The application of single-cell RNA sequencing(scRNA-seq)in biomedical research has advanced our understanding of the pathogenesis of disease and provided valuable insights into new diagnostic and therapeutic strategie...The application of single-cell RNA sequencing(scRNA-seq)in biomedical research has advanced our understanding of the pathogenesis of disease and provided valuable insights into new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.With the expansion of capacity for high-throughput scRNA-seq,including clinical samples,the analysis of these huge volumes of data has become a daunting prospect for researchers entering this field.Here,we review the workflow for typical scRNA-seq data analysis,covering raw data processing and quality control,basic data analysis applicable for almost all scRNA-seq data sets,and advanced data analysis that should be tailored to specific scientific questions.While summarizing the current methods for each analysis step,we also provide an online repository of software and wrapped-up scripts to support the implementation.Recommendations and caveats are pointed out for some specific analysis tasks and approaches.We hope this resource will be helpful to researchers engaging with scRNA-seq,in particular for emerging clinical applications.展开更多
Clinical Ladder Programs is to develop different training programs according to different levels of nurses’management.The purpose is to improve nurses’sense of professional identity,professional and technical capabi...Clinical Ladder Programs is to develop different training programs according to different levels of nurses’management.The purpose is to improve nurses’sense of professional identity,professional and technical capabilities,and determine salary levels,so as to fully mobilize nurses’enthusiasm.This article reviews the current status of the application of Clinical Ladder Programs in clinical nursing around the world,and understands the obstacles and facilitating factors that affect the implementation of Clinical Ladder Programs,in order to provide a reference for establishing a perfect hierarchical nurse training model in China.展开更多
Essential tremor, also referred to as familial tremor, is an autosomal dominant genetic disease and the most common movement disorder. It typically involves a postural and motor tremor of the hands, head or other part...Essential tremor, also referred to as familial tremor, is an autosomal dominant genetic disease and the most common movement disorder. It typically involves a postural and motor tremor of the hands, head or other part of the body. Essential tremor is driven by a central oscillation signal in the brain. However, the corticospinal mechanisms involved in the generation of essential tremor are unclear. Therefore, in this study, we used a neural computational model that includes both monosynaptic and multisynaptic corticospinal pathways interacting with a propriospinal neuronal network. A virtual arm model is driven by the central oscillation signal to simulate tremor activity behavior. Cortical descending commands are classified as alpha or gamma through monosynaptic or multisynaptic corticospinal pathways, which converge respectively on alpha or gamma motoneurons in the spinal cord. Several scenarios are evaluated based on the central oscillation signal passing down to the spinal motoneurons via each descending pathway. The simulated behaviors are compared with clinical essential tremor characteristics to identify the corticospinal pathways responsible for transmitting the central oscillation signal. A propriospinal neuron with strong cortical inhibition performs a gating function in the generation of essential tremor. Our results indicate that the propriospinal neuronal network is essential for relaying the central oscillation signal and the production of essential tremor.展开更多
With the development of power grid, as one of the key equipment, the transformer’s condition assessment method has always receive attention from experts, scholars concern more and more about the method’s practicalit...With the development of power grid, as one of the key equipment, the transformer’s condition assessment method has always receive attention from experts, scholars concern more and more about the method’s practicality and reliability. In the traditional condition assessment method, due to the characteristics of the transformer’s complex structure, the assessment system is not comprehensive enough, or the assessment system is too complex, the indexes are not easy to quantify, such problems are emerging. The traditional method is complex and the degree of quantification is not enough. Therefore it is necessary to propose a condition assessment method that is easy to carry out the condition assessment work and does not affect the assessment results. In this paper, we propose a method to assess the state of the transformer’s complex structure. First, we establish a comprehensive assessment system, then apply the method of principal component analysis to optimize the index system, and then use the theory of cloud-matter-element. Finally the reliability and rationality of the method are verified by an example.展开更多
