Access to novel anti-diabetic agents in resource limited settings:A brief commentary

The prevalence of diabetes mellitus is increasing in resource limited settings.Simultaneously,there has been an increase in the number of novel therapies for the management of diabetes mellitus.However,use of novel antidiabetic therapies is limited because of major market access challenges in resource limited settings.Niching products to those patients with the highest absolute risk for major adverse cardiovascular outcomes,and thus most likely to benefit from the therapy,are less likely to have negative budget impact for funders.To improve access,and reduce morbidity and mortality,requires alignment amongst key stakeholders including patient advocacy groups,health care professional councils,national departments of health,the pharmaceutical industry,treasury and finance departments.

Glycated haemoglobin reduction and fixed ratio combinations of analogue basal insulin and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists:A systematic review

BACKGROUND Fixed ratio combinations(FRCs)of analogue basal insulin and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists are a newer addition to the therapeutic armamentarium for the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus.They reduce treatment complexity by combining two injectables in a single daily injectable,thus potentially improving adherence and persistence.Clinicians wanting to use FRCs would need to choose between members of the class.AIM To describe and contrast the glycated haemoglobin reduction of two FRCs of analogue basal insulin and glucagon like peptide-1 receptor agonist in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.METHODS The following Population,Intervention,Comparison,Outcome question was used for the primary analysis:Among adult patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus[P],what is the effect of iGlarLixi[I]compared to IDegLira[C]for bringing about glycaemic control(as measured by reduction in glycosylated haemoglobin)[O]?The Prisma Statement was used as a guideline for framing this systematic review.We searched PubMed,EMBASE and Cochrane library databases and Clinicaltrials.gov using various keywords and medical search headings related to type 2 diabetes mellitus,iGlarlixi,IDegLira and glycated haemoglobin A1c.RESULTS All 14 studies identified by the systematic search met the primary efficacy endpoint of reduction in glycated haemoglobin.There were no head-to-head studies between the FRCs of iGlarlixi and IDegLira,and we therefore did an indirect comparison based on a common comparator of insulin glargine U100.Both iGlarLixi and IDegLira effectively reduce glycated haemoglobin when compared to insulin glargine U100.However,using indirect comparisons,IDegLira had a greater haemoglobin A1c reducing ability(0.6%vs 0.3%).The indirect comparison is limited by the differences between the studies;the fasting blood glucose targets were slightly higher for iGlarLixi studies when compared to the IDegLira studies(4.0-5.0 mmol/L and 4.4-5.6 mmol/L),and the IDegLira study used a greater average dose of insulin glargine when compared to the iGlarLixi studies(66 U/d vs 40 U/d).CONCLUSION Both iGlarLixi and IDegLira effectively reduce glycated haemoglobin.Indirect comparisons,using insulin glargine as the common comparator,suggest that IDegLira reduces glycated haemoglobin to a greater extent than iGlarLixi.However,given the limitations of indirect comparisons,robust head to head studies and real-world data would better inform clinician choice and clinical practice guidelines.