Optimization of Waste Gate Drive Circuit of Two-Stage Turbocharging System

A two stage turbocharging control system was proposed,in which the pressure regulator valve with a close-loop pressure adjusting function instead of a high speed on-off solenoid valve,is used as a driving mechanism of waste gate.A digital-analog（DA）conversion circuit based on pulse width modulation（PWM）generates one analog voltage signal required by the pressure regulating valve control.The principle of the DA conversion circuit was analyzed,meanwhile,the performance of the conversion circuit was improved by adopting a speed-up capacitor,which helps to increase the stability and responsiveness of the control voltage generated by the conversion circuit;the structure parameters of the circuit was optimized by simulation.After the optimization,the ripple wave of circuit output voltage was kept within16mV under the 12bit conversion accuracy,the conversion time of the circuit could be reduced to 4ms.The engine bench test show that the turbocharging boost pressure control system which adopted the circuit had a rather good stable control accuracy（the steady state within 0.8%）and dynamic response（the regulation time is less than 4s）.

沙棘中白雀木醇表征方法及其分布规律

【目的】本论文基于一种高效、准确白雀木醇表征方法,对沙棘资源中的白雀木醇进行准确定量,探究沙棘资源中白雀木醇的含量变化规律,为沙棘中白雀木醇的开发利用提供参考。【方法】对比了气相色谱法(GC)和高效液相色谱法(HPLC)两种测试手段的优缺点,采用较优的液相色谱测试方法对包括沙棘果、沙棘籽、沙棘叶在内的沙棘资源中白雀木醇含量变化进行了研究。【结果】采用液相色谱-蒸发光散射法测定沙棘资源中的白雀木醇,该法呈现良好的线性关系(R2=0.998 5),且精密度高(RSD≤0.53%)、准确度高(RSD≤1.16%)、重复性好(RSD≤1.71%)。研究结果显示,沙棘中不同部位的白雀木醇含量差异显著(P <0.01),其中沙棘叶中白雀木醇含量最高(59.73 mg/g,干叶),其次为沙棘果肉(2.19 mg/g,鲜果肉)和沙棘籽(0.39 mg/g,鲜籽);收集5月份至9月份不同生长阶段的沙棘叶,研究表明,随着叶子生长白雀木醇含量呈现为逐渐升高趋势,且7月份至8月份期间增速最大,9月份含量积累至最高(64.79 mg/g,干叶)。【结论】液相色谱-蒸发光散射法检测白雀木醇含量,操作简便、并且精密度、准确度高、重复性好;沙棘叶中白雀木醇含量较果实丰富,沙棘叶中白雀木醇含量9月份累积至最高,本研究可为沙棘资源中白雀木醇的开发应用提供有效数据支撑。

我国肉类加工业“十三五”期间发展状况及趋势

肉类加工业是重要的传统民生产业,是国民经济的支柱产业,在实施制造强国战略和推进健康中国建设中发挥着重要作用。本文全面、系统介绍“十三五”期间我国肉类加工产业的发展状况,指出发展需求,并从产品结构调整、营养功能调控、冷链物流建设和绿色智能化制造四方面对未来肉类加工领域的研究及发展趋势进行深入剖析,以期为产业寻求发展突破提供参考。

Geology and mineralization of the Dayin’gezhuang supergiant gold deposit(180 t)in the Jiaodong Peninsula,China:A review

