Dietary L-proline supplementation ameliorates autism-like behaviors and modulates gut microbiota in the valproic acid-induced mouse model of autism spectrum disorder

The effective intervention strategy for autism spectrum disorder(ASD)are currently limited.Herein,we attempted to evaluate the potential of L-proline(Pro),a multifunctional amino acid,in ameliorating autismlike behaviors and clarify the molecular mechanisms involved by using the typical valproic acid(VPA)-induced mouse model of ASD.Pro significantly attenuates repetitive behaviors and social dysfunction in ASD mice.The correlation analysis revealed that the beneficial effects of Pro on autism-like behaviors are related to the modulation of gut microbiota structure and composition.The histological analysis revealed that Pro could reverse the decrease of Nissl-positive cells in the prefrontal cortex(PFC)induced by VPA exposure.RNA sequencing demonstrated that Pro can also alter the PFC transcriptomic profile distinguished by the regulation of genes involved in Parkinson disease,neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction,oxidative phosphorylation,and mitogen activated protein kinase signaling pathway.Overall,dietary Pro supplementation may be a promising intervention strategy for ASD.

基于人工智能的空气质量预测系统的开发及应用

文章针对传统人工神经网络在预测环境空气质量时难以挖掘数据中的内在关系并加以学习,以及收敛速度慢等问题,提出了一种基于深度学习的人工智能空气质量预测系统。该系统由空气质量预测神经网络和空气质量网格化神经网络组成。通过训练大数据来挖掘影响空气污染物浓度各因子之间的内在关系,从而提高区域空气质量预测准确性。利用人工智能技术较强的扩展性,将传统数值预报方法集成到该系统中,得到整个区域空气质量的网格化结果。将人工智能空气质量预测系统应用到唐山地区,预测了未来7 d的空气质量。结果表明,该系统做出了较为准确的预测,PM2.5的预测数据与观测数据之间的相关系数R2为0.79,预测结果的均方根误差值低于25μg/m3,较好地反映了PM2.5每小时的变化趋势。在环境大数据背景下,该研究技术方法为大气污染防控决策提供了有效支撑。

注射用丹参多酚酸联合康复锻炼治疗老年急性脑梗死

目的观察注射用丹参多酚酸联合“坐-立-行”目标性锻炼对老年急性脑梗死患者血清氧化低密度脂蛋白(ox-LDL)、单核细胞趋化蛋白-1(MCP-1)、胰岛素样生长因子-1(IGF-1)水平及神经功能的影响。方法纳入老年急性脑梗死患者120例,采用随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组,各60例。对照组采用阿司匹林肠溶片、舒伐他汀钙片、依达拉奉注射液治疗,并进行“坐-立-行”目标性锻炼,观察组在对照组的基础上联合注射用丹参多酚酸进行治疗,2组均治疗2周。比较2组治疗前和治疗2周后神经功能、生活质量、运动功能、血清指标、血液流变学水平以及治疗期间不良反应发生情况。结果与治疗前比较,治疗2周后2组美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(NIHSS)评分及血清ox-LDL、MCP-1、全血高切黏度、全血低切黏度、血浆黏度水平降低,且观察组低于对照组(P<0.05)。与治疗前比较,治疗2周后2组Barthel指数(BI)、Fugl-Meyer、Berg评分及血清IGF-1水平升高,且观察组高于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗期间2组均无明显不良反应。结论注射用丹参多酚酸联合“坐-立-行”目标性锻炼可降低老年急性脑梗死患者血清ox-LDL、MCP-1、IGF-1水平,促进脑组织损伤修复,降低血液流变学指标,改善神经功能及运动能力,且安全性高。

Physiological,Biochemical and Molecular Responses of Barley Seedlings to Aluminum Stress

Barley(Hordeum vulgare L.)is one of the most Aluminum(Al)sensitive cereal species.In this study,the physiological,biochemical,and molecular response of barley seedlings to Al treatment was examined to gain insight into Al response and tolerance mechanisms.The results showed that superoxide dismutase(SOD),peroxidase(POD)and catalase(CAT)activity were inhibited to different degrees following Al exposure.The MDA content also significantly increased with increasing Al concentrations.SRAP results indicated significant differences between Al treatments and controls in terms of SRAP profile,and the genomic template stability(GTS)decreased with increasing Al concentration and duration.These integrative results help to elucidate the underlying mechanisms that the barley response to Al toxicity.

