Construction of the First Certification Evaluation Index System for Diabetes Specialist Nurses by Delphi Method

Objective: To establish an evaluation index system for the first-time certification of diabetes specialist nurses in line with the clinical nursing practice in China, and to provide a reference basis for government administrations and hospitals to formulate unified standards. Methods: After the research team has determined the theme, it will consult the development of A) specialist nursing through the library, Internet and electronic literature database;B) the history of the development of specialist nurses in diabetes and other fields;C) the selection criteria of specialist nurses;D) the training of specialist nurses system, assessment method;E) Specialist nurse certification body, evaluation standards and certification standards and other related documents, literature, books and report materials. The author established the preliminary index system through literature review, specialist interview and group discussion and used Delphi method to organize three rounds of 30 experts’ consultations. Results: A first certification evaluation index system including 8 fundamental indicators, 5 first-level indicators, 19 second-level indicators and 99 third-level indicators was constructed for diabetes nurses. Conclusion: The results of three rounds of expert consultation and demonstration are reliable, and the constructed index system is suitable for comprehensive evaluation of diabetes specialist nurses, which provides a basis for the effective management of nursing resources.

Cross-protective effect of acid adaptation on ethanol tolerance in Salmonella Enteritidis

Cross protection can undermine the effectiveness of control measures on foodborne pathogens,and therefore brings major implications for food safety.In this work,the capacity of Salmonella Enteritidis to mount ethanol tolerance following acid adaptation was characterized by analysis of cell viability and cell membrane property.It was observed that preadaptation to pH 4.5 significantly(P<0.05)increased the tolerance of log-phase cells to ethanol;in contrast,stationary-phase cells displayed reduced ethanol tolerance after acid adaptation.However,acid adaptation did not cause cell leakage and morphological change in both log-phase and stationary-phase S.Enteritidis.Fatty acid analysis further revealed that the amount of C_(14:0),C_(17:0 cyclo) and C_(19:0 cyclo) fatty acids was increased,while that of C_(16:1ω7c) and C_(18:1ω7c) fatty acids was decreased,respectively,in response to acid adaptation,regardless of bacterial growth phase.Notably,acid adaptation significantly(P<0.05)increased the proportion of C_(16:0) fatty acid in log-phase cells,but this effect did not occur in stationary-phase cells.Moreover,exogenous addition of C_(16:0) fatty acid to stationary-phase acid-adapted cultures was able to enhance bacterial ethanol tolerance.Taken together,C_(16:0) fatty acid is involved in the growth-phase-dependent protective effect of acid adaptation on ethanol tolerance in S.Enteritidis.

Inpatient disease spectrum and clinical characteristics of surgical disorders in pediatric and adolescent gynecology:A single-institute study of 12 years data from China

To the Editor:Pediatric and adolescent gynecology(PAG)is a specialized branch of gynecology that focuses on reproductive health issues of women from infancy to adolescence.[1]In 1939,the Hungarian Dobszayrst established the new branch.Since then,the PAG subject has begun to develop and gradually matured in the past 80 years.While PAG has witnessed signicant development in western countries,a substantial unmet need persists in addressing specic health concerns among children and adolescents with gynecological disorders.

Application of Laparoscopy in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Pregnancy Complicated with Uterine Myomas

To editor:Uterine myomas are the most common benign tumors of the female reproductive system,with a reported prevalence of 0.1%to 3.9%during pregnancy.1 Among these,10%to 30%cause severe pregnancy complications including miscarriage,placenta previa,fetal growth restriction,preterm labor,fetal malpresentations,and postpartum hemorrhage related to the number,volume,and location of myomas.2,3 Uterine myomas are usually asymptomatic but occasionally may cause acute abdominal pain secondary to pedunculated myoma torsion or compression of urinary and gastrointestinal organs.

Meat juice contributes to the stability of ethanol adaptation in Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis

Stability assessme nt of observed tolerance phe no types is integral in un dersta nding stress adaptati on in food-borne pathogens.Therefore,the current work was carried out to determine whether ethanol adaptation induced by exposure to 5 percent ethanol for 60 min is a stable phenomenon in Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis.The capacity of Salmonella Enteritidis(S.Enteritidis)to maintain the acquired ethanol adaptation in the absenee of sublethal ethanol stress was investigated at 37℃,25℃ or 4℃ in Luria-Bertani broth and two types of meat juice.It was found that ethanol adaptation was completely reversed within 40 min at 37℃ or within 60 min at 25℃,but was stable at 4℃ for at least 48 h in the broth assay.Ethanol adaptation was retained in chicken juice during 60-min incubation at 25℃ or 48h incubation at 4℃.Moreover,exposure to pork juice stored at either 25℃ or 4℃ sigrdficantly(P<0.05)increased the ethanol toleranee of ethanol-adapted cells.Collectively,these fin dings suggest that ethanol adaptation stability in S.En teritidis under cold conditi ons and in meat juices should be take n into acco unt whe n con ducting a comprehensive risk analysis during food processing.