The Dayin’gezhuang gold deposit is located in the central part of the Zhaoping Fault metallogenic belt in the Jiaodong gold province-the world’s third-largest gold metallogenic area.It is a typical successful case of prospecting at a depth of 500-2000 m in recent years,with cumulative proven gold resources exceeding 180 t.The main orebodies(No.1 and No.2 orebody)generally have a pitch direction of NNE and a plunge direction of NEE.As the ore-controlling fault,the Zhaoping Fault is a shovel-shaped stepped fault,with its dip angle presenting stepped high-to-low transitions at the elevation of -2000-0 m.The gold mineralization enrichment area is mainly distributed in the step parts where the fault plane changes from steeply to gently,forming a stepped metallogenic pattern from shallow to deep.It can be concluded from previous studies that the gold mineralization of the Dayin’gezhuang gold deposit occurred at about 120 Ma.The ore-forming fluids were H_(2)O-CO_(2)-NaCl-type hydrothermal solutions with a medium-low temperature and medium-low salinity.The H-O isotopic characteristics indicate that the fluids in the early ore-forming stage were possibly magmatic water or mantle water and that meteoric water gradually entered the ore-forming fluids in the late ore-forming stage.The S and Pb isotopes indicate that the ore-forming materials mainly originate from the lower crust and contain a small quantity of mantle-derived components.The comprehensive analysis shows that the Dayin’gezhuang gold deposit was formed by thermal uplifting-extensional tectonism.The strong crust-mantle interactions,large-scale magmatism,and the material exchange arising from the transformation from adakitic granites to arc granites and from the ancient lower crust to the juvenile lower crust during the Early Cretaceous provided abundant fluids and material sources for mineralization.Moreover,the detachment faults formed by the rapid magmatic uplift and the extensional tectonism created favorable temperature and pressure conditions and space for fluid accumulation and gold precipitation and mineralization.

心理护理结合分娩球对初产妇产程及分娩结局的影响

目的探讨心理护理结合分娩球对初产妇产程及分娩结局的影响。方法选取2021年1月至2022年1月我院收治的100例初产妇,随机分为观察组(心理护理结合分娩球干预)与对照组(常规护理),比较两组的分娩结局、产程、疼痛程度以及不良情绪。结果观察组的阴道分娩率高于对照组,第一、第二、第三产程时间均短于对照组,疼痛程度低于对照组(P<0.05)。干预后,两组的SAS、SDS评分均低于干预前,且观察组的SAS、SDS评分均低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论心理护理结合分娩球可缩短初产妇的产程,减轻疼痛感,缓解不良情绪,提高阴道分娩率。

抗野值自适应卡尔曼滤波在频率标准上的应用

针对频率标准受器件老化、电磁干扰或机械振动冲击等影响导致其输出频率产生异常的问题,提出一种抗野值自适应卡尔曼滤波算法。该算法在传统卡尔曼滤波算法的基础上,增加抗野值因子对滤波方程的数据进行加权,根据平均频率误差的协方差变化自适应调整修正权值,增加当前测量值在滤波中的占有比重而不改变原有属性。仿真结果表明:该算法不仅具有较高的检测概率及较低的虚警概率,同时也能够对测量误差导致的野值进行有效剔除。

A preliminary study on ore-forming environments of Xianglushan-type iron deposit and the weathering mineralization of Emeishan basalt in Guizhou Province, China

Xianglushan-type iron deposits are one of the new types of iron deposits found in the Weining Area of Western Guizhou. The iron-bearing rock system is a paleo-weathered crustal sedimentary(or accumulating) stratum between the top of the Middle-Late Permian Emeishan basalt formation and the Late Permian Xuanwei formation. Iron ore is hosted in the Lower-Middle part of the rock system. In terms of the genesis of mineral deposit, this type of deposit should be a basalt paleo-weathering crustal redeposit type, very different from marine sedimentary iron deposits or continental weathering crust iron deposits. Based on field work and the analytical results of XRD Powder Diffraction, Electron Probe, Scanner Electron Microscope, etc., the geological setting of the ore-forming processes and the deposit features are illustrated in this paper. The ore-forming environment of the deposit and the Emeishan basalt weathering mineralization are also discussed in order to enhance the knowledge of the universality and diversity of mineralization of the Emeishan Large Igneous Province(ELIP), which may be a considerable reference to further research for ELIP metallogenic theories, and geological research for iron deposits in the paleo-weathering crust areas of the Emeishan basalt,Southwestern, China.

