脑性瘫痪(cerebral palsy,CP)是早产儿常见且严重的并发症,严重威胁早产儿健康。越来越多的证据表明,产前应用硫酸镁进行神经保护可减少早产儿CP的发生。2019年加拿大妇产科医生协会(The Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists o...脑性瘫痪(cerebral palsy,CP)是早产儿常见且严重的并发症,严重威胁早产儿健康。越来越多的证据表明,产前应用硫酸镁进行神经保护可减少早产儿CP的发生。2019年加拿大妇产科医生协会(The Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada,SOGC)归纳和整理了硫酸镁胎儿神经保护作用的最新临床研究证据,针对使用硫酸镁的孕龄、时机、给药方案、是否需要二次用药及新生儿复苏等临床问题,给出了相应临床意见和推荐。现对其推荐要点进行解读,以期为我国医务工作者提供借鉴。展开更多
早产在全球分娩中的发生率为5%~18%,是导致新生儿死亡及其他不良结局的主要原因,许多存活早产儿需要面临终生残疾,包括学习障碍、视力和听力问题,其中70%~80%为自发性早产(spontaneous preterm birth,SPB),另20%~30%为治疗性早产。孕酮...早产在全球分娩中的发生率为5%~18%,是导致新生儿死亡及其他不良结局的主要原因,许多存活早产儿需要面临终生残疾,包括学习障碍、视力和听力问题,其中70%~80%为自发性早产(spontaneous preterm birth,SPB),另20%~30%为治疗性早产。孕酮是维持妊娠的重要物质,越来越多的研究表明经阴道使用孕酮可以预防SPB的发生,2020年加拿大妇产科医生协会(The Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada,SOGC)归纳和总结了孕酮预防SPB的最新临床研究证据,针对使用孕酮预防SPB的作用机制、适宜人群、不宜人群、使用剂量、使用时机及药物不良反应等临床问题,给出了临床指导和推荐,同时该指南比较了孕酮疗法与宫颈环扎术、阴道宫颈托及卧床休息等预防SPB措施的有效性。本文对其推荐要点进行了解读,以期为我国医务工作者提供借鉴。展开更多
Increased circulating branched-chain amino acids(BCAAs)have been involved in the pathogenesis of obesity and insulin resistance.However,evidence relating berberine(BBR),gut microbiota,BCAAs,and insulin resis⁃tance is ...Increased circulating branched-chain amino acids(BCAAs)have been involved in the pathogenesis of obesity and insulin resistance.However,evidence relating berberine(BBR),gut microbiota,BCAAs,and insulin resis⁃tance is limited.Here,we showed that BBR could effectively rectify steatohepatitis and glucose intolerance in high-fat diet(HFD)-fed mice.BBR reorganized gut microbiota populations under both the normal chow diet(NCD)and HFD.Particu⁃larly,BBR noticeably decreased the relative abundance of BCAA-producing bacteria,including order Clostridiales;fami⁃lies Streptococcaceae,Clostridiaceae,and Prevotellaceae;and genera Streptococcus and Prevotella.Compared with the HFD group,predictive metagenomics indicated a reduction in the proportion of gut microbiota genes involved in BCAA biosynthesis but the enrichment genes for BCAA degradation and transport by BBR treatment.Accordingly,the elevated serum BCAAs of HFD group were significantly decreased by BBR.Furthermore,the Western blotting results implied that BBR could promote the BCAA catabolism in the liver and epididymal white adipose tissues of HFD-fed mice by acti⁃vation of the multienzyme branched-chain α-ketoacid dehydrogenase complex,whereas by inhibition of the phosphoryla⁃tion state of BCKDHA(E1α subunit)and branched-chain α-ketoacid dehydrogenase kinase.The ex vivo assay further confirmed that BBR could increase BCAA catabolism in both AML12 hepatocytes and 3T3-L1 adipocytes.Finally,data from healthy subjects and diabetics confirmed that BBR could improve glycemic control and modulate circulating BCAAs.Besides,functional microbiomics integrated high-throughput microbial genomics,metabolomics and molecular biotechnology has also been successfully applied to reveal the anti-obesity mechanism of hydroxysafflor yellow A.展开更多
Chinese medicine cinobufacini is an extract from the dried skin of Bufo bufo gargarizans Cantor,with active ingredients of bufadienolides and indole alkaloids.With further research and clinical applications,it is foun...Chinese medicine cinobufacini is an extract from the dried skin of Bufo bufo gargarizans Cantor,with active ingredients of bufadienolides and indole alkaloids.With further research and clinical applications,it is found that cinobufacini alone or in combination with other therapeutic methods can play an anti-tumor role by controlling proliferation of tumor cells,promoting apoptosis,inhibiting formation of tumor neovascularization,reversing multidrug resistance,and regulating immune response;it also has the functions of relieving cancer pain and regulating immune function.In this paper,the chemical composition,pharmacological effects,clinical applications,and adverse reactions of cinobufacini are summarized.However,the extraction of monomer components of cinobufacini,the relationship between different mechanisms,and the causes of adverse reactions need to be further studied.Also,high-quality clinical studies should be conducted.展开更多
