Molecule‑Level Multiscale Design of Nonflammable Gel Polymer Electrolyte to Build Stable SEI/CEI for Lithium Metal Battery

The risk of flammability is an unavoidable issue for gel polymer electrolytes(GPEs).Usually,flameretardant solvents are necessary to be used,but most of them would react with anode/cathode easily and cause serious interfacial instability,which is a big challenge for design and application of nonflammable GPEs.Here,a nonflammable GPE(SGPE)is developed by in situ polymerizing trifluoroethyl methacrylate(TFMA)monomers with flame-retardant triethyl phosphate(TEP)solvents and LiTFSI–LiDFOB dual lithium salts.TEP is strongly anchored to PTFMA matrix via polarity interaction between-P=O and-CH_(2)CF_(3).It reduces free TEP molecules,which obviously mitigates interfacial reactions,and enhances flame-retardant performance of TEP surprisingly.Anchored TEP molecules are also inhibited in solvation of Li^(+),leading to anion-dominated solvation sheath,which creates inorganic-rich solid electrolyte interface/cathode electrolyte interface layers.Such coordination structure changes Li^(+)transport from sluggish vehicular to fast structural transport,raising ionic conductivity to 1.03 mS cm^(-1) and transfer number to 0.41 at 30℃.The Li|SGPE|Li cell presents highly reversible Li stripping/plating performance for over 1000 h at 0.1 mA cm^(−2),and 4.2 V LiCoO_(2)|SGPE|Li battery delivers high average specific capacity>120 mAh g^(−1) over 200 cycles.This study paves a new way to make nonflammable GPE that is compatible with Li metal anode.

Comparative study of clinical efficacy of laparoscopic proximal gastrectomy with double-channel anastomosis and tubular gastroesophageal anastomosis

BACKGROUND According to statistics,the incidence of proximal gastric cancer has gradually increased in recent years,posing a serious threat to human health.Tubular gastroesophageal anastomosis and double-channel anastomosis are two relatively mature anti-reflux procedures.A comparison of these two surgical procedures,tubular gastroesophageal anastomosis and double-channel anastomosis,has rarely been reported.Therefore,this study aimed to investigate the effects of these two reconstruction methods on the quality of life of patients with proximal gastric cancer after proximal gastrectomy.AIM To compare short-term clinical results of laparoscopic proximal gastrectomy with double-channel anastomosis vs tubular gastric anastomosis.METHODS Patients who underwent proximal gastrectomy at our hospital between January 2020 and January 2023 were enrolled in this retrospective cohort study.The patients were divided into an experimental group(double-channel anastomosis,33 cases)and a control group(tubular gastric anastomosis,30 cases).Baseline characteristics,surgical data,postoperative morbidities,and postoperative nutrition were recorded.RESULTS The differences in baseline data,surgical data,and postoperative complications(20.0%vs 21.2%)were not statistically significant between the two groups.There were no statistically significant differences in the levels of postoperative nutrition indicators between the two groups of patients during the preoperative period and at 3 months postoperatively.In addition,the levels of postoperative nutrition indicators in patients in the experimental group declined significantly less at 6 months and 12 months postoperatively compared with those of the control group(P<0.05).At 12 months postoperatively,the difference in anastomotic reflux esophagitis between the two groups was statistically significant(P<0.05)with the experimental group showing less reflux esophagitis.CONCLUSION Both double-channel anastomosis and tubular gastric anastomosis after proximal gastrectomy are safe and feasible.Double-channel anastomosis has a better anti-reflux effect and is more beneficial in improving the postoperative nutritional status.

Application of ultrasound elastography and splenic size in predicting post-hepatectomy liver failure:Unveiling new clinical perspectives

In this article,we discuss the study by Cheng et al,published in the World Journal of Gastroenterology,focusing on predictive methods for post-hepatectomy liver failure(PHLF).PHLF is a common and serious complication,and accurate prediction is critical for clinical management.The study examines the potential of ultrasound elastography and splenic size in predicting PHLF.Ultrasound elastography reflects liver functional reserve,while splenic size provides additional predictive value.By integrating these factors with serological markers,we developed a comprehensive prediction model that effectively stratifies patient risk and supports personalized clinical decisions.This approach offers new insights into predicting PHLF.These methods not only assist clinicians in identifying high-risk patients earlier but also provide scientific support for personalized treatment strategies.Future research will aim to validate the model's accuracy with larger sample sizes,further enhancing the clinical application of these non-invasive indicators.