A virtual test and evaluation method for fully mechanized mining production system with diferent smart levels

A smart fully mechanized coal mining working face is comprised of various heterogeneous equipment that work together in unknown coal seam environments.The goal is to form a smart operational system with comprehensive perception,decisionmaking,and control.This involves many work points and complex coupling relationships,indicating it needs to be performed in stages and coordinated to address key problems in all directions and along multiple points.However,there are no existing unifed test or analysis tools.Therefore,this study proposed a virtual test and evaluation method for a fully mechanized mining production system with diferent smart levels.This is based on the concept of“real data processing–virtual scene construction–setting key information points–virtual operation and evaluation.”The actual operational data for a specifc working face geology and equipment were reasonably transformed into a visual virtual scene through a movement relationship model.The virtual operations and mining conditions of the working face were accurately reproduced.Based on the sensor and execution error analyses for diferent smart levels,the input interface for sensing,decision-making,and control was established for each piece of equipment,and an operation evaluation system was constructed.The system comprehensively simulates and tests the key points of sensing decision-making and control with various smart levels.The experimental results showed that the virtual scene constructed based on actual operational data has a high simulation degree.Users can simulate,analyze,and evaluate the overall operations of the smart mining 2.0–4.0 working face by inputting key information.The future direction for the smart development of fully mechanized mining is highlighted.

Primary myelofibrosis with thrombophilia as first symptom combined with thalassemia and Gilbert syndrome:A case report

BACKGROUND A 46-year-old Han man first had sigmoid sinus and transverse sinus venous thrombosis at the age of 42.At the age of 44,he once again developed thrombosis.Genetic testing showed heterozygous SERPINC1 mutation,bone marrow biopsy showed fibrosis grade 1(MF-1),and JAK2 V617F mutation was positive,accompanied by UGT1A1 mutation andβ-thalassemia gene mutation.CASE SUMMARY A 46-year-old Han man was first found to have sigmoid sinus and transverse sinus venous thrombosis at the age of 42 but had no individual or family thrombosis history,and he had been regularly taking warfarin anticoagulant therapy for a long period of time.At the age of 44,venous thrombosis reappeared in parts of the intrahepatic vein,main portal vein,splenic vein,and superior mesenteric vein,and his spleen was obviously enlarged.He had a history of jaundice for many years,and genetic testing revealed that he carried a heterozygous SERPINC1 mutation.Bone marrow biopsy showed multifocal fibrous tissue hyperplasia among trabeculae and focal fibrosis.He was positive for the JAK2 V617F mutation.At the same time,UGT1A1 andβ-thalassemia gene mutations existed,and a SERPINC1 mutation and UGT1A1 mutation were both found in his parents.CONCLUSION The patient in this case had thrombophilia as the primary symptom,JAK2V617-positive myeloproliferative neoplasm(MPN)was the main potential cause,and hereditary AT-III deficiency may have been one of multiple secondary causes.It remains to be determined whether UGT1A1 andβ-thalassemia gene mutations are related to thrombophilia.However,the clinical features of MPN in this patient were hidden,and the relevant clinical features of coexisting thalassemia and hereditary Gilbert syndrome,reported here for the first time domestically and abroad,were complicating factors,causing great difficulties for a clear diagnosis.Thus,when thrombophilia has been determined,it is necessary to screen the relevant latent problems overall.When the clinical features cannot be perfectly explained by one etiology,a relevant comprehensive examination should also be initiated from the perspective of multiple etiologies.

