热化学储热具有储能密度大、循环性能好、储存时间长且热损失小等优点,在提高能源利用率、减少碳排放方面具有广阔的前景。在大规模系统流程应用前,通过实验检测、动力学计算、数值模拟仿真等手段对储热材料进行适用性判断具有重要意义...热化学储热具有储能密度大、循环性能好、储存时间长且热损失小等优点,在提高能源利用率、减少碳排放方面具有广阔的前景。在大规模系统流程应用前,通过实验检测、动力学计算、数值模拟仿真等手段对储热材料进行适用性判断具有重要意义。本文以硅胶为例,使用核磁共振仪检测其储热前后内部水结合形式及其含量的变化,进而计算确定了硅胶储热过程中的热化学反应方程式。根据热重分析仪(TGA)实验数据,对硅胶热分解反应进行了非等温动力学计算,得到其反应活化能为66.75 kJ/mol,且随着反应进程的推进,硅胶脱水反应整体呈活化能减小态势,其最概然机理函数为三维扩散模型,水蒸气在气固反应界面的三维扩散速率是影响总反应速率的关键。由差示扫描量热仪(DSC)实验得出,硅胶在100℃左右吸热速率达到顶峰,约为0.87 kW/kg,储热密度为1030.89 k J/kg。使用计算所得动力学参数在Fluent软件中对反应器内储热过程进行了模拟,采用Pearson相关系数作为实验与数值模拟结果的相关性评价指标,结果表明数值模拟预测值与实验值具有良好的一致性。展开更多
The working principle of a controllable on-demand heating system based on off-peak electricity energy storage(COHSBOEES) is as follows: the cheap off-peak electricity energy is converted into heat energy for storage i...The working principle of a controllable on-demand heating system based on off-peak electricity energy storage(COHSBOEES) is as follows: the cheap off-peak electricity energy is converted into heat energy for storage in the evening, and the heat energy can be extracted on demand for heating during daytime peak or flat electricity periods. This technology can promote the smooth operation of the power grid, solve the problem of peak regulation for the electrical network, and promote renewable energy consumption. Based on the controllable on-demand heating strategy, a COHSBOEES for a heating area of 1000 m^2 was designed and built. Variations in the energy consumption and operating cost of the COHSBOEES in different heating situations were analyzed. The results showed that, off-peak electricity energy storage for heating was energy saving in comparison with central heating when the heating intensity of the COHSBOEES was 70 W/m^2 and the on-demand heating rate was less than 73.0%, and the off-peak electricity energy storage for heating was energy saving at any on-demand heating rate when the COHSBOEES had a heating intensity of 50 W/m^2. After the COHSBOEES has been running for three complete heating seasons, when the off-peak electricity price was 0.25 yuan/kW·h, the energy consumption cost of the COHSBOEES can be saved by 77.6% in comparison with central heating.展开更多
Thermal energy storage(TES)using phase change materials(PCMs)is a powerful solution to the improvement of energy efficiency.The application of Ammonium alum(A-alum,NH4Al(SO_(4))_(2)·12H_(2)O)in the latent thermal...Thermal energy storage(TES)using phase change materials(PCMs)is a powerful solution to the improvement of energy efficiency.The application of Ammonium alum(A-alum,NH4Al(SO_(4))_(2)·12H_(2)O)in the latent thermal energy storage(LTES)systems is hampered due to its high supercooling and low thermal conductivity.In this work,modified A-alum(M-PCM)containing different nucleating agents was prepared and further adsorbed in expanded graphite(EG)to obtain composite phase change material(CPCM)to overcome the disadvantages of A-alum.Thermal properties,thermal cycle stability,microstructure and chemical compatibility of CPCM were characterized by differential scanning calorimetry,thermal constant analysis,scanning electron microscopy,X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy.The cold rewarming phenomenon of CPCM was established and explained.Results showed that the latent heat and melting point of CPCM were 187.22 J/g and 91.54℃,respectively.The supercooling of CPCM decreased by 9.61℃,and thermal conductivity increased by 27 times compared with pure A-alum.Heat storage and release tests indicated that 2 wt%calcium chloride dihydrate(CCD,CaCl_(2)·2H_(2)O)was the optimum nucleating agent for A-alum.The result of TG and 30 thermal cycles revealed that CPCM exhibited favorable thermal stability and reliability during the operating temperature.The prepared modified A-alum/EG CPCM has a promising application prospect for LTES.展开更多