The naked dinoflagellate Takayama acrotrocha was identified as responsible for a bloom in Shenzhen Bay,Guangdong,China,in early spring 2021.The identification was confirmed by light,scanning,and transmission electron ...The naked dinoflagellate Takayama acrotrocha was identified as responsible for a bloom in Shenzhen Bay,Guangdong,China,in early spring 2021.The identification was confirmed by light,scanning,and transmission electron microscopy and molecular data based on the LSU ribosomal DNA(rDNA)and ITS rDNA sequences.This is the first record of T.acrotrocha bloom in the South China Sea.The sulcus of T.acrotrocha was wide and extended onto the epicone as a short intrusion in general,sometime the intrusion was not apparent and some were finger-like.The apical groove was deeply sigmoid.The nucleus was large,ovoid to cup-shaped and occupied most of the epicone.A large,rounded pyrenoid surrounded by a starch sheath was located at the left side to the centre of the hypocone.Under epifluorescence illumination,a row of large vesicular knobs was observed on the upper border of the cingulum.The intraspecific morphological variabilities in the clonal cultures of T.acrotrocha were investigated carefully.Cells that share the same diagnostic characters used for the description of Takayama xiamenensis such as the finger-like sulcus,a large nucleus located in the epicone and the similar pyrenoid type were observed.The LSU rDNA sequences of T.acrotrocha and T.xiamenensis only differed in 3 base pairs(bp)for a sequence length of 673 bp(with a similarity of 99.55%).For these reasons,we propose T.xiamenensis as a junior synonym of T.acrotrocha.展开更多
Log house is a traditional type of vernacular dwelling in Chinese cold area. It contains distinct regional characteristics and architectural cultures. In recent years,log house has come into vogue softly with the deve...Log house is a traditional type of vernacular dwelling in Chinese cold area. It contains distinct regional characteristics and architectural cultures. In recent years,log house has come into vogue softly with the development of wood techniques. However,log houses expend too much wood materials. There are also many negative aspects of this type of wood building which go against the criteria of energy conservation,and its high prime cost hinders the application as well. To solve these problems, the paper emphasizes using more environmental standardized techniques which save cost at the same time,and put forward technical strategy to improve the log walls. The optimization schemes are mainly divided into two categories: internal insulation and filled insulation. Each type of insulation is respectively derived two schemes through changing the thickness of main structure layers and insulation layer. Firstly,we use Weto software to calculate the timber volume of the four schemes,and it concludes that all the optimizations can save more timber than the prototype log wall with the section of 200 mm × 200 mm. Secondly,thermal comfort of each scheme is insulated in Design Builder.The results show that thermal insulation of filling type represents better than the other schemes. At last,we use thermal calculating formula to calculate thermal resistance of every scheme. Contrast to the energy efficiency standards of Heilongjiang Province, the data show that the four schemes meet the requirements of the specification.展开更多
The surface insulation properties of insulating material under DC voltage are closely related to the characteristics of surface charge accumulation, and the surface roughness of these materials has a direct impact on ...The surface insulation properties of insulating material under DC voltage are closely related to the characteristics of surface charge accumulation, and the surface roughness of these materials has a direct impact on the surface charge distribution in vacuum. Therefore, it is significant to study their connection. In this paper, based on the secondary electron emission avalanche model, the surface charge accumulation on polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) with different surface roughness was simulated by using particle in cell and Monte Carlo Collision method. The simulated environment was under the finger shaped electrode and in vacuum. The results showed that under the action of the electric field the electrons emitted from the cathode triple junction moved forward and collided with the insulating material, which may lead to the generation of secondary electrons or the accumulation of surface charge. The surface charge near the cathode was mostly negative since the effect of surface electron injection was greater than that of the collision ionization. Due to the change of electron energy and the influence of electric field distribution, the number of positive charge on the insulator gradually increased, reached the maximum, and then gradually reduced with the approaching of the anode. Moreover, when the surface roughness of the material increases or the secondary electron emission coefficient decreases, the amount of surface charge accumulated on the PMMA will reduce. This paper can provide some guidance for the practical application of insulating materials.展开更多
