Fermi Blazars in the Zwicky Transient Facility Survey:Properties of Large Optical Variations

We analyze the optical light curve data,obtained with the Zwicky Transient Facility(ZTF)survey,for 47 γ-ray blazars monitored by the Large Area Telescope onboard the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope(Fermi).These 47sources are selected because they are among the Fermi blazars with the largest optical variations in the ZTF data.Two color-magnitude variation patterns are seen in them,with one being redder-to-stable-when-brighter(RSWB;in 31 sources)and the other being stable when brighter(in 16 sources).The patterns fit with the results recently reported in several similar studies with different data.Moreover,we find that the colors in the stable state of the sources share similar values,for which(after being corrected for the Galactic extinction)most sources are in a range of 0.4–0.55.This feature could be intrinsic and may be applied in,for example,study of the intragalactic medium.We also determine the turning points for the sources showing the RSWB pattern,after which the color changes saturate and become stable.We find a correlation between optical fluxes and γ-ray fluxes at the turning points.The physical implications of the correlation remain to be investigated,probably better with a sample of high-qualityγ-ray flux measurements.

Benefits of multidisciplinary collaborative care team-based nursing services in treating pressure injury wounds in cerebral infarction patients

BACKGROUND Cerebral infarction patients need to be bedridden for long periods of time often resulting in pressure injuries,which may represent a serious threat to patients'life and health.An effective nursing program should be adopted for timely intervention in patients with pressure wounds.AIM To explore the value of nursing services based on a multidisciplinary collaborative treatment team in patients with pressure injury wounds following cerebral infarction.METHODS Patients with cerebral infarction pressure injury wounds in our hospital from December 2016 to January 2021 were selected and divided into one study group and one control group based on the simple random number table method.The control group was treated with conventional nursing care(CNC),and the study group was treated with care services based on multidisciplinary collaborative care(MDCC).The Pressure Ulcer Scale for Healing(PUSH),healing effect,Self-Perceived Burden Score(SPBS),and satisfaction with the intervention were calculated before and after 2 and 4 wk of intervention in both groups.RESULTS Sixty-two patients were enrolled,and 31 patients were assigned to each group.The results of the interventions were as follows:(1)There was no significant difference between the PUSH scores of the MDCC group(11.19±2.46)and CNC group(12.01±2.79)before the intervention(P>0.05),and the PUSH scores were lower after 2 and 4 wk of intervention in the MDCC group(6.63±1.97 and 3.11±1.04)than in the CNC group(8.78±2.13 and 4.96±1.35 points)(P<0.05);(2)The rate of wound healing in the MDCC group(96.77%)was higher than that in the CNC group(80.65%)(P<0.05);(3)There was no significant difference between the SPBS scores of emotional factors(21.15±3.11),economic factors(9.88±2.15),and physical factors(8.19±2.23)in the two groups before the intervention.The scores of emotional factors(13.51±1.88),economic factors(6.38±1.44),and physical factors(5.37±1.08)were lower in the MDCC group than in the CNC group(16.89±2.05,7.99±1.68 and 7.06±1.19)after 4 wk of intervention(P<0.05);and(4)Satisfaction with the intervention was higher in the MDCC group(93.55%)than in the CNC group(74.19%)(P<0.05).CONCLUSION Interventions for patients with cerebral infarction pressure wounds based on an MDCC treatment team can effectively reduce patients'self-perceived burden,improve pressure wound conditions,facilitate wound healing,and increase patient satisfaction with the intervention.

Corneal endothelial cells and acoustic cavitation in phacoemulsification

Postoperative complications of phacoemulsification,such as corneal edema caused by human corneal endothelial cell(CEC)injury,are still a matter of concern.Although several factors are known to cause CEC damage,the influence of ultrasound on the formation of free radicals during surgery should be considered.Ultrasound in aqueous humor induces cavitation and promotes the formation of hydroxyl radicals or reactive oxygen species(ROS).ROS-induced apoptosis and autophagy in phacoemulsification have been suggested to significantly promote CEC injury.CEC cannot regenerate after injury,and measures must be taken to prevent the loss of CEC after phacoemulsification or other CEC injuries.Antioxidants can reduce the oxidative stress injury of CEC during phacoemulsification.Evidence from rabbit eye studies shows that ascorbic acid infusion during operation or local application of ascorbic acid during phacoemulsification has a protective effect by scavenging free radicals or reducing oxidative stress.Both in experiments and clinical practice,hydrogen dissolved in the irrigating solution can also prevent CEC damage during phacoemulsification surgery.Astaxanthin(AST)can inhibit oxidative damage,thereby protecting different cells from most pathological conditions,such as myocardial cells,luteinized granulosa cells of the ovary,umbilical vascular endothelial cells,and human retina pigment epithelium cell line(ARPE-19).However,existing research has not focused on the application of AST to prevent oxidative stress during phacoemulsification,and the related mechanisms need to be studied.The Rho related helical coil kinase inhibitor Y-27632 can inhibit CEC apoptosis after phacoemulsification.Rigorous experiments are required to confirm whether its effect is realized through improving the ROS clearance ability of CEC.

The intra-day optical monitoring of BL Lacerate object 1ES 1218+304 at its highest X-ray flux level

We here report a monitor of the BL Lac object 1 ES 1218+304 in both B-and R-bands by the GWAC-F60 A telescope in eight nights,when it was triggered to be at its highest X-ray flux in history by the VERITAS Observatory and Swift follow-ups.Both ANOVA and χ^(2)-test enable us to clearly reveal an intraday variability in optical wavelengths in seven out of the eight nights.A bluer-when-brighter chromatic relationship has been clearly identified in five out of the eight nights,which can be well explained by the shock-in-jet model.In addition,a quasi-periodic oscillation phenomenon in both bands could be tentatively identified in the first night.A positive delay between the two bands has been revealed in three out of the eight nights,and a negative one in the other nights.The identified minimum time delay enables us to estimate the MBH=2.8 × 10^(7) M_(⊙) that is invalid.

Fermi Blazars in the Zwicky Transient Facility Survey:A Correlation Study

We report on our correlation analysis for theγ-ray blazars detected with the Large Area Telescope(LAT)onboard the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope(Fermi),for which we use the Fermi-LAT data and the optical zr and zg band data from the Zwicky Transient Facility survey in the time period approximately from 2018 July to 2022February.We start from the full sample of the Fermi-LAT blazars and find~38%of them as significant variables in bothγ-ray and optical bands.Among the variables,which are 705 blazars,95 are selected as our targets based on the requirement for theγ-ray brightnesses.Then 15 out of the 95 blazars are found to show theγ-ray-optical correlations in the~3.7 yr time period.Most of the 15 blazars are classified as low synchrotron peaked(LSP)ones with the time lags between theγ-ray and optical bands in a range from-19 to+25 days.The results generally fit the often-considered emission scenario for the LSP blazars.Two cases of showing~-100 days time lags are discussed,which require farther studies for confirmation.Our analysis results suggest that among the detected significant variables,~23%LSPs can showγ-ray and optical correlations,while their averageγ-ray fluxes are above~4×10^(-8)photon cm^(-2)s^(-1).