Study on the benef its of meteorological services for industries in China

It is very important to analyze and evaluate the benefi ts of meteorological services for policy decision-making and taking precautions against meteorological disasters.In this study,a model for evaluating the benef its of meteorological services for industries is constructed,with the combining method of dose-response and contingency assessment,and also absorbing other countries' experience.According to this model,and referring to the practical value of the contribution of meteorological services to typical enterprises,experts calculated the benef its of meteo-rological services for every industry.By applying this model,and taking the evaluation framework of "to determine which industries are meteorology-sensitive" - "to evaluate the benefi ts of meteorological services" - "to get the total benef its of meteorological service",evaluation and analysis on the total benef its of meteorological services was done with case study.According to this study,the annual mean benef its of meteorological services are known as no less than 279.3 billion yuan(cost excluded) in present national economical environment.

大型冷剪机箱体焊接变形控制

冷剪是冶金行业轧钢生产线中的重要设备之一,主要用于板材、型材、棒线材的剪切或是剪断,它具有维护方便、能耗低、效率高、污染小等特点[1]。近年来,随着我国的快速发展,钢板、型材及棒材的大量使用,对冷剪的需求量也随之增大。大型冷剪机箱体所用钢板均为中厚板,焊接量大,且焊接过程是局部加热的过程,在焊接制作过程中总要产生焊接应力和变形。焊接变形和应力直接影响结构的形状和尺寸误差,因此研究理解焊接变形和应力产生的原因、种类和影响因素,制定出合理的焊接工艺,以消除和减小焊接应力,进而控制焊接变形,确保产品结构和尺寸误差。