The Effect of Nimesulide on the Expression of NF-κB,Bcl-2 and Bax in the Human Gastric Cancer SGC-7901 Cell Line

OBJECTIVE To investigate whether nimesulide can suppress tumor growth and induce apoptosis in SGC-7901 gastric cancer cells and to explore the molecular mechanism involved. METHODS SGC-7901 cells were cultured in RPMI 1640 medium containing different concentrations of nimesulide （0,12.5, 50, 100, 200, 400 μmol/L）. The MTT assay, morphological observation, electron microscopy （EM）, immunohistochemical analysis and Western blot analysis were employed to investigate the effects of nimesulide on the SGC-7901 cells and to explore possible related molecular mechanisms. RESULTS Nimesulide inhibited the growth of SGC-7901 cells and elicited typical apoptotic morphologic changes. Nimesulide also decreased NF-κB and Bcl-2 expression, but increased the level of the Bax protein. The positive rate of Bcl-2 protein expression at 0, 50, 100 and 200 μmol/L of nimesulide was 58.3±14.0%, 50.2±9.9%, 32.8±5.0% and 22.7±5.5% respectively based on immunohistochemical staining. The positive rate of Bax protein expression was 22.0±5.7%, 29.2±6.5%, 42.7±5.9% and 74.5±9.1% and the NF-κB expression was 74.2±10.9%, 61.8±7.6%, 36.7±10.9% and 17.5±12.3%, Significant differences were found between so μmol/L and 100 μmol/L and 200μmol/L. Western blot analysis also showed that the expression of NF-κB was decreased. CONCLUSION Nimesulide suppresses tumor growth and induces apoptosis by inhibiting NF-κB expression, which may be related to the overexpression of Bax relative to Bcl-2 expression.

Expression of Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase, p53 and Bcl-2 in Gastric Precancerous and Cancerous Lesions: Correlation with Clinical Features

OBJECTIVE To explore the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase （iNOS）, p53 and bcl-2 in gastric precancerous and cancerous lesions and to examine the expression of these proteins in relation to clinical features.METHODS The expressions of iNOS, p53 and bcl-2 proteins in gastric precancerous and cancerous lesions and their correlations with the clinical features were determined using immunohistochemical assays （Power VisionTM two-step method） on 84 gastric carcinomas and 54 gastric atypical hyperplastic tissues. Apoptotic cells were evaluated by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase- mediated dUTP-biotin nick-end labeling （TUNEL）.RESULTS Expression of iNOS, p53 and bcl-2 was significantly higher in gastric carcinoma （GC） tissues than in gastric atypical hyperplastic tissues. Amonq the 84 carcinomas, the expression of p53 was observed in 50 （59.52%）, bcl-2 in 43 （51.19%）, and iNOS in 65 （77.58%）. Overexpression of iNOS and bcl-2 in gastric carcinoma was related to tumor size and iNOS was related to the presence of lymph node metastasis （P〈0.05）. The expression of proteins did not correlate with age, sex, stage of disease, or differentiation. Expression of iNOS in gastric carcinoma tissues was positively correlated with bcl-2 expression （X2=8.926, P=0.003）, and also with p53 expression （X^2= 5.2430, P= 0.022）. The mean apoptotic indexes （AI） were 1.29%±0.50 in low-grade atypical hyperplasia （LG）, 0.96%±0.36 in high-grade atypical hyperplasia （HG） and 0.70%±0.43 in GC, with the difference being significant between LG, HG and GC （P〈 0.05）. There was a significant positive correlation between iNOS expression and the AI in GC （t=3.0815, P=0.0028）.CONCLUSION iNOS was expressed in the majority of gastric carcinoma tissues and correlated with cellular apoptosis associated with p53 and bcl-2 expression, iNOS overexpression is closely associated with p53 and bcl-2 accumulation status, iNOS may play a synergistic role in the pathogenesis of GC.

