Boosting Lean Electrolyte Lithium-Sulfur Battery Performance with Transition Metals: A Comprehensive Review

Lithium–sulfur(Li–S) batteries have received widespread attention, and lean electrolyte Li–S batteries have attracted additional interest because of their higher energy densities. This review systematically analyzes the effect of the electrolyte-to-sulfur(E/S) ratios on battery energy density and the challenges for sulfur reduction reactions(SRR) under lean electrolyte conditions. Accordingly, we review the use of various polar transition metal sulfur hosts as corresponding solutions to facilitate SRR kinetics at low E/S ratios(< 10 μL mg~(-1)), and the strengths and limitations of different transition metal compounds are presented and discussed from a fundamental perspective. Subsequently, three promising strategies for sulfur hosts that act as anchors and catalysts are proposed to boost lean electrolyte Li–S battery performance. Finally, an outlook is provided to guide future research on high energy density Li–S batteries.

miR-933 accelerates the growth of liver cancer cells by enhancing pyruvate kinase isoform M2

MicroRNAs(miRNAs)have been found to play an important role in human tumorigenesis.A study indicates that the plasma level of miR-933 was elevated in patients with dementia.1 Notably,miR-933(RS79402775)may contribute to the reduction of gastric cancer susceptibility.

Metal-organic framework-derived CoP_(2)@N-doped carbon hollow spheres for efficient oxygen evolution reaction

1.Introduction.Hydrogen is considered as a viable alternative to fossil fuels[1,2].Large-scale hydrogen production by electrochemical water splitting is regarded as an important approach.It consists of two half-reactions:hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)at the cathode and oxygen evolution reaction(OER)at the anode[3].Compared to the HER,the OER has sluggish kinetic and large overpotentials,re-sulting from the complex oxidation pathway[4,5].Although RuO_(2) and IrO_(2) have excellent catalytic OER performance[6],their large-scale deployment is unfeasible due to the scarcity and high cost of these noble metal elements.Thus,cheap OER electrocatalysts have been actively investigated[7].

A lncRNA MEG3 variant enhances telomerase activity by increasing DNA damage repair ability in human liver cancer stem cells

The maternally expressed gene 3(MEG3)acts as an antitumor component in different cancer cells.However,MEG3 variant has been shown to confer cancer susceptibility1 and certain polymorphisms within MEG3 are implicated in cancer risk(rs7158663,rs4081134,and rs11160608).2 Moreover,MEG3-TTCC and MEG3-CCCA promote the differentiation of SCs by activating the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway in different degrees.3 In particular,the alleles of MEG3(AA,GA+AA)and MEG3(rs7158663)were associated with an increased risk for human liver cancer.4 Moreover,Sirt2 is a specific NAD-dependent histone deacetylase for H4–K16 and has a strong preference for histone H4K16Ac in their deacetylation activity.5 Nevertheless,the functions and mechanism of MEG3 variant on hepatocarcinogenesis have not yet been well-demonstrated.

Rational design of Ruddlesden-Popper perovskite electrocatalyst for oxygen reduction to hydrogen peroxide

Although the oxygen reduction process to hydrogen peroxide(H_(2)O_(2))is a green option for H_(2)O_(2)generation,the low activity and selectivity hindered the industry's process.In recent years,the electrochemical synthesis of H_(2)O_(2)through a 2e-transfer method of oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)has piqued the interest of both academics and industry.Metal oxide catalysts have emerged as a novel family of electrochemical catalysts due to their unusual physical,chemical,and electrical characteristics.In this work,we first developed a Ruddlesden-Popper perovskite oxide(Pr_(2)NiO_(4+δ))as a highly selective and active catalyst for 2e-ORR to produce H_(2)O_(2).Molybdenum was introduced here to adjust the oxidation states of these transition metals with successful substitution into Ni-site to prepare Pr_(2)Ni1-xMoxO_(4+δ),and the molybdenum substitution improves the H_(2)O_(2)selectivity during the ORR process,in 0.1 M KOH,from 60%of Pr_(2)NiO_(4+δ)to 79%of Pr_(2)Ni_(0.8)Mo_(0.2)O_(4+δ)at 0.55 V versus RHE.A limiting H_(2)O_(2)concentration of_0.24 mM for Pr_(2)NiO_(4+δ)and 0.42 mM for Pr_(2)Ni_(0.8)Mo_(0.2)O_(4+δ)was obtained at a constant current of 10 mA/cm2 using a flow-cell reactor using a gas-diffusion electrode.