Research Progress on the Bone Metastasis Mechanism of Prostate Cancer and Bone-Targeted Drugs

Prostate cancer is a common male malignant tumor,and bone metastasis is one of the common complications in the late stage of prostate cancer.The mechanism of prostate cancer bone metastasis is a complex process involving multiple factors and steps.In recent years,with in-depth research on the mechanism of prostate cancer bone metastasis and the development of new drugs,important progress has been made in the treatment of prostate cancer bone metastasis.Based on this,this article introduces the mechanism of prostate cancer bone metastasis and the research progress of several bone-targeted drugs to provide reference and inspiration for future research.

CUL4 E3 ligase regulates the proliferation and apoptosis of lung squamous cell carcinoma and small cell lung carcinoma

Objective:The E3 ligase,CRL4,plays diverse roles in different cellular processes,such as DNA damage,transcriptional regulation,cell cycle progression,and cell apoptosis.Our previous study showed that CUL4A and CUL4B had a strong association with tobacco smoking risk in lung squamous cell carcinoma(SCC)and small cell lung carcinoma(SCLC).This study aimed to define the potential mechanism underlying the roles of CUL4A and CUL4B in the development of SCC and SCLC.Methods:We determined the role of CUL4A and CUL4B in the cell cycle and apoptosis of SCC and SCLC,and identified the key apoptosis-related gene involved in the oncogenic activity of CUL4B by Western blot,immunohistochemical staining,flow cytometry,and enzyme inhibition experiments.Results:We found that depletion of CUL4A and CUL4B reduced the proliferation of SCC and SCLC cells.cUL4Aknockdown but not CUL4Bknockdown arrested cells in Gl phase while upregulating P21 and cU L4Bknockdown promoted cell apoptosis through upregulation o f FOXO3A.Accordingly,CUL4B decreased FO X03A expression by activating the ERK signaling pathway and mediating FOXO3A degradation via the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway.Conclusions:These results identified the function of E3 ligase CRL4 in regulating SCC and SCLC cell proliferation,which provides a potential strategy for cancer therapy by targeting FOXO3A and the E3 ligase,CRL4.

Study on the bioactivity changes of hydroxylated sulfonylureas derivatives: A possible metabolism

Some new sulfonylureas and their hydroxylation products had been synthesized from 2-amino-4-methylpyrimidine. Their bioactivities against E. coli AHAS II in vitro were tested and the results indicated that the hydroxylation decreased the inhibition activities of sulfonylureas significantly. Subsequently herbicidal tests against stem-growth of barnyard grass and root-growth of rape confirmed the above conclusion. The preliminary molecular docking studies were also carried out to investigate the binding modes of non-hydroxylated and hydroxylated sulfonylureas with AHAS.

Bibliometric analysis of subject trends and knowledge structures of gut microbiota

BACKGROUND Gut microbiota is an emerging field of research,with related research having breakthrough development in the past 15 years.Bibliometric analysis can be applied to analyze the evolutionary trends and emerging hotspots in this field.AIM To study the subject trends and knowledge structures of gut microbiota related research fields from 2004 to 2018.METHODS The literature data on gut microbiota were identified and downloaded from the PubMed database.Through biclustering analysis,strategic diagrams,and social network analysis diagrams,the main trend and knowledge structure of research fields concerning gut microbiota were analyzed to obtain and compare the research hotspots in each period.RESULTS According to the strategic coordinates and social relationship network map,Clostridium Infections/microbiology,Clostridium Infections/therapy,RNA,Ribosomal,16S/genetics,Microbiota/genetics,Microbiota/immunology,Dysbiosis/immunology,Infla-mmation/immunology,Fecal Microbiota Transplantation/methods,Fecal Microbiota Transplantation can be used as an emerging research hotspot in the past 5 years(2014-2018).CONCLUSION Some subjects were not yet fully studied according to the strategic coordinates;and the emerging hotspots in the social network map can be considered as directions of future research.