Mach reflection and pressure/heating loads on V-shaped blunt leading edges with variable cross-sections and crotches

The primary Mach Reflection(MR)and pressure/heating loads on V-shaped Blunt Leading Edges(VBLEs)with variable elliptic cross-sections and conic crotches are theoretically investigated in this study.The simplified continuity method is used to forecast the shock configurations.The theoretical predictions and the numerical simulations for the Mach stem and the triple point as well as the curved shock accord well.Based on the theoretical model,an analysis of the impact of the axial ratio a/b of the cross-sectional shape and the eccentricity e of the crotch sweep path on shock structures is carried out.The shock configurations obtained from the theoretical model enable the derivation of the transition boundaries between the primary MR and the same family Regular Reflection(sRR).It is found that the increase of a/b and e can both facilitate the primary MR to sRR transition.The resulting transition and the corresponding generation of the wall pressure and heat flux are then investigated.The results indicate that higher values of the ratio a/b can significantly reduce the wall pressure and heating loads by inducing the primary MR to sRR transition.Conversely,the increase in the eccentricity e results in increased loads,despite causing the same transition.

Femtosecond mode-locking and soliton molecule generation based on a GaAs saturable absorber

In the last few years,research on advanced ultrafast photonic devices has attracted great interest from laser physicists.As a semiconductor material with excellent nonlinear saturation absorption characteristics,Ga As has been used in solidstate and fiber lasers as a mode-locker.However,the pulse widths that have been reported in the searchable published literature are all long and the shortest is tens of picoseconds.Femtosecond pulse widths,desired for a variety of applications,have not yet been reported in Ga As-based pulsed lasers.In this work,we further explore the nonlinear characteristics of Ga As that has been magnetron sputtered onto the surface of a tapered fiber and its application in the generation of femtosecond lasing via effective dispersion optimization and nonlinearity management.With the enhanced interaction between evanescent waves and Ga As nanosheets,mode-locked soliton pulses as short as 830 fs are generated at repetition rates of 4.64 MHz.As far as we know,this is the first time that femtosecond-level pulses have been generated with a Ga As-based saturable absorber.In addition,soliton molecules,including in the dual-pulse state,are also realized under stronger pumping.This work demonstrates that Ga As-based photonic devices have good application prospects in effective polymorphous ultrashort pulsed laser generation.

Database of ternary amorphous alloys based on machine learning

The unique long-range disordered atomic arrangement inherent in amorphous materials endows them with a range of superior properties,rendering them highly promising for applications in catalysis,medicine,and battery technology,among other fields.Since not all materials can be synthesized into an amorphous structure,the composition design of amorphous materials holds significant importance.Machine learning offers a valuable alternative to traditional“trial-anderror”methods by predicting properties through experimental data,thus providing efficient guidance in material design.In this study,we develop a machine learning workflow to predict the critical casting diameter,glass transition temperature,and Young's modulus for 45 ternary reported amorphous alloy systems.The predicted results have been organized into a database,enabling direct retrieval of predicted values based on compositional information.Furthermore,the applications of high glass forming ability region screening for specified system,multi-property target system screening and high glass forming ability region search through iteration are also demonstrated.By utilizing machine learning predictions,researchers can effectively narrow the experimental scope and expedite the exploration of compositions.

CLIP4Video-Sampling: Global Semantics-Guided Multi-Granularity Frame Sampling for Video-Text Retrieval

Video-text retrieval (VTR) is an essential task in multimodal learning, aiming to bridge the semantic gap between visual and textual data. Effective video frame sampling plays a crucial role in improving retrieval performance, as it determines the quality of the visual content representation. Traditional sampling methods, such as uniform sampling and optical flow-based techniques, often fail to capture the full semantic range of videos, leading to redundancy and inefficiencies. In this work, we propose CLIP4Video-Sampling: Global Semantics-Guided Multi-Granularity Frame Sampling for Video-Text Retrieval, a global semantics-guided multi-granularity frame sampling strategy designed to optimize both computational efficiency and retrieval accuracy. By integrating multi-scale global and local temporal sampling and leveraging the CLIP (Contrastive Language-Image Pre-training) model’s powerful feature extraction capabilities, our method significantly outperforms existing approaches in both zero-shot and fine-tuned video-text retrieval tasks on popular datasets. CLIP4Video-Sampling reduces redundancy, ensures keyframe coverage, and serves as an adaptable pre-processing module for multimodal models.

