Spatial transcriptomics combined with single-nucleus RNA sequencing reveals glial cell heterogeneity in the human spinal cord

Glial cells play crucial roles in regulating physiological and pathological functions,including sensation,the response to infection and acute injury,and chronic neurodegenerative disorders.Glial cells include astrocytes,microglia,and oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system,and satellite glial cells and Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system.Despite the greater understanding of glial cell types and functional heterogeneity achieved through single-cell and single-nucleus RNA sequencing in animal models,few studies have investigated the transcriptomic profiles of glial cells in the human spinal cord.Here,we used high-throughput single-nucleus RNA sequencing and spatial transcriptomics to map the cellular and molecular heterogeneity of astrocytes,microglia,and oligodendrocytes in the human spinal cord.To explore the conservation and divergence across species,we compared these findings with those from mice.In the human spinal cord,astrocytes,microglia,and oligodendrocytes were each divided into six distinct transcriptomic subclusters.In the mouse spinal cord,astrocytes,microglia,and oligodendrocytes were divided into five,four,and five distinct transcriptomic subclusters,respectively.The comparative results revealed substantial heterogeneity in all glial cell types between humans and mice.Additionally,we detected sex differences in gene expression in human spinal cord glial cells.Specifically,in all astrocyte subtypes,the levels of NEAT1 and CHI3L1 were higher in males than in females,whereas the levels of CST3 were lower in males than in females.In all microglial subtypes,all differentially expressed genes were located on the sex chromosomes.In addition to sex-specific gene differences,the levels of MT-ND4,MT2A,MT-ATP6,MT-CO3,MT-ND2,MT-ND3,and MT-CO_(2) in all spinal cord oligodendrocyte subtypes were higher in females than in males.Collectively,the present dataset extensively characterizes glial cell heterogeneity and offers a valuable resource for exploring the cellular basis of spinal cordrelated illnesses,including chronic pain,amyotrophic lateral sclerosis,and multiple sclerosis.

Will the Globe Encounter the Warmest Winter after the Hottest Summer in 2023?

In the boreal summer and autumn of 2023,the globe experienced an extremely hot period across both oceans and continents.The consecutive record-breaking mean surface temperature has caused many to speculate upon how the global temperature will evolve in the coming 2023/24 boreal winter.In this report,as shown in the multi-model ensemble mean(MME)prediction released by the Institute of Atmospheric Physics at the Chinese Academy of Sciences,a medium-to-strong eastern Pacific El Niño event will reach its mature phase in the following 2−3 months,which tends to excite an anomalous anticyclone over the western North Pacific and the Pacific-North American teleconnection,thus serving to modulate the winter climate in East Asia and North America.Despite some uncertainty due to unpredictable internal atmospheric variability,the global mean surface temperature(GMST)in the 2023/24 winter will likely be the warmest in recorded history as a consequence of both the El Niño event and the long-term global warming trend.Specifically,the middle and low latitudes of Eurasia are expected to experience an anomalously warm winter,and the surface air temperature anomaly in China will likely exceed 2.4 standard deviations above climatology and subsequently be recorded as the warmest winter since 1991.Moreover,the necessary early warnings are still reliable in the timely updated mediumterm numerical weather forecasts and sub-seasonal-to-seasonal prediction.

Fe_(3)O_(4)纳米颗粒的共沉淀法制备及其性能研究

目的:开发高效、清洁、经济的磁性纳米颗粒,进一步推动磁絮凝法在污水处理中的应用。方法:采用共沉淀法制备了四氧化三铁(Fe_(3)O_(4))纳米颗粒,研究了n(Fe^(3+))∶n(Fe^(2+))配比及反应温度对颗粒形貌、粒径、结构、表面官能团、Zeta电位等的影响,并测试了样品的磁性能。结果:n(Fe^(3+))∶n(Fe^(2+))配比为1.75∶1,反应温度为50℃时,共沉淀法制备Fe_(3)O_(4)纳米颗粒粒径为10~80 nm,晶型稳定,表面基团-OH较多,Zeta电位绝对值小;其饱和磁化强度为67.18 emu·g^(-1),矫顽力为3242.00 A·m^(-1),剩余磁化强度为4.47 emu·g^(-1)。结论:采用共沉淀法制备获得Fe_(3)O_(4)纳米颗粒,可作为优良的磁絮凝材料促进水中的絮凝反应。

