为获得耐温性能优良的压裂液,以丙烯酰胺(AM)、丙烯酸(AA)为骨架单体,2-丙烯酰胺基-2-甲基丙磺酸(AMPS)和β-环糊精(β-CD)为功能单体制得四元共聚物压裂液稠化剂(MASD),通过红外光谱仪和核磁共振波谱仪表征了MASD的结构,评价了MASD的性...为获得耐温性能优良的压裂液,以丙烯酰胺(AM)、丙烯酸(AA)为骨架单体,2-丙烯酰胺基-2-甲基丙磺酸(AMPS)和β-环糊精(β-CD)为功能单体制得四元共聚物压裂液稠化剂(MASD),通过红外光谱仪和核磁共振波谱仪表征了MASD的结构,评价了MASD的性能,研究了MASD和有机锆交联剂组成的压裂液的耐温抗剪切性和对岩心的伤害性。结果表明,在单体总加量23%、AM∶AA∶AMPS∶β-CD质量比7∶1∶1∶1、引发剂加量0.3%(以单体质量计)、溶液p H值为7、引发温度在40℃的条件下反应0.5 h后再在60℃下反应8 h制得的MASD在250℃下的化学结构稳定,具有良好的流变性和增黏能力,0.6%的MASD溶液室温下的黏度为72 m Pa·s,携砂性能较好,陶粒的沉降速率为1.78×10^(-4)m/min。0.6%MASD与0.5%有机锆交联剂组成的压裂液具有良好的耐温抗剪切能力,在120℃和140℃、170 s^(-1)下剪切90 min后的黏度约为170 m Pa·s;对岩心的伤害率低(14.27%),可用于中高温压裂施工。展开更多
Based on conventional high-altitude aerial and ground data, regional intensive rainfall data, Doppler weather radar and satellite cloud data, the occurrence and development process of a regional rainstorm in South Sha...Based on conventional high-altitude aerial and ground data, regional intensive rainfall data, Doppler weather radar and satellite cloud data, the occurrence and development process of a regional rainstorm in South Shaanxi during July 17 -18, 2010 was discussed deeply. The results showed that the occurrence and development of the mesoscale weather system resulted in the heavy storm directly besides favorable large-scale background, and the the occurrence and development of the system had strong local and sudden characters. In addition, heavily concentrated wa- ter vapor in the troposphere at low and middle altitudes as well as existence of unstable conditions of convection might be favorable to the develop- ment of the system, while dynamic action of terrain, ground weak cold front and disturbance of the low-level jet stream might trigger the occurrence and development of the system.展开更多
目的探讨A型肉毒毒素(botulinum toxin type A,BoNT-A)治疗原发性及面瘫后面肌痉挛患者痉挛及伴随联带运动的疗效差异。方法选取2009年1月-2018年7月具有联带运动的面瘫后面肌痉挛患者12例,按照1∶2配比性别无差异且具有联带运动的原发...目的探讨A型肉毒毒素(botulinum toxin type A,BoNT-A)治疗原发性及面瘫后面肌痉挛患者痉挛及伴随联带运动的疗效差异。方法选取2009年1月-2018年7月具有联带运动的面瘫后面肌痉挛患者12例,按照1∶2配比性别无差异且具有联带运动的原发性面肌痉挛患者24例,分析2组BoNT-A治疗后痉挛严重程度以及伴随联带运动的改善差异。结果面瘫后及原发性面肌痉挛患者在起效时间[(4.38±2.17)vs.(4.67±4.14)d],维持时间[(3.83±2.94)vs.(4.96±2.48)d],注射剂量[(31.35±12.30)vs.(26.98±8.75)U]方面无明显差异(P>0.05)。原发性面肌痉挛组患者满意度显著较高(84.79±19.81vs.64.17±31.54,P<0.05)。2组痉挛改善有效率均高于90%,组间无明显差异(91.67%vs.95.83%,P>0.05)。2组联带运动均有改善,但无明显差异(83.33%vs.58.33%,P>0.05)。5个自主动作相关联带运动改善方面仅发现原发性面肌痉挛患者噘嘴引起联带运动的改善有明显差异(P<0.05)。结论 BoNT-A可以显著改善原发性与面瘫后面肌痉挛患者的痉挛严重程度,在联带运动严重程度改善方面有一定疗效。原发性面肌痉挛患者噘嘴引起的联带运动在BoNT-A治疗后显著改善。展开更多