PEG4000/聚苯胺形状稳定复合相变材料的制备及其储热性能

以聚苯胺气凝胶(PANI)为支撑骨架,聚乙二醇4000(PEG4000)为相变材料,银纳米线(AgNWs)为导热增强填料,采用低温氧化聚合法和真空浸渍法制备得到具有良好形状和循环稳定性的定形相变复合材料PEG4000@Ag/PANI.聚苯胺气凝胶的高孔隙率及PEG4000与基体材料间的氢键作用和毛细作用,使得相变复合材料的最高负载率能够达到94.17%(熔融焓为165.17 J·g^(–1),凝固焓为152.77 J·g^(–1));加入AgNWs与PANI气凝胶共同搭建导热通路,提高了相变复合材料的导热性能(热导率最高为0.45 W·m^(–1)·K^(–1),比纯PEG4000提高80%);借助Ag NWs和聚苯胺优异的光吸收能力,相变复合材料的光–热转换效率达到90.61%.高储能密度、高光热转换能力和高热导率定形相变复合材料的成功制备为新型相变复合材料的合成提供了新思路,为太阳能光–热转换和储能应用提供了新材料,实现对太阳能的高效利用.

考虑相含量的TC17钛合金线性摩擦焊中的残余应力

为了获得准确的TC17钛合金线性摩擦焊中的残余应力,建立TC17钛合金弹性常数与相分数之间的数值关系。结合焊接区域的相分数,获得呈梯度分布的弹性常数,并将其引入轮廓法进行计算。结果表明,TC17钛合金的弹性常数与α相分数呈正相关,在宽度约4 mm的焊接区域呈现明显的梯度分布特征;若忽略相分数的梯度分布,计算残余应力时相对误差可达36.06%;修正后的残余应力呈双峰分布,在热影响区边缘处达到峰值,约为442 MPa。这说明考虑相分数的梯度分布是必要的。

基于多性状模型内蒙古绒山羊早期生长性状基因组预测准确性研究

内蒙古绒山羊是经过长期自然选择和人工选育后形成的优良家畜品种,是目前世界一流的绒肉兼用山羊。多性状动物模型被认为可以显著提高畜禽遗传评估的准确性,实现性状间的间接选择。本文基于内蒙古绒山羊个体的系谱、基因型、环境以及早期生长性状的表型记录,建立多性状动物模型,利用ABLUP、GBLUP、ssGBLUP三种方法进行早期生长性状(初生重、断乳重、断乳前平均日增重、周岁重)遗传参数及基因组育种值的估计,进一步利用五倍交叉验证方法评价基因组育种值估计准确性和可靠性。结果显示,3种方法估计的初生重遗传力为0.13~0.15,断乳重遗传力为0.13~0.20,日增重遗传力为0.11~0.14,周岁重遗传力为0.09~0.14,均属于中等偏低遗传力;断乳重和日增重、日增重和周岁重之间存在强的正遗传相关,相关系数分别为0.77~0.79和0.56~0.67,表型相关发现同样的规律;ABLUP、GBLUP和ssGBLUP法估计的初生重育种值准确性分别为0.5047、0.6694、0.7156,断乳重分别为0.6207、0.6456、0.7254;日增重分别为0.6110、0.6855、0.7357,周岁重分别为0.6209、0.7155、0.7756。综上所述,内蒙古绒山羊早期生长性状属于中等偏低遗传力,对其进行遗传选育改良速度相对较慢;通过对断乳重的选择可以实现其他生长性状的遗传改良;ssGBLUP方法估计内蒙古绒山羊早期生长性状基因组育种值的准确性和可靠性均最高,且显著高于ABLUP法,说明该方法是内蒙古绒山羊早期性状基因组选育的最佳方法。

Epidemiological and clinical features,treatment status,and economic burden of traumatic spinal cord injury in China:a hospital-based retrospective study