The Necessity of Integrating Public English Course into Chinese Culture Education in Higher Vocational Colleges

Looking at the current public English culture teaching classroom in higher vocational colleges,the main problems are that the classroom focuses on grammar knowledge and language learning,and the cultural explanation is not in-depth;The classroom is centered on European and American culture and lacks the complementary and integrated teaching of Chinese culture;The teaching method of Chinese culture adopted by teachers is relatively single and lacks the cultivation of cross-cultural communication awareness.In the process of teaching,a variety of teaching methods are used together to introduce Chinese cultural elements by comparing Chinese and English cultures and combining with hot current events;To guide students to look at cultural differences with a dialectical attitude and inclusive perspective,to establish their own national identity and cultural self-confidence,to actively spread and promote Chinese culture in cross-cultural communication activities,and to improve their twoway communication ability can effectively strengthen Chinese cultural education.

Recent Progress and Regulation Strategies of Layered Materials as Cathode of Aqueous Zinc-Ion Batteries

Aqueous zinc-ion batteries(ZIBs)have shown great potential in the fields of wearable devices,consumer electronics,and electric vehicles due to their high level of safety,low cost,and multiple electron transfer.The layered cathode materials of ZIBs hold a stable structure during charge and discharge reactions owing to the ultrafast and straightforward(de)intercalation-type storage mechanism of Zn^(2+)ions in their tunable interlayer spacing and their abilities to accommodate other guest ions or molecules.Nevertheless,the challenges of inadequate energy density,dissolution of active materials,uncontrollable byproducts,increased internal pressure,and a large de-solvation penalty have been deemed an obstacle to the development of ZIBs.In this review,recent strategies on the structure regulation of layered materials for aqueous zinc-ion energy storage devices are systematically summarized.Finally,critical science challenges and future outlooks are proposed to guide and promote the development of advanced cathode materials for ZIBs.

基于普通器件实现快1000倍的相机与机器视觉

在数码相机中,我们发现了一个重大缺陷,即从胶片相机继承的图像和视频模型阻碍了相机捕捉快速变化的光子世界。我们提出了一种新的视觉形式,称为视象(vform),这是一个比特序列阵列,其中每个比特表示光子的累积是否达到了一个阈值,从而可以记录和重建任何时刻场景的光强。仅使用消费级CMOS传感器和集成电路,开发了一种比传统相机快1000倍的脉冲相机。将视象看作生物视觉中的脉冲序列,进一步开发了基于脉冲神经网络的机器视觉系统,它可以将机器的速度和生物视觉的机理结合起来,从而实现了比人类视觉快1000倍的高速目标检测和跟踪,并通过辅助裁判和目标瞄准系统证明了脉冲相机和超级视觉系统的效用。视象模型和芯片有望从根本上改变图像和视频的概念以及摄影、电影和视觉媒体等相关行业,并开启一个全新的基于脉冲神经网络的速度自由的机器视觉时代。

Aicardi-Goutières syndrome type 7 in a Chinese child:A case report

BACKGROUND IFIH1 is a protein-coding gene.Disorders associated with IFIH1 include Aicardi-Goutières syndrome(AGS)type 7 and Singleton-Merten syndrome type 1.Related pathways include RIG-I/MDA5-mediated induction of the interferon(IFN)-α/βpathway and the innate immune system.AGS type 7 is an autosomal dominant inflammatory disorder characterized by severe neurological impairment.In infancy,most patients present with psychomotor retardation,axial hypotonia,spasticity,and brain imaging changes Laboratory assessments showed increased IFN-αactivity with upregulation of IFN signaling and IFN-stimulated gene expression.Some patients develop normally in the early stage,and then have episodic neurological deficits.CASE SUMMARY The 5-year-old girl presented with postpartum height and weight growth retardation,language retardation,brain atrophy,convulsions,and growth hormone deficiency.DNA samples were obtained from peripheral blood from the child and her parents for whole-exome sequencing and test of genome-wide copy number variation.Heterozygous mutations in the IFIH1 gene were found.Physical examination at admission found that language development was delayed,the reaction to name calling was average,there was no communication with people,but there was eye contact,no social smile,and no autonomous language.However,the child had rich gesture language and body language,could understand instructions,had bad temper.When she wants to achieve something,she starts crying or shouting.Cardiopulmonary examination showed no obvious abnormality,and abdominal examination was normal.Bilateral muscle strength and muscle tone were symmetrical and slightly decreased.Physiological reflexes exist,but pathological reflexes were not elicited.CONCLUSION We reported the clinical characteristics of a Chinese child with a clinical diagnosis of AGS type 7,which expanded the mutational spectrum of the IFIH1 gene.