一种雷达信号处理机程序切换方法

为满足雷达整机测试和应用条件下信号处理机多程序远程快速切换的新要求,提出了一种RS422远程控制方法,实现了经典FPGA+DSP架构雷达处理机多程序快速重启切换。试验结果表明:该方案具有可靠性高、软硬件改动量小的特点,且单芯片程序切换时间不超过5s。

集群技术在ATS系统中的应用

在基于通信的列车运行控制CBTC系统中,列车自动监控子系统用以在线指挥和监督列车的运行,其对提高列车的运行效率至关重要。应用服务器是ATS子系统的大脑,可保证ATS系统的稳定运行,因此其可用性和可靠性尤为重要。通过引入集群,可大幅提高应用服务器的可用性和可靠性,截至目前,应用服务器集群已在长沙地铁四号线安全运营两年。

Assessing the treatment effect of cranberry type A proanthocyanidins on vulvovaginal candidiasis:a randomised controlled clinical interventional study

Objective This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of cranberry extracts:A-type proanthocyanidins(A-PACs)in the treatment and prevention of vulvovaginal candidiasis(WC).Method An open,randomised,parallel-design study was conducted.A cohort of 300 eligible patients with WC was recruited from the hospital.All participants were randomly divided into three groups according to a computergenerated randomisation list.Patients in group 1 were treated with standard antifungal therapy(oral single-dose fluconazole 150mg and vaginal miconazole suppository 400 mg at bedtime for 3 days);patients in group 2 received oral A-PACs16mLtwo times perdayfor6days basedon the treatment regimen of group 1;patients in group 3 were given oral A-PACs 16 mL two times per day for 6 days and vaginal miconazole suppository 400mg at bedtime for 3 days.Patients who were clinically cured at the seventh day of follow-up in group 2 received maintenance therapy by oral A-PACs for 12 weeks.Result At the seventh day of follow-up,the vaginal mycological results of all patients in group 2 who initially tested positive for pseudohyphae exhibited negative results.The negative conversion rates of fungal spores and blastospores in group 2 were superior to those in both group 1 and group 3.The symptoms of patients in group 2 ameliorated conspicuously compared with those in group 1(p<0.05).The clinical cure rate of VC in both group 2 and group 3 was not inferior to group 1.Cox regression analysis showed maintenance therapy was not significantly associated with short-term recurrence(HR 0.44(0.11,1.67);p=0.23)but could significantly diminish the risk of long-term recurrence(HR 0.57(0.33,0.99);p<0.05).Conclusion This study revealed that A-PACs in cranberry juice combined with azole antibiotics can be used as a novel therapeutic option for the treatment and prevention of long-termrecurrenceof WC.Trial registration number ChiCTR2300076392.

不同部位外生型肝癌临床病理特点及其对术后肝内复发和预后影响

目的探讨不同部位外生型肝癌(PHCC)临床病理特点及其对术后肝内复发和预后的影响。方法回顾性分析2017年1月至2019年6月第九〇九医院收治的87例PHCC患者临床资料。其中男51例,女36例;年龄41~69岁,中位年龄54岁。患者均签署知情同意书,符合医学伦理学规定。根据肿瘤生长部位不同将患者分为膈面PHCC组(膈面组,39例)和脏面PHCC组(脏面组,48例)。分析两组患者病理特征差异,并分析术后3年肿瘤肝内复发率和术后生存情况。采用单因素分析和Logistic多因素回归模型分析术后PHCC肝内复发和预后的影响因素。结果膈面组PHCC临床症状出现率64%(25/39),明显高于脏面组PHCC的39%(11/48)(χ^(2)=15.047,P<0.05)。膈面组PHCC肿瘤直径>8 cm、切缘距离≤1 cm、微血管侵犯患者分别有32、17、21例,脏面组PHCC相应为16、6、8例,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=5.720,4.440,5.228;P<0.05)。术后3年肝内复发率为44%(38/87),死亡率为37%(32/87);肿瘤包膜不完整、切缘距离≤1 cm、微血管侵犯、脏面生长是术后3年肝内复发的独立影响因素(OR=2.113,2.866,3.025,2.534;P<0.05);肿瘤直径>8 cm、包膜不完整、微血管侵犯、脏面生长是PHCC患者术后3年死亡的独立影响因素(OR=2.336,2.857,3.044,2.758;P<0.05)。结论膈面PHCC患者临床症状出现早、易早期发现,而脏面PHCC患者发现时往往肿瘤直径较大、且易发生微血管侵犯、根治性切除率低。脏面生长患者术后肝内复发高,且术后预后差。

