammonium removal pathways and microbial community in GAC-sand dual media filter in drinking water treatment

A GAC-sand dual media filter （GSF） was devised as an alternative solution for drinking water treatment plant to tackle the raw water polluted by ammonium in place of expensive ozone-GAC processes or bio-pretreatments. The ammonium removal pathways and microbial community in the GSFs were investigated. The concentrations of ammonium, nitrite and nitrate nitrogen were monitored along the filter. Total inorganic nitrogen （TIN） loss occurred during the filtration. For 1 mg ammonium removal, the TIN loss was as high as 0.35 mg, DO consumption was 3.06 mg, and alkalinity consumption was 5.55 rag. It was assumed that both nitrification and denitrification processes occur in the filters to fit the TIN loss and low DO consumption. During the filtration, nitritation, nitrification and nitritation-anaerobic ammonium oxidation processes probably occur, while traditional nitrification and denitrification and simultaneous nitrification and denitrification processes may occur. In the GSFs, Nitrosomonas and Nitrospira are likely to be involved in nitrification processes, while Novosphingobium, Comamonadaceae and Oxalobacteraceae may be involved in denitrification processes.

A Simulation System and Speed Guidance Algorithms for Intersection Traffic Control Using Connected Vehicle Technology

In the connected vehicle environment, real-time vehicle-state data can be obtained through vehicle-toinfrastructure communication, and the prediction accuracy of urban traffic conditions can significantly increase.This study uses the C++/Qt programming language and framework to build a simulation platform. A two-way six-lane intersection is set up on the simulation platform. In addition, two speed guidance algorithms based on optimizing the travel time of a single vehicle or multiple vehicles are proposed. The goal of optimization is to minimize the travel time, with common indicators such as average delay of vehicles, average number of stops, and average stop time chosen as indexes of traffic efficiency. When the traffic flow is not saturated, compared with the case of no speed guidance, single-vehicle speed guidance can improve the traffic efficiency by 20%, whereas multi-vehicle speed guidance can improve the traffic efficiency by 50%. When the traffic flow is saturated, the speed guidance algorithms show outstanding performance. The effect of speed guidance gradually enhances with increasing penetration rate, and the most obvious gains are obtained when the penetration rate increases from 10% to 40%. Thus, this study has shown that speed guidance in the connected vehicle environment can significantly improve the traffic efficiency of intersections, and the multi-vehicle speed guidance strategy is more effective than the single-vehicle speed guidance strategy.