Traumatic spinal cord injury is potentially catastrophic and can lead to permanent disability or even death.China has the largest population of patients with traumatic spinal cord injury.Previous studies of traumatic spinal cord injury in China have mostly been regional in scope;national-level studies have been rare.To the best of our knowledge,no national-level study of treatment status and economic burden has been performed.This retrospective study aimed to examine the epidemiological and clinical features,treatment status,and economic burden of traumatic spinal cord injury in China at the national level.We included 13,465 traumatic spinal cord injury patients who were injured between January 2013 and December 2018 and treated in 30 hospitals in 11 provinces/municipalities representing all geographical divisions of China.Patient epidemiological and clinical features,treatment status,and total and daily costs were recorded.Trends in the percentage of traumatic spinal cord injuries among all hospitalized patients and among patients hospitalized in the orthopedic department and cost of care were assessed by annual percentage change using the Joinpoint Regression Program.The percentage of traumatic spinal cord injuries among all hospitalized patients and among patients hospitalized in the orthopedic department did not significantly change overall(annual percentage change,-0.5%and 2.1%,respectively).A total of 10,053(74.7%)patients underwent surgery.Only 2.8%of patients who underwent surgery did so within 24 hours of injury.A total of 2005(14.9%)patients were treated with high-dose(≥500 mg)methylprednisolone sodium succinate/methylprednisolone(MPSS/MP);615(4.6%)received it within 8 hours.The total cost for acute traumatic spinal cord injury decreased over the study period(-4.7%),while daily cost did not significantly change(1.0%increase).Our findings indicate that public health initiatives should aim at improving hospitals’ability to complete early surgery within 24 hours,which is associated with improved sensorimotor recovery,increasing the awareness rate of clinical guidelines related to high-dose MPSS/MP to reduce the use of the treatment with insufficient evidence.

Inter-layer interference for multi-layered tight gas reservoir in the absence and presence of movable water

Due to the dissimilarity among different producing layers,the influences of inter-layer interference on the production performance of a multi-layer gas reservoir are possible.However,systematic studies of inter-layer interference for tight gas reservoirs are really limited,especially for those reservoirs in the presence of water.In this work,five types of possible inter-layer interferences,including both absence and presence of water,are identified for commingled production of tight gas reservoirs.Subsequently,a series of reservoir-scale and pore-scale numerical simulations are conducted to quantify the degree of influence of each type of interference.Consistent field evidence from the Yan'an tight gas reservoir(Ordos Basin,China)is found to support the simulation results.Additionally,suggestions are proposed to mitigate the potential inter-layer interferences.The results indicate that,in the absence of water,commingled production is favorable in two situations:when there is a difference in physical properties and when there is a difference in the pressure system of each layer.For reservoirs with a multi-pressure system,the backflow phenomenon,which significantly influences the production performance,only occurs under extreme conditions(such as very low production rates or well shut-in periods).When water is introduced into the multi-layer system,inter-layer interference becomes nearly inevitable.Perforating both the gas-rich layer and water-rich layer for commingled production is not desirable,as it can trigger water invasion from the water-rich layer into the gas-rich layer.The gas-rich layer might also be interfered with by water from the neighboring unperforated water-rich layer,where the water might break the barrier(eg weak joint surface,cement in fractures)between the two layers and migrate into the gas-rich layer.Additionally,the gas-rich layer could possibly be interfered with by water that accumulates at the bottom of the wellbore due to gravitational differentiation during shut-in operations.

Wetting-drying effect on the strength and microstructure of cementphosphogypsum stabilized soils

Phosphogypsum has often been used as an effective and environmentally friendly binder for partial replacement of cement,improving the engineering properties of slurries with high water content.However,the influence of phosphogypsum on the physicomechnical properties of stabilized soil subjected to wettingedrying cycles is not well understood to date.In this study,the effect of phosphogypsum on the durability of stabilized soil was studied by conducting a series of laboratory experiments,illustrating the changes in mass loss,pH value and unconfined compressive strength(qu)with wettingdrying cycles.The test results showed that the presence of phosphogypsum significantly restrained the mass loss in the early stage(lower than the 4th cycle),which in turn led to a higher qu of stabilized soil than that without phosphogypsum.After the 4th cycle,a sudden increase in mass loss was observed for stabilized soil with phosphogypsum,resulting in a significant drop in qu to a value lower than those without phosphogypsum at the 6th cycle.In addition,the qu of stabilized soils correlated well with the measured soil pH irrespective of phosphogypsum content for all wettingedrying tests.According to the microstructure observation via scanning electron microscope(SEM)and X-ray diffraction(XRD)tests,the mechanisms relating the sudden loss of qu for the stabilized soils with phosphogypsum after the 4th wetting-drying cycle are summarized as follows:(i)the disappearance of ettringite weakening the cementation bonding effect,(ii)the generation of a larger extent of microcrack,and(iii)a lower pH value,in comparison with the stabilized soil without phosphogypsum.

