Experimental Investigation and Numerical Analysis to Develop Low-Energy Large-Midwater Trawls

Fuel consumption in fisheries is a primary concern because of its effects on the environment and the costs incurred by fishermen. Many studies have been conducted to reduce the fuel consumption in fishing operations. Fuel consumption due to fishing gear during a fishing operation is generally related to the hydrodynamic resistance on the gear. This means that fuel consumption is proportional to the drag created by the towing speed. Based on numerical methods, this study suggests a new approach to reduce fuel consumption in fisheries. The results of the simulation are in good agreement with those of model experiments. The total as well as partial resistance forces on the gear are calculated by simulation. The simulation results suggest improved materials and gear structure for reducing the hydrodynamic forces on the gear while maintaining gear performance. The method for assessing the gear performance involves measuring the height and width of the net mouth. Furthermore, this study investigates the efficiency of a low-energy trawl from an economic point of view. The findings of this study will be useful in reducing greenhouse gas （GHG） emissions in fishing operations, and thereby contribute toward lowering fishing costs by saving fuel.

Osteochondral lesion of talus with gout tophi deposition:A case report

BACKGROUND Osteochondral lesion of talus is a broad term used to describe an injury or abnormality of the talar articular cartilage and adjacent bone.It arises from diverse causes,and although trauma is implicated in many cases,it does not account for the etiology of every lesion.Gout is a chronic arthritic disease caused by excess levels of uric acid in blood.Intraosseous deposition of monosodium urate in the clavicle,femur,patella and calcaneus was reported previously.Gout is common disease but rare at a young age,especially during teenage years.Osteochondral lesion caused by intra-articular gouty invasion is very rare.CASE SUMMARY We encountered a rare case of a 16-year-old male who has osteochondral lesion of the talus(OLT)with gout.He had fluctuating pain for more than 2 years.We could see intra-articular tophi with magnetic resonance image(MRI)and arthroscopy.We performed arthroscopic exploration,debridement and microfracture.Symptoms were resolved after operation,and bony coverage at the lesion was seen on postoperative images.We had checked image and uric acid levels for 18 mo.CONCLUSION It is rare to see OLT with gouty tophi in young adults.While it is challenging,the accuracy of diagnosis can be improved through history taking,MRI and arthroscopy.

Ag-GST/HfO_(x)-based unidirectional threshold switching selector with low leakage current and threshold voltage distribution for high-density cross-point arrays

The use of electrochemical-metallization-based volatile threshold switching selectors in cross-point arrays has been widely explored owing to their high on-off ratios and simple structure.However,these devices are unsuitable for cross-point architectures because of the difficulty in controlling the random filament formation that results in large fluctuations in the threshold voltage during operation.In this study,we investigated the unidirectional threshold transition characteristics associated with an Ag/GST/HfO_(x)/Pt-based bilayer selector and demonstrated the occurrence of a low leakage current(<1×10^(-11) A) and low distribution of the threshold voltage(Δ0.11 V).The bilayer structure could control the filament formation in the intermediate state through the insertion of an HfO_(x) tunneling barrier.By stacking a bilayer selector with NiO_(x)based resistive random-access memory,the leakage and programming currents of the device could be significantly decreased.For the crossbar array configuration,we performed equivalent circuit analysis of a one-selector oneresistor(1S1R) devices and estimated the optimal array size to demonstrate the applicability of the proposed structure.The maximum acceptable crossbar array size of the 1S1R device with the Ag/GST/HfO_(x)/Pt/Ti/NiO_(x)/Pt structure was 5.29×10^(14)(N^(2),N=2.3×10^(7)).

Biocompatible custom ceria nanoparticles against reactive oxygen species resolve acute inflammatory reaction after intracerebral hemorrhage

Intracerebral hemorrhage （ICH） is a devastating subtype of stroke with a high mortality rate, for which there currently is no effective treatment. A perihematomal edema caused by an intense inflammatory reaction is more deleterious than the hematoma itself and can result in neurological deterioration and death. Ceria nanoparticles （CeNPs） are potent free radical scavengers with potential for biomedical applications. As oxidative stress plays a major role in post-ICH inflammation, we hypothesized that CeNPs might protect against ICH. To test this hypothesis, core CeNPs were synthesized using a modified reverse micelle method and covered with phospholipid-polyethylene glycol （PEG） to achieve biocompatibility. We investigated whether our custom-made biocompatible CeNPs have protective effects against ICH. The CeNPs reduced oxidative stress, hemin-induced cytotoxicity, and inflammation in vitro. In a rodent ICH model, intravenously administered CeNPs were mainly distributed in the hemorrhagic hemisphere, suggesting that they could diffuse through the damaged blood-brain barrier. Moreover, CeNPs attenuated microglia/macrophage recruitment around the hemorrhagic lesion and inflammatory protein expression. Finally, CeNP treatment reduced the brain edema by 68.4% as compared to the control. These results reveal the great potential of CeNPs as a novel therapeutic agent for patients with ICH.

Multivalent network modifier upregulates bioactivity of multispecies biofilm-resistant polyalkenoate cement

Polyalkenoate cement(PAC)is a promising material for regenerative hard tissue therapy.The ionically rich glass component of PAC encourages bioactive interaction via.the release of essential ions.However,PAC bioactivity is restricted owing to(i)structurally inherent cationic network formers and(ii)surface bacterial biofilm formation.These two factors cause a deficiency in ion release,further complicated by secondary infections and premature therapeutic failure.Here,a multivalent zwitterionic network modifier(mZM)is presented for upregulation of ionic exchange and bioactivity enhancement.By introducing a non-zero charged mZM into PACs,an increase in the proportion of non-bridging oxygen occurs.The network modification promotes ion channel formation,causing a multiple-fold increase in ion release and surface deposition of hydroxy-carbonate apatite(ca.74%).Experiments ex vivo and animal models also demonstrate the efficient remineralization ability of the mZM.Furthermore,divalent cationic interaction results in bacterial biofilm reduction(ca.68%)while also influencing a shift in the biofilm species composition,which favors commensal growth.Therefore,PAC modification with mZM offers a promising solution for upregulation of bioactivity,even aiding in customization by targeting site-specific regenerative therapy in future applications.