Machine and deep learning-based clinical characteristics and laboratory markers for the prediction of sarcopenia

Background:Sarcopenia is an age-related progressive skeletal muscle disorder involving the loss of muscle mass or strength and physiological function.Efficient and precise AI algorithms may play a significant role in the diagnosis of sarcopenia.In this study,we aimed to develop a machine learning model for sarcopenia diagnosis using clinical characteristics and laboratory indicators of aging cohorts.Methods:We developed models of sarcopenia using the baseline data from the West China Health and Aging Trend(WCHAT)study.For external validation,we used the Xiamen Aging Trend(XMAT)cohort.We compared the support vector machine(SVM),random forest(RF),eXtreme Gradient Boosting(XGB),and Wide and Deep(W&D)models.The area under the receiver operating curve(AUC)and accuracy(ACC)were used to evaluate the diagnostic efficiency of the models.Results:The WCHAT cohort,which included a total of 4057 participants for the training and testing datasets,and the XMAT cohort,which consisted of 553 participants for the external validation dataset,were enrolled in this study.Among the four models,W&D had the best performance(AUC=0.916±0.006,ACC=0.882±0.006),followed by SVM(AUC=0.907±0.004,ACC=0.877±0.006),XGB(AUC=0.877±0.005,ACC=0.868±0.005),and RF(AUC=0.843±0.031,ACC=0.836±0.024)in the training dataset.Meanwhile,in the testing dataset,the diagnostic efficiency of the models from large to small was W&D(AUC=0.881,ACC=0.862),XGB(AUC=0.858,ACC=0.861),RF(AUC=0.843,ACC=0.836),and SVM(AUC=0.829,ACC=0.857).In the external validation dataset,the performance of W&D(AUC=0.970,ACC=0.911)was the best among the four models,followed by RF(AUC=0.830,ACC=0.769),SVM(AUC=0.766,ACC=0.738),and XGB(AUC=0.722,ACC=0.749).Conclusions:The W&D model not only had excellent diagnostic performance for sarcopenia but also showed good economic efficiency and timeliness.It could be widely used in primary health care institutions or developing areas with an aging population.Trial Registration:Chictr.org,ChiCTR 1800018895.

Remnant fertilizer monitoring system for maize fertilizer applicators

A remnant fertilizer monitoring system utilizing three-dimensional(3D)reconstruction was proposed to detect the amount of remaining fertilizer in the applicator’s tank.Bench tests were carried out to compare the performance of four algorithms to estimate the remnant fertilizer amount:fertilizer remnant monitoring biharmonic spline algorithm(V4),natural nearest-neighbor algorithm(Natural),linear algorithm(Linear),cubic algorithm(Cubic).The average relative error for remnant fertilizer monitoring is 7.33%for the Linear algorithm,7.30%for the Natural algorithm,5.18%for the Cubic algorithm,and 4.30%for the V4 algorithm.Field tests are conducted at three fertilization rates to compare the performances of the V4 and Cubic algorithms.The average relative error for discharged fertilizer monitoring is 8.64%for the Cubic algorithm,which is 1.91%lower than that of the V4 algorithm.The results show that the Cubic algorithm has the best performance for remnant fertilizer monitoring.The average relative error of remnant fertilizer monitoring is 2.42%for the Cubic algorithm,which is 0.43%lower than that of the V4 algorithm.The response time of the remnant fertilizer monitoring system is 0.26 s.The results demonstrate that the proposed remnant fertilizer monitoring system is highly accurate and suitable for real-time applications.