绿色发展和共同富裕的耦合协调研究

绿色发展是高质量发展的基本要求,并在经济高质量发展中推动共同富裕,探究绿色发展和共同富裕之间的关系是促进经济高质量发展的重要课题。基于2011—2020年30个省(自治区、直辖市)的面板数据,通过实证检验绿色发展和共同富裕的耦合协调关系的研究发现:绿色发展对共同富裕具有显著正向作用;绿色发展对共同富裕的影响具有中介效应,绿色发展通过绿色技术创新和产业结构升级间接驱动共同富裕,且这种影响均具有门槛效应,即随着绿色技术创新水平和产业结构升级水平的提高,绿色发展对共同富裕的促进作用会增强;绿色发展对共同富裕的影响存在地区和人口密度的异质性;绿色发展和共同富裕存在良性互动的耦合协调关系。因此,要加大对绿色技术创新的投入和支持力度,引导产业进行绿色转型升级,制定区域差异化的绿色发展目标和措施,增强不同群体对绿色发展和共同富裕的认同和参与度。

高质量农村职业教育助推共同富裕:内在逻辑与实践路径

共同富裕是中国特色社会主义的本质要求,是中国共产党领导中国人民全面建成社会主义现代化强国的发展目标和历史使命。实现中国特色社会主义共同富裕,必须物质富裕和精神富裕并重。农村职业教育肩负着开发和培育农村人才资源的重要使命。农村职业教育和共同富裕之间的内在逻辑表现在:共同富裕通过明确农村职业教育的功能定位和要求优化农村职业教育的要素资源,为高质量发展农村职业教育提供动力方向;高质量农村职业教育通过赋能乡村高素质人力资本供给和有效促进社会城乡公平为实现共同富裕提供重要支撑。从发挥政府主导作用、积极探索差异化人才培养模式、构建灵活多元的专业课程体系、强化农村职业学校精神文化建设能力等方面探讨高质量农村职业教育助推共同富裕的实践路径,可以为实现共同富裕提出建设性政策建议。

Effectiveness and safety of combined nimotuzumab and S-1 chemotherapy with concurrent radiotherapy for locally advanced esophageal cancer in malnourished and elderly patients:A prospective phaseⅡstudy

Objective:Definitive chemoradiotherapy(dCRT)is the standard treatment for unresectable locally advanced esophageal cancer.However,this treatment is associated with substantial toxicity,and most malnourished or elderly patients are unable to complete this therapy.Therefore,there is a need for a more suitable radiotherapy combination regimen for this population.This study was aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a combination regimen comprising chemotherapy with nimotuzumab and S-1 and concurrent radiotherapy for patients with fragile locally advanced esophageal cancer with a high Nutritional Risk Screening 2002(NRS-2002)score.Methods:Eligible patients with unresectable esophageal carcinoma who had an NRS-2002 score of 2 or higher were enrolled.They were treated with S-1 and nimotuzumab with concurrent radiotherapy,followed by surgery or definitive radiotherapy.The primary endpoint was the locoregional control(LRC)rate.Results:A total of 55 patients who met the study criteria were enrolled.After completion of treatment,surgery was performed in 15 patients and radiotherapy was continued in 40 patients.The median follow-up period was 33.3[95%confidence interval(95%CI,31.4−35.1)]months.The LRC rate was 77.2%(95%CI,66.6%−89.4%)at 1 year in the entire population.The overall survival(OS)rate and event-free survival(EFS)rate were 57.5%and 51.5%at 3 years,respectively.Surgery was associated with better LRC[hazard ratio(HR)=0.16;95%CI,0.04−0.70;P=0.015],OS(HR=0.19;95%CI,0.04−0.80;P=0.024),and EFS(HR=0.25;95%CI,0.08−0.75;P=0.013).Most adverse events were of grade 1 or 2,and no severe adverse events occurred.Conclusions:For malnourished or elderly patients with locally advanced esophageal cancer,radiotherapy combined with nimotuzumab and S-1 is effective and has a good safety profile.

A Two-Layer Encoding Learning Swarm Optimizer Based on Frequent Itemsets for Sparse Large-Scale Multi-Objective Optimization

Traditional large-scale multi-objective optimization algorithms(LSMOEAs)encounter difficulties when dealing with sparse large-scale multi-objective optimization problems(SLM-OPs)where most decision variables are zero.As a result,many algorithms use a two-layer encoding approach to optimize binary variable Mask and real variable Dec separately.Nevertheless,existing optimizers often focus on locating non-zero variable posi-tions to optimize the binary variables Mask.However,approxi-mating the sparse distribution of real Pareto optimal solutions does not necessarily mean that the objective function is optimized.In data mining,it is common to mine frequent itemsets appear-ing together in a dataset to reveal the correlation between data.Inspired by this,we propose a novel two-layer encoding learning swarm optimizer based on frequent itemsets(TELSO)to address these SLMOPs.TELSO mined the frequent terms of multiple particles with better target values to find mask combinations that can obtain better objective values for fast convergence.Experi-mental results on five real-world problems and eight benchmark sets demonstrate that TELSO outperforms existing state-of-the-art sparse large-scale multi-objective evolutionary algorithms(SLMOEAs)in terms of performance and convergence speed.