Temperature-dependent structure and magnetization of YCrO_(3)compound

We have grown a YCrO_(3)single crystal by the floating-zone method and studied its temperature-dependent crystalline structure and magnetization by x-ray powder diffraction and PPMS DynaCool measurements.All diffraction patterns were well indexed by an orthorhombic structure with space group of Pbnm(No.62).From 36 K to 300 K,no structural phase transition occurs in the pulverized YCrO_(3)single crystal.The antiferromagnetic phase transition temperature was determined as T_(N)=141.58(5)K by the magnetization versus temperature measurements.We found weak ferromagnetic behavior in the magnetic hysteresis loops below TN.Especially,we demonstrated that the antiferromagnetism and weak ferromagnetism appear simultaneously upon cooling.The lattice parameters(a,b,c,and V)deviate downward from the Grüneisen law,displaying an anisotropic magnetostriction effect.We extracted temperature variation of the local distortion parameterΔ.Compared to theΔvalue of Cr ions,Y,O1,and O2 ions show one order of magnitude largerΔvalues indicative of much stronger local lattice distortions.Moreover,the calculated bond valence states of Y and O2 ions have obvious subduction charges.

Mapping theArabidopsis Metabolic Landscape by Untargeted Metabolomics at Different Environmental Conditions

Metabolic genome-wide association studies （mGWAS）, whereupon metabolite levels are regarded as traits, can help unravel the genetic basis of metabolic networks. A total of 309Arabidopsis accessions were grown under two independent environmental conditions （control and stress） and subjected to untargeted LC-MS- based metabolomic profiling; levels of the obtained hydrophilic metabolites were used in GWAS. Our two- condition-based GWAS for more than 3000 semi-polar metabolites resulted in the detection of 123 highly resolved metabolite quantitative trait loci （p ≤ 1.0E-08）, 24.39% of which were environment-specific. Interestingly, differently from natural variation in Arabidopsis primary metabolites, which tends to be controlled by a large number of small-effect loci, we found several major large-effect loci alongside a vast number of small-effect loci controlling variation of secondary metabolites. The two-condition-based GWAS was fol- lowed by integration with network-derived metabolite-transcript correlations using a time-course stress experiment. Through this integrative approach, we selected 70 key candidate associations between struc- tural genes and metabolites, and experimentally validated eight novel associations, two of them showing differential genetic regulation in the two environments studied. We demonstrate the power of combining large-scale untargeted metabolomics-based GWAS with time-course-derived networks both performed under different ablotic environments for identifying metabollte-gene associations, providing novel global insights into the metabolic landscape of Arabidopsis.

Towards a New Paradigm for Brain-inspired Computer Vision

Brain-inspired computer vision aims to learn from biological systems to develop advanced image processing techniques.However,its progress so far is not impressing.We recognize that a main obstacle comes from that the current paradigm for brain-inspired computer vision has not captured the fundamental nature of biological vision,i.e.,the biological vision is targeted for processing spatio-temporal patterns.Recently,a new paradigm for developing brain-inspired computer vision is emerging,which emphasizes on the spatio-temporal nature of visual signals and the brain-inspired models for processing this type of data.In this paper,we review some recent primary works towards this new paradigm,including the development of spike cameras which acquire spiking signals directly from visual scenes,and the development of computational models learned from neural systems that are specialized to process spatio-temporal patterns,including models for object detection,tracking,and recognition.We also discuss about the future directions to improve the paradigm.