Comprehensive Summary In this work,we have successfully obtained a series of novel copper(I)–iodide clusters(CuI NCs)based assembly materials by combining supramolecular pseudorotaxane ligands{[Mebpe^(+)]PF_(6)^(–)@...Comprehensive Summary In this work,we have successfully obtained a series of novel copper(I)–iodide clusters(CuI NCs)based assembly materials by combining supramolecular pseudorotaxane ligands{[Mebpe^(+)]PF_(6)^(–)@CB[6](CB[6]=cucurbit[6]uril),L’·PF_(6)}and linkers{BPHF@CB[6],[BPHF=C_(14)H_(20)N_(4)(PF_(6))_(2)],L·PF_(6)},including discrete cluster CuI 1 and extended cluster organic frameworks MORF 1 and MORF 2.CuI 1 can be described as a dumbbell-shaped molecule with its body-centered site and two vertexes respectively occupied by one[Cu_(5)I_(6)]^(–)cluster and two CB[6]held together by two L’·PF_(6) ligands.The crystal structures of MORF 1 and MORF 2 are 1D anionic chain and four-fold interpenetrated 3D cationic diamondoid structure,respectively,which all featured intriguing alternating CB[6]and CuI NCs.展开更多
It remains a significant challenge to develop a catalyst that merges the advantages of homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis with high reactivity and great recyclability.Herein,an atomically precise Cu_(6)-NH_(2) na...It remains a significant challenge to develop a catalyst that merges the advantages of homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis with high reactivity and great recyclability.Herein,an atomically precise Cu_(6)-NH_(2) nanocluster with distorted octahedral Cu_(6) core and NH_(2)-functionalized ligands has been developed as the first homo/heterogeneous catalyst to catalyze the cyclization reaction of propargylic amines with carbon dioxide(CO_(2))under mild conditions.As a homogeneous catalyst,Cu_(6)-NH_(2) shows excellent catalytic activity with high turnover frequency due to highly accessible active sites.The definite coordination geometry and homogeneity nature of active centers make it convenient to investigate the structure–activity relationship at the atomic level through experiments and theory calculations.In addition,the nanocluster exhibits excellent stability,great recrystallizability,and reusability in five catalytic cycles,in which its catalytic performance has no obvious decrease.Moreover,Cu_(6)-NH_(2) incorporates Lewis acid and base sites in metal and ligand,respectively,which can promote catalytic efficiency in a synergistic effect in the absence of any cocatalysts.Importantly,Cu_(6)-NH_(2) can realize direct conversion of CO_(2) in simulated flue gas into oxazolidinones with high efficiency.The metal-ligand cooperative effect and integrated advantages of homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis would provide new perspectives to achieve advanced metal nanocluster catalysts for CO_(2) conversion.展开更多
基金suppor ted by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2022YFC2702502)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (32170742, 31970646, and 32060152)+7 种基金the Start Fund for Specially Appointed Professor of Jiangsu ProvinceHainan Province Science and Technology Special Fund (ZDYF2021SHFZ051)the Natural Science Foundation of Hainan Province (820MS053)the Start Fund for High-level Talents of Nanjing Medical University (NMUR2020009)the Marshal Initiative Funding of Hainan Medical University (JBGS202103)the Hainan Province Clinical Medical Center (QWYH202175)the Bioinformatics for Major Diseases Science Innovation Group of Hainan Medical Universitythe Shenzhen Science and Technology Program (JCYJ20210324140407021)
文摘The application of single-cell RNA sequencing(scRNA-seq)in biomedical research has advanced our understanding of the pathogenesis of disease and provided valuable insights into new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.With the expansion of capacity for high-throughput scRNA-seq,including clinical samples,the analysis of these huge volumes of data has become a daunting prospect for researchers entering this field.Here,we review the workflow for typical scRNA-seq data analysis,covering raw data processing and quality control,basic data analysis applicable for almost all scRNA-seq data sets,and advanced data analysis that should be tailored to specific scientific questions.While summarizing the current methods for each analysis step,we also provide an online repository of software and wrapped-up scripts to support the implementation.Recommendations and caveats are pointed out for some specific analysis tasks and approaches.We hope this resource will be helpful to researchers engaging with scRNA-seq,in particular for emerging clinical applications.
基金This research was supported by Yunnan Province Science and Technology Project(No.2017FE467(-204)).
文摘Clinical Ladder Programs is to develop different training programs according to different levels of nurses’management.The purpose is to improve nurses’sense of professional identity,professional and technical capabilities,and determine salary levels,so as to fully mobilize nurses’enthusiasm.This article reviews the current status of the application of Clinical Ladder Programs in clinical nursing around the world,and understands the obstacles and facilitating factors that affect the implementation of Clinical Ladder Programs,in order to provide a reference for establishing a perfect hierarchical nurse training model in China.
