Value of glucose transport protein 1 expression in detecting lymph node metastasis in patients with colorectal cancer

BACKGROUND There are limited data on the use of glucose transport protein 1(GLUT-1)expre-ssion as a biomarker for predicting lymph node metastasis in patients with colorectal cancer.GLUT-1 and GLUT-3,hexokinase(HK)-II,and hypoxia-induced factor(HIF)-1 expressions may be useful biomarkers for detecting primary tumors and lymph node metastasis when combined with fluorodeoxyglucose(FDG)uptake on positron emission tomography/computed tomography(PET/CT).AIM To evaluate GLUT-1,GLUT-3,HK-II,and HIF-1 expressions as biomarkers for detecting primary tumors and lymph node metastasis with 18F-FDG-PET/CT.METHODS This retrospective study included 169 patients with colorectal cancer who underwent colectomy and preoperative 18F-FDG-PET/CT at Chungbuk National University Hospital between January 2009 and May 2012.Two tissue cores from the central and peripheral areas of the tumors were obtained and were examined by a dedicated pathologist,and the expressions of GLUT-1,GLUT-3,HK-II,and HIF-1 were determined using immunohisto-chemical staining.We analyzed the correlations among their expressions,various clinicopathological factors,and the maximum standardized uptake value(SUVmax)of PET/CT.RESULTS GLUT-1 was found at the center or periphery of the tumors in 109(64.5%)of the 169 patients.GLUT-1 positivity was significantly correlated with the SUVmax of the primary tumor and lymph nodes,regardless of the biopsy site(tumor center,P<0.001 and P=0.012;tumor periphery,P=0.030 and P=0.010,respectively).GLUT-1 positivity and negativity were associated with higher and lower sensitivities of PET/CT,respectively,for the detection of lymph node metastasis,regardless of the biopsy site.GLUT3,HK-II,and HIF-1 expressions were not significantly correlated with the SUVmax of the primary tumor and lymph nodes.CONCLUSION GLUT-1 expression was significantly correlated with the SUVmax of 18F-FDG-PET/CT for primary tumors and lymph nodes.Clinicians should consider GLUT-1 expression in preoperative endoscopic biopsy in interpreting PET/CT findings.

Endoscopic radial incision and cutting technique for treatment-naive stricture of colorectal anastomosis:Two case reports

BACKGROUND Anastomotic stenosis(AS)after colorectal surgery was treated with balloon dilation,endoscopic procedure or surgery.The endoscopic procedures including dilation,electrocautery incision,or radial incision and cutting(RIC)were preferred because of lower complication rates than surgery and are less invasive.Endoscopic RIC has a greater success rate than dilation methods.Most reports showed that repeated RICs were needed to maintain patency of the anastomosis.We report that single session RIC was applied only to treatment-naive patients with AS.CASE SUMMARY Two female patients presented with AS.One patient had advanced rectal cancer and the other had a refractory stenosis following surgery for endometriosis at sigmoid colon.The endoscopic RIC procedure was performed as follows.A single small incision was carefully made to increase the view of the proximal colon and the incision was expanded until the surgical stapling line.Finally,we made a further circumferential excision with endoscopic knife along the inner border of the surgical staple line.At the end of the procedure,the standard colonoscope was able to pass freely through the widened opening.All patients showed improved AS after a single session of RIC without immediate or delayed procedure-related complications.Follow-up colonoscopy at 7 and 8 mo after endoscopic RIC revealed intact anastomotic sites in both patients.No treatment-related adverse events or recurrence of the stenosis was demonstrated during follow-up periods of 20 and 23 mo.CONCLUSION The endoscopic RIC may play a role as one of treatment options for treatmentnaive AS with short stenotic lengths.

Transanal minimally invasive surgery using laparoscopic instruments of the rectum:A review

Transanal minimally invasive surgery(TAMIS)was first described in 2010 as an alternative to transanal endoscopic microsurgery(TEM).The TAMIS technique can be access to the proximal and mid-rectum for resection of benign and earlystage malignant rectal lesions and also used for noncurative intent surgery of more advanced lesions in patients who are not candidates for radical surgery.TAMIS has a shorter learning curve,reduced device setup time,flexibility in instrument use,and versatility in application than TEM.Also,TAMIS shows similar results in a view of the operation time,conversion rate,reoperation rate,and complication to TEM.For these reasons,TAMIS is an easily accessible,technically feasible,and cost-effective alternative to TEM.Overall,TAMIS has enabled the performance of high-quality local excision of rectal lesions by many colorectal surgeons.As TAMIS becomes more broadly utilized such as pelvic abscess drainage,rectal stenosis,and treatment of anastomotic dehiscence,the acquisition of appropriate training must be ensured,and the continued assessment and assurance of outcome must be maintained.

Successful treatment of basaloid squamous cell carcinoma in the rectosigmoid colon: A case report and review of literature

BACKGROUND Compared with colorectal adenocarcinoma,basaloid squamous cell carcinomas(BSCCs)arising in the colorectum are rare and have very poor prognosis.To date,only nine cases have been reported.Most BSCCs are extensively involved in metastasis to the lymph node,liver,and lung at diagnosis.Despite many clinicians attempting to effectively treat BSCCs,therapeutic consensus has not been established due to lack of information.CASE SUMMARY A 58-year-old woman presented with abdominal pain,diarrhea,fever,and hematochezia.She was referred from a department of gynecology and was diagnosed with a suspicious leiomyosarcoma of the rectum or a pedunculated myoma of the uterus.An exophytic growing mass at the right lateral wall of the rectum with an internal cystic portion and hemorrhage was observed on magnetic resonance imaging.The patient underwent low anterior resection and total hysterectomy with bilateral salphingo-oophorectomy.Histopathological findings revealed a cellular mass with a solid growth pattern and few glandular structures,many foci of intratumoral necrosis,and a palisading pattern.The pathologist diagnosed tumor as a BSCC,and the patient received chemotherapy with fluorouracil/leucovorin without radiotherapy.The patient is currently alive 8 years after the surgery with no manifestations of metastatic colon cancer.CONCLUSION Our case suggest that curative resection and chemotherapy play important roles in improving survival,and radiotherapy may be an option to avoid radiationassociated enteritis.