Photoinduced Reversible Solid-to-Liquid Transitions and Directional Photofluidization of Azobenzene-containing Polymers

Photoinduced reversible liquefaction and solidification of polymers enable processing and healing of polymers with light.Some azobenzene-containing polymers(azopolymers)exhibit two types of photoinduced liquefaction properties:photoinduced reversible solid-to-liquid transition and directional photofluidization.For the first type,light switches the glass transition temperature(T_(g))values of azopolymers and induces reversible solid-to-liquid transitions.For the second type,polarized light guides solid azopolymers to flow along the polarization direction.Here,we compare the two types of photoliquefaction and discuss their mechanisms.Recent progresses and applications based on photoliquefaction of azopolymers are also highlighted.

企业绿色经营与管理会计赋能——以九州通集团的管理创新实践为例

随着企业对可持续发展的日益重视,绿色运营和节能减排已成为企业实现可持续发展战略的核心方针。本文旨在探讨企业管理会计如何创新性地融入绿色运营的各项实践,文章以九州通医药集团股份有限公司(以下简称“九州通”或“公司”)为例,介绍了公司近两年在环境、社会与公司治理(ESG)领域的卓越表现,并深入分析了公司绿色运营与管理体系的四大显著特征,系统性地总结归纳了财务部门如何通过创新运用管理会计原则与工具,助力公司在完善可持续发展管理实践、落实节能减排举措、评估“油转电”业务转型、选择油转电车型和配送成本测算,以及精准核算能源消耗和开展绿色运营分析五个关键领域的绿色运营。本文的主张不仅为财务职能在企业绿色运营中的转型提供了新思路,也为绿色管理会计体系的发展提供了新的原则和逻辑。

两种硫酸根介导的铀酰-葫芦脲配位聚合物的合成、结构和理化性质表征

本文通过引入小分子竞争配体,利用高温水热法成功合成了两种新的硫酸根介导的葫芦脲铀酰配合物(UO2)2(CB5)(SO4)2(H2O)2·5H2O (U-CB5-SO4)和(UO2)(CB6)0.5(SO4)(H2O)·4H2O (U-CB6-SO4).通过单晶X射线衍射、粉末衍射(PXRD)、热重分析(TGA)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)和荧光光谱(FL)对配合物进行表征,解析了配合物的结构并研究了它们的理学性质. U-CB5-SO4属于正交晶系,空间群为Pnma, U-CB6-SO4属于单斜晶系,空间群为I2/m. U-CB5-SO4晶体在a轴上是折线形的走向,晶体为黄色风车形多棱柱多晶,而U-CB6-SO4晶体在a轴上是直线形,晶体为较长的黄色棒状单晶.本文提出了一种"竞争配体"用于介导复杂体系配位合成的新思路,同时丰富和发展了铀酰-葫芦脲-硫酸三元体系的配位化学相关研究.

聚N-异丙基丙烯酰胺/金纳米粒子的复合及其结构和应用进展

金纳米粒子(AuNPs)具有独特的光电、催化和生物相容特性,然而由于其具有高表面能,在制备和应用过程中易发生团聚,限制其实际应用.将温度响应型聚合物聚(N-异丙基丙烯酰胺)(PNIPAM)与球状AuNPs复合,不仅可防止AuNPs团聚,二者在性能上协同作用,使AuNPs的光电、催化特性与PNIPAM的温度响应性相结合.本文总结了制备PNIPAM/AuNPs的表面接枝法、原位还原法、逐层法和物理共混法,综述了复合粒子具有的核壳型、核-卫星型、蛋壳型、空心微球型、无规填充型、表面覆盖型等不同结构,介绍了其在传感器、催化剂、光学器件、生物医用等领域的应用,并对PNIPAM/AuNPs复合粒子的发展前景进行了展望.