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.61361160415,81271684,81501570the Major State Basic Research Development of China(973 Program),No.2011CB013304+1 种基金the Medicine-Engineering Interdisciplinary Research Grant from Shanghai Jiao Tong University in China,No.YG2014ZD09a grant from the Youth Eastern Scholar Program at Shanghai Institutions of Higher Learning in China,No.QD2015007
文摘Essential tremor, also referred to as familial tremor, is an autosomal dominant genetic disease and the most common movement disorder. It typically involves a postural and motor tremor of the hands, head or other part of the body. Essential tremor is driven by a central oscillation signal in the brain. However, the corticospinal mechanisms involved in the generation of essential tremor are unclear. Therefore, in this study, we used a neural computational model that includes both monosynaptic and multisynaptic corticospinal pathways interacting with a propriospinal neuronal network. A virtual arm model is driven by the central oscillation signal to simulate tremor activity behavior. Cortical descending commands are classified as alpha or gamma through monosynaptic or multisynaptic corticospinal pathways, which converge respectively on alpha or gamma motoneurons in the spinal cord. Several scenarios are evaluated based on the central oscillation signal passing down to the spinal motoneurons via each descending pathway. The simulated behaviors are compared with clinical essential tremor characteristics to identify the corticospinal pathways responsible for transmitting the central oscillation signal. A propriospinal neuron with strong cortical inhibition performs a gating function in the generation of essential tremor. Our results indicate that the propriospinal neuronal network is essential for relaying the central oscillation signal and the production of essential tremor.
文摘With the development of power grid, as one of the key equipment, the transformer’s condition assessment method has always receive attention from experts, scholars concern more and more about the method’s practicality and reliability. In the traditional condition assessment method, due to the characteristics of the transformer’s complex structure, the assessment system is not comprehensive enough, or the assessment system is too complex, the indexes are not easy to quantify, such problems are emerging. The traditional method is complex and the degree of quantification is not enough. Therefore it is necessary to propose a condition assessment method that is easy to carry out the condition assessment work and does not affect the assessment results. In this paper, we propose a method to assess the state of the transformer’s complex structure. First, we establish a comprehensive assessment system, then apply the method of principal component analysis to optimize the index system, and then use the theory of cloud-matter-element. Finally the reliability and rationality of the method are verified by an example.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.41906112,42076144,42176201)the Science&Technology Basic Resources Investigation Program of China(No.2018FY100200)the Analysis Program on Key factors for Red Tide Forecast in Shenzhen。
文摘The naked dinoflagellate Takayama acrotrocha was identified as responsible for a bloom in Shenzhen Bay,Guangdong,China,in early spring 2021.The identification was confirmed by light,scanning,and transmission electron microscopy and molecular data based on the LSU ribosomal DNA(rDNA)and ITS rDNA sequences.This is the first record of T.acrotrocha bloom in the South China Sea.The sulcus of T.acrotrocha was wide and extended onto the epicone as a short intrusion in general,sometime the intrusion was not apparent and some were finger-like.The apical groove was deeply sigmoid.The nucleus was large,ovoid to cup-shaped and occupied most of the epicone.A large,rounded pyrenoid surrounded by a starch sheath was located at the left side to the centre of the hypocone.Under epifluorescence illumination,a row of large vesicular knobs was observed on the upper border of the cingulum.The intraspecific morphological variabilities in the clonal cultures of T.acrotrocha were investigated carefully.Cells that share the same diagnostic characters used for the description of Takayama xiamenensis such as the finger-like sulcus,a large nucleus located in the epicone and the similar pyrenoid type were observed.The LSU rDNA sequences of T.acrotrocha and T.xiamenensis only differed in 3 base pairs(bp)for a sequence length of 673 bp(with a similarity of 99.55%).For these reasons,we propose T.xiamenensis as a junior synonym of T.acrotrocha.
基金Sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51478137)the Sub Task of Science and Technology Support Program in China(Grant No.2012BAJ06B04-02)
文摘Log house is a traditional type of vernacular dwelling in Chinese cold area. It contains distinct regional characteristics and architectural cultures. In recent years,log house has come into vogue softly with the development of wood techniques. However,log houses expend too much wood materials. There are also many negative aspects of this type of wood building which go against the criteria of energy conservation,and its high prime cost hinders the application as well. To solve these problems, the paper emphasizes using more environmental standardized techniques which save cost at the same time,and put forward technical strategy to improve the log walls. The optimization schemes are mainly divided into two categories: internal insulation and filled insulation. Each type of insulation is respectively derived two schemes through changing the thickness of main structure layers and insulation layer. Firstly,we use Weto software to calculate the timber volume of the four schemes,and it concludes that all the optimizations can save more timber than the prototype log wall with the section of 200 mm × 200 mm. Secondly,thermal comfort of each scheme is insulated in Design Builder.The results show that thermal insulation of filling type represents better than the other schemes. At last,we use thermal calculating formula to calculate thermal resistance of every scheme. Contrast to the energy efficiency standards of Heilongjiang Province, the data show that the four schemes meet the requirements of the specification.