文摘脑性瘫痪(cerebral palsy,CP)是早产儿常见且严重的并发症,严重威胁早产儿健康。越来越多的证据表明,产前应用硫酸镁进行神经保护可减少早产儿CP的发生。2019年加拿大妇产科医生协会(The Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada,SOGC)归纳和整理了硫酸镁胎儿神经保护作用的最新临床研究证据,针对使用硫酸镁的孕龄、时机、给药方案、是否需要二次用药及新生儿复苏等临床问题,给出了相应临床意见和推荐。现对其推荐要点进行解读,以期为我国医务工作者提供借鉴。
文摘早产在全球分娩中的发生率为5%~18%,是导致新生儿死亡及其他不良结局的主要原因,许多存活早产儿需要面临终生残疾,包括学习障碍、视力和听力问题,其中70%~80%为自发性早产(spontaneous preterm birth,SPB),另20%~30%为治疗性早产。孕酮是维持妊娠的重要物质,越来越多的研究表明经阴道使用孕酮可以预防SPB的发生,2020年加拿大妇产科医生协会(The Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada,SOGC)归纳和总结了孕酮预防SPB的最新临床研究证据,针对使用孕酮预防SPB的作用机制、适宜人群、不宜人群、使用剂量、使用时机及药物不良反应等临床问题,给出了临床指导和推荐,同时该指南比较了孕酮疗法与宫颈环扎术、阴道宫颈托及卧床休息等预防SPB措施的有效性。本文对其推荐要点进行了解读,以期为我国医务工作者提供借鉴。
文摘Increased circulating branched-chain amino acids(BCAAs)have been involved in the pathogenesis of obesity and insulin resistance.However,evidence relating berberine(BBR),gut microbiota,BCAAs,and insulin resis⁃tance is limited.Here,we showed that BBR could effectively rectify steatohepatitis and glucose intolerance in high-fat diet(HFD)-fed mice.BBR reorganized gut microbiota populations under both the normal chow diet(NCD)and HFD.Particu⁃larly,BBR noticeably decreased the relative abundance of BCAA-producing bacteria,including order Clostridiales;fami⁃lies Streptococcaceae,Clostridiaceae,and Prevotellaceae;and genera Streptococcus and Prevotella.Compared with the HFD group,predictive metagenomics indicated a reduction in the proportion of gut microbiota genes involved in BCAA biosynthesis but the enrichment genes for BCAA degradation and transport by BBR treatment.Accordingly,the elevated serum BCAAs of HFD group were significantly decreased by BBR.Furthermore,the Western blotting results implied that BBR could promote the BCAA catabolism in the liver and epididymal white adipose tissues of HFD-fed mice by acti⁃vation of the multienzyme branched-chain α-ketoacid dehydrogenase complex,whereas by inhibition of the phosphoryla⁃tion state of BCKDHA(E1α subunit)and branched-chain α-ketoacid dehydrogenase kinase.The ex vivo assay further confirmed that BBR could increase BCAA catabolism in both AML12 hepatocytes and 3T3-L1 adipocytes.Finally,data from healthy subjects and diabetics confirmed that BBR could improve glycemic control and modulate circulating BCAAs.Besides,functional microbiomics integrated high-throughput microbial genomics,metabolomics and molecular biotechnology has also been successfully applied to reveal the anti-obesity mechanism of hydroxysafflor yellow A.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82274084)Inheritance and Innovation of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Key Scientific Research Project of"Qin Medicine"Development of Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine(No.2021-02-22-007)Subject Innovation Team of Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine(No.2019-YL10)。
文摘Chinese medicine cinobufacini is an extract from the dried skin of Bufo bufo gargarizans Cantor,with active ingredients of bufadienolides and indole alkaloids.With further research and clinical applications,it is found that cinobufacini alone or in combination with other therapeutic methods can play an anti-tumor role by controlling proliferation of tumor cells,promoting apoptosis,inhibiting formation of tumor neovascularization,reversing multidrug resistance,and regulating immune response;it also has the functions of relieving cancer pain and regulating immune function.In this paper,the chemical composition,pharmacological effects,clinical applications,and adverse reactions of cinobufacini are summarized.However,the extraction of monomer components of cinobufacini,the relationship between different mechanisms,and the causes of adverse reactions need to be further studied.Also,high-quality clinical studies should be conducted.