Identification of pollution sources in river based on particle swarm optimization

The pollution sources identification model is presented by the coupling of the river water quality model and particle swarm optimization(PSO)algorithm to estimate pollution sources from the measured/simulated contaminant concentration in the river.The“twin experiment”is adopted to verify the feasibility of the identification model,and three cases are constructed to explore the results of the identification model in different situations.The experiment test demonstrated that the identification model is effective and efficient,while the model can accurately figure out the quantities of the pollutants and position of a single pollution source or multiple sources,with the relative error of the mean is less than 3%.Many factors are explored,including the level of random disturbance and the impact of particle population size.The outcome showed that the disturbance level is less than 5%,thus the precision is preferable,and when the number of particles is three,the identification is the best.When performing multiple sources,identification of multiple sets of monitoring sections respectively can obtain more accurate results with less error.In this paper,the optimization method of the inverse problem is applied to the identification of river pollution sources,which can help us to identify pollution sources and provide us a scientific basis for subsequent water pollution control and prevention.

Mewing Polymers via Photoisomerization

Photoresponsive materials,which can adapt their states and shapes upon light irradiation,have attracted worldwide attention in the past decades.The development of azobenzene-containing polymers(azopolymers)opens up an avenue for controlling their properties and functions with light.These polymers show shape changes and mechanical responses under the stimulation of light via photoisomerization of azobenzene groups.Herein,this report focuses on the growing research on moving polymers via photoisomerization,including their moving mechanisms and various applications.

Greatly suppressed potential inhomogeneity and performance improvement of c-plane InGaN green laser diodes

High-performance green InGaN laser diodes(LDs)are highly demanded in laser display,medical instruments,and quantum technology[1-4].However,the fabrication of green LDs is challenging,and GaN-based green LDs(λ>500 nm)were realized by Osram Corp until 2009[5],which was 15 years after the first violet InGaN LDs.The greatest challenge is the growth of InGaN/(In)GaN multiple-quantum-well(MQW)active regions with high potential homogeneity.The potential fluctuation becomes pronounced as the indium composition increases in InGaN quantum wells(QWs)[6]due to the composition and interface fluctuation.

Laser ablation of block copolymers with hydrogen-bonded azobenzene derivatives

Supramolecular assemblies （PS-b-P4VP （AzoR）） are fabricated by hydrogen-bonding azobenzene derivatives （AzoR） to poly（4-vinyl pyridine） blocks of polystyrene-block-poly（4-vinyl pyridine） （PS-b-P4VP）. PS-b-P4VP（AzoR） forms phase separated nanostructures with a period of-75-105 nm. A second length scale structure with a period of 2μm is fabricated on phase separated PS-b-P4VP（AzoR） by laser interference abla- tion. Both the concentration and the substituent of AzoR in PS-b-P4VP（AzoR） affect the laser ablation process. The laser ablation threshold of PS-b-P4VP（AzoR） decreases as the concentration of AzoR increases. In PS-b-P4VP（AzoR） with different substituents （R = CN, H, and CH3）, ablation thresholds follow the trend： PS-b-P4VP（AzoCN）〈 PS-b- P4VP（AzoCH3）〈PS-b-P4VP（AzoH）. This result indicates that the electron donor group （CH3） and the electron acceptor group （CN） can lower the ablation threshold of PS-b-P4VP（AzoR）.

Generation of male germ cells in vitro from the stem cells

Infertility has become a serious disease since it affects 10%–15%of couples worldwide,and male infertility contributes to about 50%of the cases.Notably,a significant decrease occurs in the newborn population by 7.82 million in 2020 compared to 2016 in China.As such,it is essential to explore the effective methods of obtaining functional male gametes for restoring male fertility.Stem cells,including embryonic stem cells(ESCs),induced pluripotent stem cells(iPSCs),spermatogonial stem cells(SSCs),and mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs),possess the abilities of both self-renewal and differentiation into germ cells.Significantly,much progress has recently been achieved in the generation of male germ cells in vitro from various kinds of stem cells under the specified conditions,e.g.,the coculturing with Sertoli cells,three-dimensional culture system,the addition of growth factors and cytokines,and/or the overexpression of germ cell-related genes.In this review,we address the current advance in the derivation of male germ cells in vitro from stem cells based on the studies of the peers and us,and we highlight the perspectives and potential application of stem cell-derived male gametes in reproductive medicine.