Effects of prebiotics on the fermentation of traditional suancai of Northeast China

Suancai is a traditional fermented vegetable widely consumed in Northeast China.In this study,different prebiotics were used to improve the quality of suancai.Four prebiotics(inulin(INU),xylooligosaccharide(XO S),galactooligosaccharide(GOS),and stachyose(STA))were shown to reduce the pH value and increase the content of total titratable acidity(TTA)in suancai,while the contents of most organic acids were also increased.The addition of prebiotics had significant effects on the bacterial microbiota during the suancai fermentation process.All prebiotics were shown to contribute to the growth of Lactobacillus.The suancai sample with fructooligosaccharides(FOS)had the highest relative abundance of Lactobacillus.Besides,INU and XOS could increase the abundance of Weissella.To evaluate the quality of suancai fermented with prebiotics,profiles of volatile flavor compounds(VOCs)and free amino acids(FAA)were analyzed.The prebiotics affected the VOCs and FAA profiles via transforming the bacterial microbiota.In addition,the addition of prebiotics also changed the taste profiles of the suancai samples.This study is among the first attempts to reveal the effects of different prebiotics on suancai fermentation,and the findings provide a foundation to develop new ways for improving the quality of suancai.

Effects of salt and rice flour concentration on microbial diversity and the quality of sour meat,a Chinese traditional meat

This study investigated the effects of salt(3%and 6%,m/m)and rice flour(10%and 20%,m/m)addition in sour meat,a traditional Chinese fermented meat.It was found that salt has greater effect than rice flour addition in spontaneous fermentation.Low-salt groups had lower pH and higher titratable total acid.In the low-salt groups,the dominant genera were Lactobacillus and Lactococcus,whereas Staphylococcus,Weissella,and Tetragenococcus were dominant in the high-salt groups.Higher total free amino acids and essential amino acids,organic acids,hexanoic acid ethyl ester and octanoic acid ethyl ester were found in the low-salt groups.The RDA analysis revealed that Lactococcus was closely related to product quality,with the S3F10(3%salt and 10%rice f lour)group outperforming the others in the sensory evaluation.Therefore,3%salt and 10%rice flour were considered more appropriate for the production of healthy and tasty fermented sour meats.

Melittin inhibited glycolysis and induced cell apoptosis in cisplatinresistant lung adenocarcinoma cells via TRIM8

Chemotherapy is widely used for non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC)patients at a late stage;however,NSCLC patients often acquire resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs,thus limiting the therapy efficacy.Melittin,a major component of bee venom,possesses anti-tumor activity in various cancer cells.Here,we examined the effects of melittin on A549/DDP cisplatin-resistant lung adenocarcinoma cells and xenografts formed from this cell line and investigated the possible target of melittin.Treatment with melittin resulted in the induction of cell apoptosis,glycolysis inhibition,and reduction of phosphorylated AKT(p-AKT)in A549/DDP cells.We also identified that tripartite motif-containing 8(TRIM8)was a potential target of melittin.Moreover,we found that TRIM8 mRNA expression was elevated in NSCLC specimens as compared to adjacent normal tissues(N=25)and that patients with high expression of TRIM8 had a poor prognosis for lung adenocarcinoma.The knockdown of TRIM8 had a similar effect of melittin,while overexpression of TRIM8 reversed the effects of melittin in A549/DDP cells.More importantly,we revealed that melittin enhanced cisplatin sensitivity in A549/DDP cells and tumor growth in vivo using a xenograft model of A549/DDP cells.In conclusion,melittin appears to be a potential chemotherapy sensitization agent in NSCLC.

Preliminary analysis of two NAC transcription factor expression patterns in Larix olgensis

The NAC transcription factor family is plant-specific with various biological functions.However,there are few studies on the NAC gene involving coniferous species.Bioinformatics research and expression analysis of NAC genes in Larix olgensis can be used to analyse the function of the NAC gene in the future.Screening of excellent genetic materials and molecular breeding have been utilized to cultivate high-quality,stress-resistant larches.According to the transcriptome data for L.olgensis,the genes Uni-gene81490 and Unigene70699 with complete ORFs(open reading frames)were obtained by conserved domain analy-sis and named LoNAC1 and LoNAC2,respectively.The cDNAs of LoNAC1 and LoNAC2 were 1971 bp and 1095 bp in length,encoding 656 and 364 amino acids,respectively.The molecular weights of the proteins encoded by the two genes were predicted to be 72.61 kDa and 41.13 kDa,and subcellular localization analysis indicated that the proteins were concentrated in the nucleus.The results of real-time quantitative PCR analysis showed that at different growth stages and in different tissues of L.olgensis,the relative expression levels of the two NAC genes were highest in the stem,and the expression differences were more obvious in non-lignified tissues.After drought,salt and alkali stress and hormone treatment,expression was induced to different degrees.The expression levels of LoNAC1 and LoNAC2 in semi-lignified L.olgensis were higher than in the other two periods(non-lignified and lignified),and expression levels significantly increased under drought and salt stress.Relative expression levels changed under hormone treatment.It is speculated that these two genes may not only be related to drought and salt stress and secondary growth but may also be induced by hormones such as abscisic acid.Overall,LoNAC1 and LoNAC2 are genetic materials that can be used for molecular breeding of larch.