文摘为获得耐温性能优良的压裂液,以丙烯酰胺(AM)、丙烯酸(AA)为骨架单体,2-丙烯酰胺基-2-甲基丙磺酸(AMPS)和β-环糊精(β-CD)为功能单体制得四元共聚物压裂液稠化剂(MASD),通过红外光谱仪和核磁共振波谱仪表征了MASD的结构,评价了MASD的性能,研究了MASD和有机锆交联剂组成的压裂液的耐温抗剪切性和对岩心的伤害性。结果表明,在单体总加量23%、AM∶AA∶AMPS∶β-CD质量比7∶1∶1∶1、引发剂加量0.3%(以单体质量计)、溶液p H值为7、引发温度在40℃的条件下反应0.5 h后再在60℃下反应8 h制得的MASD在250℃下的化学结构稳定,具有良好的流变性和增黏能力,0.6%的MASD溶液室温下的黏度为72 m Pa·s,携砂性能较好,陶粒的沉降速率为1.78×10^(-4)m/min。0.6%MASD与0.5%有机锆交联剂组成的压裂液具有良好的耐温抗剪切能力,在120℃和140℃、170 s^(-1)下剪切90 min后的黏度约为170 m Pa·s;对岩心的伤害率低(14.27%),可用于中高温压裂施工。
文摘Based on conventional high-altitude aerial and ground data, regional intensive rainfall data, Doppler weather radar and satellite cloud data, the occurrence and development process of a regional rainstorm in South Shaanxi during July 17 -18, 2010 was discussed deeply. The results showed that the occurrence and development of the mesoscale weather system resulted in the heavy storm directly besides favorable large-scale background, and the the occurrence and development of the system had strong local and sudden characters. In addition, heavily concentrated wa- ter vapor in the troposphere at low and middle altitudes as well as existence of unstable conditions of convection might be favorable to the develop- ment of the system, while dynamic action of terrain, ground weak cold front and disturbance of the low-level jet stream might trigger the occurrence and development of the system.
文摘目的探讨A型肉毒毒素(botulinum toxin type A,BoNT-A)治疗原发性及面瘫后面肌痉挛患者痉挛及伴随联带运动的疗效差异。方法选取2009年1月-2018年7月具有联带运动的面瘫后面肌痉挛患者12例,按照1∶2配比性别无差异且具有联带运动的原发性面肌痉挛患者24例,分析2组BoNT-A治疗后痉挛严重程度以及伴随联带运动的改善差异。结果面瘫后及原发性面肌痉挛患者在起效时间[(4.38±2.17)vs.(4.67±4.14)d],维持时间[(3.83±2.94)vs.(4.96±2.48)d],注射剂量[(31.35±12.30)vs.(26.98±8.75)U]方面无明显差异(P>0.05)。原发性面肌痉挛组患者满意度显著较高(84.79±19.81vs.64.17±31.54,P<0.05)。2组痉挛改善有效率均高于90%,组间无明显差异(91.67%vs.95.83%,P>0.05)。2组联带运动均有改善,但无明显差异(83.33%vs.58.33%,P>0.05)。5个自主动作相关联带运动改善方面仅发现原发性面肌痉挛患者噘嘴引起联带运动的改善有明显差异(P<0.05)。结论 BoNT-A可以显著改善原发性与面瘫后面肌痉挛患者的痉挛严重程度,在联带运动严重程度改善方面有一定疗效。原发性面肌痉挛患者噘嘴引起的联带运动在BoNT-A治疗后显著改善。