文摘热化学储热具有储能密度大、循环性能好、储存时间长且热损失小等优点,在提高能源利用率、减少碳排放方面具有广阔的前景。在大规模系统流程应用前,通过实验检测、动力学计算、数值模拟仿真等手段对储热材料进行适用性判断具有重要意义。本文以硅胶为例,使用核磁共振仪检测其储热前后内部水结合形式及其含量的变化,进而计算确定了硅胶储热过程中的热化学反应方程式。根据热重分析仪(TGA)实验数据,对硅胶热分解反应进行了非等温动力学计算,得到其反应活化能为66.75 kJ/mol,且随着反应进程的推进,硅胶脱水反应整体呈活化能减小态势,其最概然机理函数为三维扩散模型,水蒸气在气固反应界面的三维扩散速率是影响总反应速率的关键。由差示扫描量热仪(DSC)实验得出,硅胶在100℃左右吸热速率达到顶峰,约为0.87 kW/kg,储热密度为1030.89 k J/kg。使用计算所得动力学参数在Fluent软件中对反应器内储热过程进行了模拟,采用Pearson相关系数作为实验与数值模拟结果的相关性评价指标,结果表明数值模拟预测值与实验值具有良好的一致性。
基金The author gratefully acknowledges the financial support from the National Key Research and Development Plan of China(No.2018YFB0605901).
文摘The working principle of a controllable on-demand heating system based on off-peak electricity energy storage(COHSBOEES) is as follows: the cheap off-peak electricity energy is converted into heat energy for storage in the evening, and the heat energy can be extracted on demand for heating during daytime peak or flat electricity periods. This technology can promote the smooth operation of the power grid, solve the problem of peak regulation for the electrical network, and promote renewable energy consumption. Based on the controllable on-demand heating strategy, a COHSBOEES for a heating area of 1000 m^2 was designed and built. Variations in the energy consumption and operating cost of the COHSBOEES in different heating situations were analyzed. The results showed that, off-peak electricity energy storage for heating was energy saving in comparison with central heating when the heating intensity of the COHSBOEES was 70 W/m^2 and the on-demand heating rate was less than 73.0%, and the off-peak electricity energy storage for heating was energy saving at any on-demand heating rate when the COHSBOEES had a heating intensity of 50 W/m^2. After the COHSBOEES has been running for three complete heating seasons, when the off-peak electricity price was 0.25 yuan/kW·h, the energy consumption cost of the COHSBOEES can be saved by 77.6% in comparison with central heating.
基金supported by the National key research and development plan of China(No.2022YFC3800401)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(FRF-BD-20-09A).
文摘Thermal energy storage(TES)using phase change materials(PCMs)is a powerful solution to the improvement of energy efficiency.The application of Ammonium alum(A-alum,NH4Al(SO_(4))_(2)·12H_(2)O)in the latent thermal energy storage(LTES)systems is hampered due to its high supercooling and low thermal conductivity.In this work,modified A-alum(M-PCM)containing different nucleating agents was prepared and further adsorbed in expanded graphite(EG)to obtain composite phase change material(CPCM)to overcome the disadvantages of A-alum.Thermal properties,thermal cycle stability,microstructure and chemical compatibility of CPCM were characterized by differential scanning calorimetry,thermal constant analysis,scanning electron microscopy,X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy.The cold rewarming phenomenon of CPCM was established and explained.Results showed that the latent heat and melting point of CPCM were 187.22 J/g and 91.54℃,respectively.The supercooling of CPCM decreased by 9.61℃,and thermal conductivity increased by 27 times compared with pure A-alum.Heat storage and release tests indicated that 2 wt%calcium chloride dihydrate(CCD,CaCl_(2)·2H_(2)O)was the optimum nucleating agent for A-alum.The result of TG and 30 thermal cycles revealed that CPCM exhibited favorable thermal stability and reliability during the operating temperature.The prepared modified A-alum/EG CPCM has a promising application prospect for LTES.
