Debt,sleep deprivation and psychological distress among online ride-hailing drivers:evidence from China

An online ride-hailing driver(ORHD)refers to a driver who takes orders and provides rental car services to passengers via an online service platform.1 ORHD plays a significant role in the urban transport system worldwide,operating through many platforms.According to official data from the Chinese Ministry of Transport,a total of 1.6 million vehicle transport permits were issued by the end of March 2022.

Dimension-Enhanced Ultra-High Performance Liquid Chromatography/Ion Mobility-Quadrupole Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry Combined with Intelligent Peak Annotation for the Rapid Characterization of the Multiple Components from Seeds of Descurainia sophia

The complex composition of herbal metabolites necessitates the development of powerful analytical techniques aimed to identify the bioactive components.The seeds of Descurainia sophia(SDS)are utilized in China as a cough and asthma relieving agent.Herein,a dimension-enhanced integral approach,by combining ultra-high performance liquid chromatography/ion mobility-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry(UHPLC/IMQTOF-MS)and intelligent peak annotation,was developed to rapidly characterize the multicomponents from SDS.Good chromatographic separation was achieved within 38 min on a UPLC CSH C18(2.1×100 mm,1.7μm)column which was eluted by 0.1%formic acid in water(water phase)and acetonitrile(organic phase).Collision-induced dissociation-MS^(2)data were acquired by the data-independent high-definition MS^(E)(HDMS^(E))in both the negative and positive electrospray ionization modes.A major components knockout strategy was applied to improve the characterization of those minor ingredients by enhancing the injection volume.Moreover,a self-built chemistry library was established,which could be matched by the UNIFI software enabling automatic peak annotation of the obtained HDMS^(E)data.As a result of applying the intelligent peak annotation workflows and further confirmation process,a total of 53 compounds were identified or tentatively characterized from the SDS,including 29 flavonoids,one uridine derivative,four glucosides,one lignin,one phenolic compound,and 17 others.Notably,four-dimensional information related to the structure(e.g.,retention time,collision cross section,MS^(1)and MS^(2)data)was obtained for each component by the developed integral approach,and the results would greatly benefit the quality control of SDS.

Headspace Solid-Phase Micro-Extraction Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry(HS-SPME-GC/MS)-Based Untargeted Metabolomics Analysis for Comparing the Volatile Components from 12 Panax Herbal Medicines

Quality control of ginseng currently is mainly based on ginsenoside analysis,but rarely focuses on the volatile organic components.In the current work,an untargeted metabolomics approach,by headspace solid-phase micro-extraction gas chromatography/mass spectrometry(HS-SPME-GC/MS),was elaborated and further employed to holistically compare the compositional difference of the volatile components simultaneously from 12 Panax herbal medicines,which included P.ginseng(PG),P.quinquefolius(PQ),P.notoginseng(PN),red ginseng(PGR),P.ginseng leaf(PGL),P.quinquefolius leaf(PQL),P.notoginseng leaf(PNL),P.ginseng flower(PGF),P.quinquefolius flower(PQF),P.notoginseng flower(PNF),P.japonicus(PJ),and P.japonicus var.major(PJvm).Chromatographic separation was performed on an HP-5MS elastic quartz capillary column using helium as the carrier gas,enabling good resolution within 1 h.We were able to characterize totally 259 volatile compounds,including 82 terpenes(T),46 alcohols(Alc),29 ketones(K),25 aldehydes(Ald),21 esters(E),and the others.By analyzing 90 batches of ginseng samples based on the untargeted metabolomics workflows,236 differential ions were unveiled,and accordingly 36 differential volatile components were discovered.It is the first report that simultaneously compares the compositional difference of volatile components among 12 Panax herbal medicines,and useful information is provided for the quality control of ginseng aside from the well-known ginsenosides.

Small extracellular vesicles encapsulating lefty1 mRNA inhibit hepatic fibrosis

Liver fibrosis is the deposition of extracellular matrix(ECM)in the liver caused by persistent chronic injury,which can lead to more serious diseases such as cirrhosis or cancer.Blocking the effect of transforming growth factorβ1(TGF-β1),one of the most important cytokines in liver fibrosis,may be one of the effective ways to inhibit liver fibrosis.As a kind of natural nano-scale vesicles,small extracellular vesicles(sEvs)have displayed excellent delivery vehicle properties.Herein,we prepared hepatic stellate cell(HSC)-derived sEvs loading left-right determination factor 1(lefty1)mRNA(sEvLs)and we wanted to verify whether they can inhibit fibrosis by blocking the TGF-β1 signaling pathway.The results showed that sEvLs had effective cell uptake and reduced activation of HSCs.Rats that were injected with CCl 4 by intraperitoneal injection for 6 weeks exhibited obvious symptoms of liver fibrosis and were treated with systemically administered sEvLs and free sEvs for 4 weeks.Rats injected with olive oil alone served as sham controls.Administration of sEvLs significantly reduced the area of fibrosis compared with free sEvs.We demonstrated that sEvLs inhibited HSCs activation and ECM production,and promote ECM degradation by downregulatingα-smooth muscle actin(α-SMA),collagen I,tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase(TIMP)-1 and upregulating matrix metalloprotease(MMP)-1.In summary,as an endogenous delivery vehicle,sEvs could deliver mRNA to attenuate hepatic fibrosis by blocking the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway.

基于顶空进样气相色谱-质谱联用和非靶标代谢组学分析人参、西洋参和三七经蒸制后挥发性成分的转化

人参是全世界范围内广受欢迎的滋补品,经蒸制后补益效果更佳。先前对人参蒸制的研究主要集中在所含的皂苷,但对其挥发性成分研究较少。本研究建立了顶空进样气相色谱-质谱联用结合非靶标代谢组学方法,对人参、西洋参和三七在蒸制过程中挥发性成分的变化进行整体性表征。通过优化GC-MS色谱分离条件,采用HP-5MS弹性石英毛细管柱在38分钟内实现对人参、西洋参和三七生品及蒸制品(1-10 h)中挥发性成分的表征。从人参、西洋参和三七中分别鉴定出了106、106和105种挥发性成分。多元统计分析可以描述不同蒸制时间介导的人参、西洋参和三七的转化轨迹。最终,通过基于GC-MS的非靶标代谢组学分析,发现人参、西洋参和三七蒸制过程中分别有13、16和14种差异成分。值得注意的是,其中异戊醇、2-正戊基呋喃、正己醛、丁香烯和(-)-马兜铃烯可以区分人参的生品和炮制品;α-蒎烯、2-正戊基呋喃、己酸、2,3-丁二醇和丙酮酸可以区分西洋参生品和炮制品;莎草烯、糠醛、Δ-杜松烯、羟基丙酮和1-戊醇可以区分三七生品和炮制品。本研究所建立的气相色谱-质谱联用方法可以揭示中药中挥发性成分的变化,为进一步探讨中药炮制机理提供一种实用的分析工具。