Multiframe-integrated, in-sensor computing using persistent photoconductivity

The utilization of processing capabilities within the detector holds significant promise in addressing energy consumption and latency challenges. Especially in the context of dynamic motion recognition tasks, where substantial data transfers are necessitated by the generation of extensive information and the need for frame-by-frame analysis. Herein, we present a novel approach for dynamic motion recognition, leveraging a spatial-temporal in-sensor computing system rooted in multiframe integration by employing photodetector. Our approach introduced a retinomorphic MoS_(2) photodetector device for motion detection and analysis. The device enables the generation of informative final states, nonlinearly embedding both past and present frames. Subsequent multiply-accumulate (MAC) calculations are efficiently performed as the classifier. When evaluating our devices for target detection and direction classification, we achieved an impressive recognition accuracy of 93.5%. By eliminating the need for frame-by-frame analysis, our system not only achieves high precision but also facilitates energy-efficient in-sensor computing.

A novel strain of Levilactobacillus brevis PDD-5 isolated from salty vegetables has beneficial effects on hyperuricemia through anti-inflammation and improvement of kidney damage

Hyperuricemia is a metabolic disorder caused by abnormal purine metabolism,resulting in abnormally high serum uric acid.In this study,a novel Levilactobacillus brevis PDD-5 isolated from salty vegetables was verified with the function of alleviating hyperuricemia.The relevant effects of L.brevis PDD-5 in lowering uric acid were analyzed by in vitro and in vivo experiments.The results showed that the L.brevis PDD-5 has(68.86±15.46)%of inosine uptake capacity and(95.75±3.30)%of guanosine uptake capacity in vitro.Oral administration of L.brevis PDD-5 to hyperuricemia rats reduced uric acid,creatinine,and urea nitrogen in serum,as well as decreased inosine and guanosine levels in the intestinal contents of rats.Analysis of relevant markers in the kidney by ELISA kits revealed that L.brevis PDD-5 alleviated oxidative stress and inflammation.Moreover,the gene expression of uric acid transporter 1(URAT1)and glucose transporter 9(GLUT9)was down-regulated,and the gene expression of organic anion transporter 1(OAT1)was up-regulated after treatment with L.brevis PDD-5.Western blot analysis showed that L.brevis PDD-5 alleviated hyperuricemia-induced kidney injury through the NLRP3 pathway.The se findings suggest that L.brevis PDD-5 can lower uric acid,repair kidney damage,and also has the potential to prevent uric acid nephropathy.

Distinct molecular targets of ProEGCG from EGCG and superior inhibition of angiogenesis signaling pathways for treatment of endometriosis

Endometriosis is a common chronic gynecological disease with endometrial cell implantation outside the uterus.Angiogenesis is a major pathophysiology in endometriosis.Our previous studies have demonstrated that the prodrug of epigallocatechin gallate(ProEGCG)exhibits superior anti-endometriotic and anti-angiogenic effects compared to epigallocatechin gallate(EGCG).However,their direct binding targets and underlying mechanisms for the differential effects remain unknown.In this study,we demonstrated that oral ProEGCG can be effective in preventing and treating endometriosis.Additionally,1D and 2D Proteome Integral Solubility Alteration assay-based chemical proteomics identified metadherin(MTDH)and PX domain containing serine/threonine kinase-like(PXK)as novel binding targets of EGCG and ProEGCG,respectively.Computational simulation and BioLayer interferometry were used to confirm their binding affinity.Our results showed that MTDH-EGCG inhibited protein kinase B(Akt)-mediated angiogenesis,while PXK-ProEGCG inhibited epidermal growth factor(EGF)-mediated angiogenesis via the EGF/hypoxia-inducible factor(HIF-1a)/vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)pathway.In vitro and in vivo knockdown assays and microvascular network imaging further confirmed the involvement of these signaling pathways.Moreover,our study demonstrated that ProEGCG has superior therapeutic effects than EGCG by targeting distinct signal transduction pathways and may act as a novel antiangiogenic therapy for endometriosis.