Deep Domain Decomposition Methods:Helmholtz Equation

This paper proposes a deep-learning-based Robin-Robin domain decomposition method(DeepDDM)for Helmholtz equations.We first present the plane wave activation-based neural network(PWNN),which is more efficient for solving Helmholtz equations with constant coefficients and wavenumber k than finite difference methods(FDM).On this basis,we use PWNN to discretize the subproblems divided by domain decomposition methods(DDM),which is the main idea of DeepDDM.This paper will investigate the number of iterations of using DeepDDM for continuous and discontinuous Helmholtz equations.The results demonstrate that:DeepDDM exhibits behaviors consistent with conventional robust FDM-based domain decomposition method(FDM-DDM)under the same Robin parameters,i.e.,the number of iterations by DeepDDM is almost the same as that of FDM-DDM.By choosing suitable Robin parameters on different subdomains,the convergence rate is almost constant with the rise of wavenumber in both continuous and discontinuous cases.The performance of DeepDDM on Helmholtz equations may provide new insights for improving the PDE solver by deep learning.

二甲双胍抑制p38MAPK/ATF2信号通路改善糖尿病大鼠认知功能障碍

目的探索二甲双胍对糖尿病大鼠认知功能障碍的保护作用,探讨p38 MAPK/ATF2信号通路的作用。方法30只SD大鼠随机分成空白组、模型组及二甲双胍组,每组10只。除空白组外均给予高糖高脂饲料,50 d后腹腔注射链脲佐菌素(STZ,30 mg/kg)建立2型糖尿病脑病模型。模型制备成功后,二甲双胍组大鼠腹腔注射100 mg/kg二甲双胍,连续给药6周,空白组和模型组给予等体积蒸馏水。Morris水迷宫检测各组大鼠认知能力;HE染色观察海马区形态学变化;TUNEL染色检测神经元凋亡;Western blot检测凋亡相关蛋白Bax、Bcl-2、Cleaved-caspase3以及p38 MAPK、p-p38 MAPK、ATF2蛋白的表达情况。结果二甲双胍组大鼠逃避潜伏期明显缩短,目标象限停留时间延长,穿越平台次数相应增加,海马区神经细胞结构改善、神经元凋亡数量显著降低,Bax/Bcl-2比值和Cleaved-caspase3蛋白表达水平显著降低,二甲双胍还能够抑制p-p38 MAPK、ATF2蛋白的表达。结论二甲双胍改善糖尿病大鼠认知功能,与抑制p38 MAPK/ATF2信号通路有关。

Prediction of quality markers of traditional Chinese medicines based on network pharmacology

Network pharmacology is a powerful tool to reflect the pharmacologically active effects,mechanism of action and toxic activity of traditional Chinese medicines(TCMs).The ingredients of TCMs,associated with quality control of TCM products,are those fundamental chemicals that exhibit biological activities.A great amount of effort has been made by scientists in that field in order to improve the quality of TCMs,though the approaches to determine their quality and the TCM theory and compatibility rules remain ambiguous.Now some methods and technologies must be applied to predict and explore the quality marker(Q-marker)for quality control,as well as to clarify the factors affecting the quality of TCM,which may give new insight into rational ground of establishment of appropriate quality control and assessment system.In this review paper,authors focus on the prediction of quality markers of TCMs by network pharmacology based on three aspects:(1)from network medicine to network pharmacology,(2)complex network system of traditional Chinese medicine,and(3)predicting TCM quality markers based on network pharmacology.Authors proposed the research pattern on network pharmacology based on biological and medical networks,and further TCM network pharmacology based on substantial basis of TCM formulae,and the idea of"effect-ingredient-target-fingerprint"to predict and recognize the TCM Qmarker was the ultimate goal.In addition,authors yet noted how to make full use of the advantages of network toxicology to provide new ideas for the toxicity study of complex TCM systems and the prediction of TCM toxicity markers.