DNA polymerase delta interacting protein 3 facilitates the activation and maintenance of DNA damage checkpoint in response to replication stress

Background:Replication stress response is crucial for the maintenance of a stable ge-nome.POLDIP3(DNA polymerase delta interacting protein 3)was initially identified as one of the DNA polymeraseδ(Polδ)interacting proteins almost 20 years ago.Using a variety of in vitro biochemical assays,we previously established that POLDIP3 is a key regulator of the enzymatic activity of Polδ.However,the in vivo function of POLDIP3 in DNA replication and DNA damage response has been elusive.Methods:We first generated POLDIP3 knockout(KO)cells using the CRISPR/Cas9 technology.We then investigated its biological functions in vivo using a variety of biochemical and cell biology assays.Results:We showed that although the POLDIP3-KO cells manifest no pronounced defect in global DNA synthesis under nonstress conditions,they are sensitive to a va-riety of replication fork blockers.Intriguingly,we found that POLDIP3 plays a crucial role in the activation and maintenance of the DNA damage checkpoint in response to exogenous as well as endogenous replication stress.Conclusion:Our results indicate that when the DNA replication fork is blocked,POLDIP3 can be recruited to the stalled replication fork and functions to bridge the early DNA damage checkpoint response and the later replication fork repair/restart.

强阻尼波动方程的近似惯性流形

本文主要研究了强阻尼波动方程的整体吸引子由光滑流形来逼近。构造了强阻尼波动方程的一个非线性近似惯性流形,并得到了该近似惯性流形逼近整体吸引子的阶数估计。

Masculinizer gene controls sexual differentiation in Hyphantria cunea

The Masculinizer gene,Masc,encodes a lepidopteran-specific novel CCCHtype zinc finger protein,which controls sex determination and dosage compensation in Bombyx mori.Considering the potential application of it in pest control,it is necessary to investigate the function of Masc gene in Hyphantria cunea,a globally invasive forest pest.In the present study,we identified and functionally characterized the Masc gene,HcMasc,in H.cunea.Sequence analysis revealed that HcMASC contained the conserved CCCH-type zinc finger domain,nuclear localization signal,and male determining domain,in which the last was confirmed to be required for its masculinization in BmN cell line.However,expression data showed that unlike male-biased expression in B.mori,Hc-Masc gene expresses in main all developmental stages or tissues in both sexes.Clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeats(CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9-based disruption of the common exons 1 and 3 of the HcMasc gene resulted in imbalanced sex ratio and abnormal external genitalia of both sexes.Our results suggest that the HcMasc gene is required for both male and female sexual differentiation and dosage compensation in H.cunea and provide a foundation for developing better strategies to control this pest.

Moderate papain addition improves the physicochemical,microbiological,flavor and sensorial properties of Chouguiyu,traditional Chinese fermented fish

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of papain on the physicochemical and microbiological properties,volatile compound profiles,and sensorial attributes of Chouguiyu.Papain was applied at a dose of 10,50,200,400 U/g fish.Results showed that papain addition improved the release of free amino acids,essential amino acids,eicosapentaenoi acid(EPA,C20:5n3),and docosapentenoic acid(DPA,C22:5n6),respectively.Lower biogenic amines content,higher the volatile compound concentrations and relative abundance of Lactobacillales were also observed.Further results showed that the papain dose group decreased the fermentation time from 10 to 7 days while good organoleptic quality was remained,especially in the 200 U/g dose group.The redundancy analysis(RDA)showed a high correlation between Lactobacillus and the key volatile compounds in the 200 U/g and 400 U/g groups,which indicated that Lactobacillus could contribute to the fatty flavor.In summary,proper papain addition(i.e.200 U/g or 400 U/g)could reduce biogenic amines contents and maintain acceptable sensorial properties of Chouguiyu in a shorter fermentation time.

新型Ru(Ⅱ)配合物的合成及其自组装膜的光电性能

合成了含芘基的新型钌(Ⅱ)配合物Ru-1,用1H-NMR和MS表征了这种配合物的分子结构。TG-DSC测试结果表明,Ru-1在一个较宽的温度范围内具有良好的热稳定性。在HOPG、石墨烯基电极表面组装了钌配合物分子膜,并对其进行了AFM、电化学及紫外可见吸收光谱等光电化学分析。结果表明,自组装膜的生长是均匀的,膜材料具有可逆的氧化还原过程,在0.47 V出现可逆的氧化还原峰。紫外可见吸收光谱表明,这种膜材料在较宽的紫外可见区表现出强且宽的吸收峰。钌配合物对石墨烯、HOPG炭素电极的修饰,使这类炭素电极具有良好的光电性能和稳定性。

Two-grid stabilized mixed finite element method for fully discrete reaction-diffusion equations

Two-grid mixed finite element method is proposed based on backward guler schemes for the unsteady reaction-diffusion equations. The scheme combines with the stabilized mixed finite element scheme by using the lowest equal-order pairs for the velocity and pressure. The space twogrid method is also used to reduce the time consuming. The benefits of this approach are to avoid the higher derivative, but to have more favorable stability, and to get the numerical solution of the two unknown variables simultaneously. Stability analysis and error estimates are given in this work. Finally, the theoretical results are verified by the numerical examples.

Determination of β-amyloid peptides in vitro aggregation process by electrochemistry

An impedimetric sensor(EA/mAb/CeZnO/GCE)for detecting β-amyloid peptides(Aβ)was successfully constructed by synthesizing ceria doped zinc oxide(CeZnO)nanoparticles to modify the glassy carbon electrode(GCE)for immobilizing the antibody mAb,and blocking the unbound carboxyl sites with ethanolamine(EA).The sensor exhibited a linear detection range of 10–100 pM and a detection limit of 1.7 pM(S/N=3),and the relative standard deviations(RSDs)of the inter-electrode and intra-electrodes were less than 3.0%.After it was stored at 4℃ for 2 d,its impedance value was 101.6% of original impedance response.The sensor was used to measure the remaining content of Aβ incubated in vitro.The results showed that after incubation for 48 h and 60 h,the content of aggregated Aβ(oligomers and fibers)almost unchanged,reaching about 90%.This method had the advantages of time-saving,simple procedure,economical,excellent conductivity,good reproducibility and stability.