老年肺炎患者的抗菌抗体和T细胞反应与肺细菌定植和肺功能的关系

目的 探讨老年肺炎患者的抗菌抗体和T细胞反应与肺细菌定植和肺功能的关系。方法 回顾性选择2019年6月至2021年4月在南京医科大学第一附属医院老年科因肺炎住院治疗的73例老年患者作为老年肺炎组,30名同期无肺炎或肺部感染等疾病的健康体检人员作为对照组。根据电子档案记录对参与人员的一般资料进行统计。使用酶联免疫吸附试验方法检测血清细菌抗体水平。通过ELIspot测量T细胞微生物抗原的反应。使用流式细胞术分析细菌抗原刺激产生的CD4^(+)CD69^(+)T细胞比率。通过肺活量测定以确定1 s内用力呼气量(FEV1)和用力肺活量(FVC),计算FEV1%预测值。分析T细胞反应和肺功能FEV1%的相关性。结果 (1)老年肺炎组抗铜绿假单胞菌抗体、抗流感嗜血杆菌抗体和抗嗜麦芽窄食单胞菌抗体水平较对照组升高,抗肺炎链球菌抗体较对照组降低,差异均有统计学意义(P <0.05)。(2)老年肺炎组对铜绿假单胞菌、流感嗜血杆菌、肺炎链球菌和嗜麦芽窄食单胞菌刺激产生的γ干扰素(IFNγ)斑点形成细胞数量较对照组减少,差异均有统计学意义(P <0.05)。(3)不同抗原刺激下老年肺炎组与对照组活化CD4^(+)CD69^(+)T细胞比较差异无统计学意义(P> 0.05),2种细菌抗原刺激后两组PBMC中CD4^(+)CD69^(+)T细胞比率均显著高于未刺激PBMC,流感嗜血杆菌刺激后该比率也显著高于铜绿假单胞菌刺激差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。(4)细菌当前定植患者较无定植、偶尔定植和以前定植的患者肺功能指标FEV1%显著降低,差异均有统计学意义(P <0.05),而当细菌定植变得更加频繁且当前培养呈阳性时,老年患者的肺功能呈显著下降趋势。(5) T细胞反应和肺功能FEV1%呈正相关(r=0.501,P=0.033)。结论 肺炎老年患者肺细菌定值会产生抗体反应,其抗体反应水平与暴露水平、肺功能降低的水平呈正比;另外,T细胞反应在感染率增加的患者中降低,并且与流感嗜血杆菌的肺功能呈正比,因此推测其均可能与肺炎患者疾病进展或肺功能改善密切相关。

Multidimensional Quality Evaluation of Graduate Thesis:Based on the Probabilistic Linguistic MABAC Method

Graduate education is the main way to train high-level innovative talents,the basic layout to cope with the global talent competition,and the important cornerstone for implementing the innovation-driven development strategy and building an innovation-driven country.Therefore,graduate education is of great remarkably to the development of national education.As an important manifestation of graduate education,the quality of a graduate thesis should receive more attention.It is conducive to promoting the quality of graduates by supervising and examining the quality of the graduate thesis.For this purpose,this work is based on textmining,expert interviews,and questionnaire surveys to obtain the factors influencing the quality of a graduate thesis first.Then,through three rounds of expert consultation,a multidimensional evaluation indicator system for the graduate thesis quality is built.Furthermore,probabilistic linguistic termsets(PLTSs)are utilized to obtain the initial evaluation information and apply the stepwise weight assessment ratio analysis method to determine the weights of attributes.In the ensuing step,the novel multi-attribute border approximation area comparison based on the PLTS method is established.Finally,the proposed method is employed in a case study concerning the quality evaluation of a graduate thesis and the effectiveness of this approach is further illustrated.

Genome-Wide Identification of the F-box Gene Family and Expression Analysis under Drought and Salt Stress in Barley

The F-box protein-encoding gene family plays an essential role in plant stress resistance.In present study,126 non-redundant F-box genes were identified in barley(Hordeum vulgare L.,Hv).The corresponding proteins contained 165–887 amino acid residues and all were amphiphilic,except 5 proteins.Phylogenetic analysis of F-box protein sequences in barley and stress-related F-box protein sequences in wheat and Arabidopsis thaliana(At)was used to classify barley F-box genes are divided into 9 subfamilies(A–I).A structure-based sequence alignment demonstrated that F-box proteins were highly conserved with a total of 10 conserved motifs.In total,124 F-box genes were unevenly distributed on 7 chromosomes;another 2 genes have not been anchored yet.The gene structure analysis revealed high variability in the number of exons and introns in F-box genes.Comprehensive analysis of expression profiles and phylogenetic tree analysis,a total of 12 F-box genes that may be related to stress tolerance in barley were screened.Of the 12 detected F-box genes,8 and 10 were upregulated after drought and salt stress treatments,respectively,using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR).This study is the first systematic analysis conducted on the F-box gene family in barley,which is of great importance for clarifying this family’s bioinformatic characteristics and elucidating its function in barley stress resistance.These results will serve as a theoretical reference for subsequent research on molecular regulation mechanisms,genetic breeding,and improvement.