文摘The surface insulation properties of insulating material under DC voltage are closely related to the characteristics of surface charge accumulation, and the surface roughness of these materials has a direct impact on the surface charge distribution in vacuum. Therefore, it is significant to study their connection. In this paper, based on the secondary electron emission avalanche model, the surface charge accumulation on polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) with different surface roughness was simulated by using particle in cell and Monte Carlo Collision method. The simulated environment was under the finger shaped electrode and in vacuum. The results showed that under the action of the electric field the electrons emitted from the cathode triple junction moved forward and collided with the insulating material, which may lead to the generation of secondary electrons or the accumulation of surface charge. The surface charge near the cathode was mostly negative since the effect of surface electron injection was greater than that of the collision ionization. Due to the change of electron energy and the influence of electric field distribution, the number of positive charge on the insulator gradually increased, reached the maximum, and then gradually reduced with the approaching of the anode. Moreover, when the surface roughness of the material increases or the secondary electron emission coefficient decreases, the amount of surface charge accumulated on the PMMA will reduce. This paper can provide some guidance for the practical application of insulating materials.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.U21A20277,21975065,22101264,21825106)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2021TQ0292)the Excellent Youth Foundation of Henan Scientific Committee(No.232300421022).
文摘Comprehensive Summary In this work,we have successfully obtained a series of novel copper(I)–iodide clusters(CuI NCs)based assembly materials by combining supramolecular pseudorotaxane ligands{[Mebpe^(+)]PF_(6)^(–)@CB[6](CB[6]=cucurbit[6]uril),L’·PF_(6)}and linkers{BPHF@CB[6],[BPHF=C_(14)H_(20)N_(4)(PF_(6))_(2)],L·PF_(6)},including discrete cluster CuI 1 and extended cluster organic frameworks MORF 1 and MORF 2.CuI 1 can be described as a dumbbell-shaped molecule with its body-centered site and two vertexes respectively occupied by one[Cu_(5)I_(6)]^(–)cluster and two CB[6]held together by two L’·PF_(6) ligands.The crystal structures of MORF 1 and MORF 2 are 1D anionic chain and four-fold interpenetrated 3D cationic diamondoid structure,respectively,which all featured intriguing alternating CB[6]and CuI NCs.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant nos.92061201,21825106,21771163,and 22371263)the National Key R&D Program of China(grant no.2021YFA1200301)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province(grant no.232300421144)the Zhongyuan Thousand Talents(Zhongyuan Scholars)Program of Henan Province(grant no.234000510007).
文摘It remains a significant challenge to develop a catalyst that merges the advantages of homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis with high reactivity and great recyclability.Herein,an atomically precise Cu_(6)-NH_(2) nanocluster with distorted octahedral Cu_(6) core and NH_(2)-functionalized ligands has been developed as the first homo/heterogeneous catalyst to catalyze the cyclization reaction of propargylic amines with carbon dioxide(CO_(2))under mild conditions.As a homogeneous catalyst,Cu_(6)-NH_(2) shows excellent catalytic activity with high turnover frequency due to highly accessible active sites.The definite coordination geometry and homogeneity nature of active centers make it convenient to investigate the structure–activity relationship at the atomic level through experiments and theory calculations.In addition,the nanocluster exhibits excellent stability,great recrystallizability,and reusability in five catalytic cycles,in which its catalytic performance has no obvious decrease.Moreover,Cu_(6)-NH_(2) incorporates Lewis acid and base sites in metal and ligand,respectively,which can promote catalytic efficiency in a synergistic effect in the absence of any cocatalysts.Importantly,Cu_(6)-NH_(2) can realize direct conversion of CO_(2) in simulated flue gas into oxazolidinones with high efficiency.The metal-ligand cooperative effect and integrated advantages of homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis would provide new perspectives to achieve advanced metal nanocluster catalysts for CO_(2) conversion.