公元600~800年的气候变化促使了吐蕃帝国的兴衰

公元7~9世纪,吐蕃帝国成为一个介于唐王朝和阿拔斯王国之间的超级区域势力,在中世纪早期的亚洲地缘政治中发挥着重要作用.然而,作为青藏高原历史上唯一一个统一的地方政权,强大的吐蕃帝国兴起和衰落的原因存在诸多争议.本研究利用了青藏高原中部湖泊江错的纹层沉积物,基于精确的纹层定年和多种地球化学指标,重建了亚年际尺度的降水和年代际尺度的温度记录,发现吐蕃帝国发展、鼎盛阶段与一个长达两个世纪的异常温暖湿润期时间一致.生态位模型模拟显示气候的暖湿化可使得青稞可耕种面积扩大,增加农业生产力,并且牧草产量增高,可能会引起高原地区人口增加,并且会有充足的后勤补给.9世纪初的干旱则可能导致农业生产力下降,人口减少,加之内部战乱导致吐蕃迅疾衰亡.降水记录和吐蕃历史事件发生时间的紧密关系意味着吐蕃帝国实施了灵活的对外战略来应对气候变化的影响.在当今全球变暖的背景下,这一研究结果对包括青藏高原在内的高寒地区的农业生产具有重要意义.

In vitro and in vivo antihypertensive and antioxidant activities of fermented roots of Allium hookeri

Objective:To evaluate antihypertensive and antioxidant activities of Allium hookeri root(AHR)fermented with Lactobacillus plantarum,Leuconostoc mesenteroides,and Weissella cibaria.Methods:The novel fermented AHR products using L.plantarum,L.mesenteroides,and W.cibaria were developed and ACE inhibitory activity,DPPH radical scavenging activity,hydroxyl radical scavenging activity,superoxide anion radical scavenging activity,total phenolic content,and total thiosulfinate content were determined.The antihypertensive and antioxidant effects of fermented AHR were further investigated in spontaneously hypertensive rats(SHRs).Results:Administration of fermented AHR to SHRs had an attenuating effect on both diastolic and systolic blood pressure.The SHRs treated with fermented AHR showed lower plasma ACE activity and higher plasma NO levels.Furthermore,fermented AHR administration led to parallel improvements in plasma oxidative stress biomarkers in SHRs.Conclusion:Our results highlight the potential usefulness of fermented AHR for the prevention of hypertension.

α-Ionone protects against UVB-induced photoaging in epidermal keratinocytes

Objective: To evaluate whether α-ionone, an aromatic compound mainly found in raspberries, carrots,roasted almonds, fruits, and herbs, inhibits UVB-mediated photoaging and barrier dysfunction in a human epidermal keratinocyte cell line(HaCaT cells).Methods: The anti-photoaging effect of α-ionone was evaluated by detecting the expression of barrierrelated genes and matrix metalloproteinases(MMPs) in HaCaT cells. The levels of reactive oxygen species,oxidation product, antioxidant enzyme, and inflammatory factors were further analysed to underline the protective effect of α-ionone on epidermal photoaging.Results: It was found that α-ionone attenuated UVB-induced barrier dysfunction by reversing keratin 1and filaggrin in HaCaT cells. α-Ionone also reduced the protein amount of MMP-1 and mRNA expression of MMP-1 and MMP-3 in UVB-irradiated HaCaT cells, implying protective effects on extracellular matrix.Furthermore, HaCaT cells exposed to α-ionone showed significant decreases in interleukin(IL)-1β, IL-6,IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor-α as compared to UVB-irradiated HaCaT cells. α-Ionone treatment significantly inhibited the UVB-induced intracellular reactive oxygen species increase and malondialdehyde accumulation. Therefore, the beneficial effects of α-ionone on inhibiting MMPs secretion and barrier damage may be related to attenuated inflammation and oxidative stress.Conclusion: Our results highlight the protective effects of α-ionone on epidermal photoaging and promote its clinic application as a potential natural anti-photodamage agent in future.

Numerical study on lateral wall displacement of deep excavation supported by IPS earth retention system

The objective of this study is to investigate the 3D behavior characteristics of an excavation supported by an innovative prestressed support(IPS)earth retention system.A numerical simulation was conducted in order to provide insight into the IPS system behavior by using the FLAC3D package.Prior to the parametric study,validation work was conducted by means of a comparison of the deformation between thefield test data and numerical analysis results,and strong agreement was obtained.The reasonable excavation location,lay-ered excavation thickness,and blocked excavation sequence are presented according to variable parameter analysis.In view of the pre-viousfindings,certain measurements are proposed in order to control the foundation pit deformation.The results indicate that prestress compensation has a significant effect on the IPS system behavior,while an optimized excavation sequence slightly improves its behavior.With the conclusion proposed based on the numerical results,the aim is to provide reference data for optimization design and the construction sequence.