Remaining Useful Life for Heavy-Duty Railway Cast Steel Knuckles Based on Crack Growth Behavior with Hypothetical Distributions

The current research on the integrity of critical structures of rail vehicles mainly focuses on the design stage,which needs an effective method for assessing the service state.This paper proposes a framework for predicting the remaining useful life(RUL)of in-service structures with and without visible cracks.The hypothetical distribution and delay time models were used to apply the equivalent crack growth life data of heavy-duty railway cast steel knuckles,which revealed the evolution characteristics of the crack length and life scores of the knuckle under different fracture failure modes.The results indicate that the method effectively predicts the RUL of service knuckles in different failure modes based on the cumulative failure probability curves for different locations and surface crack lengths.This study proposes an RUL prediction framework that supports the dynamic overhaul and state maintenance of knuckle fatigue cracks.

Significant genomic introgression from grey junglefowl(Gallus sonneratii)to domestic chickens(Gallus gallus domesticus)

Background Chicken is one of the most numerous and widely distributed species around the world,and many studies support the multiple ancestral origins of domestic chickens.The research regarding the yellow skin phenotype in domestic chickens(regulated by BCO2)likely originating from the grey junglefowl serves as crucial evidence for demonstrating the multiple origins of chickens.However,beyond the BCO2 gene region,much remains unknown about the introgression from the grey junglefowl into domestic chickens.Therefore,in this study,based on wholegenome data of 149 samples including 4 species of wild junglefowls and 13 local domestic chicken breeds,we explored the introgression events from the grey junglefowl to domestic chickens.Results We successfully detected introgression regions besides BCO2,including two associated with growth trait(IGFBP2 and TKT),one associated with angiogenesis(TIMP3)and two members of the heat shock protein family(HSPB2 and CRYAB).Our findings suggest that the introgression from the grey junglefowl may impact the growth performance of chickens.Furthermore,we revealed introgression events from grey junglefowl at the BCO2 region in multiple domestic chicken breeds,indicating a phenomenon where the yellow skin phenotype likely underwent strong selection and was retained.Additionally,our haplotype analysis shed light on BCO2 introgression event from different sources of grey junglefowl into domestic chickens,possibly suggesting multiple genetic flows between the grey junglefowl and domestic chickens.Conclusions In summary,our findings provide evidences of the grey junglefowl contributing to the genetic diversity of domestic chickens,laying the foundation for a deeper understanding of the genetic composition within domestic chickens,and offering new perspectives on the impact of introgression on domestic chickens.

Corrigendum to “Increasing the greenness of an organic acid through deep eutectic solvation and further polymerisation” [Green Energy & Environ 7 (4) (August 2022) 840–853]

The authors regret that the name of the ethic committee that approved the study and the reference number was omitted from the published paper.In this research,all animal experiments were performed in accordance with the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals(US National Institutes of Healh)and were approved by the Animal Welfare and Ethical Committee of Hebei University(No.IACUC-2020XG021,Baoding,China).

SOH Estimation of Lithium Batteries Based on ICA andWOA-RBF Algorithm

Accurately estimating the State of Health(SOH)of batteries is of great significance for the stable operation and safety of lithiumbatteries.This article proposes amethod based on the combination of Capacity Incremental Curve Analysis(ICA)andWhale Optimization Algorithm-Radial Basis Function(WOA-RBF)neural network algorithm to address the issues of low accuracy and slow convergence speed in estimating State of Health of batteries.Firstly,preprocess the battery data to obtain the real battery SOH curve and Capacity-Voltage(Q-V)curve,convert the Q-V curve into an IC curve and denoise it,analyze the parameters in the IC curve that may serve as health features;Then,extract the constant current charging time of the battery and the horizontal and vertical coordinates of the two IC peaks as health features,and perform correlation analysis using Pearson correlation coefficient method;Finally,theWOA-RBF algorithmwas used to estimate the battery SOH,and the training results of LSTM,RBF,and PSO-RBF algorithms were compared.The conclusion was drawn that theWOA-RBF algorithm has high accuracy,fast convergence speed,and the best linearity in estimating SOH.The absolute error of its SOHestimation can be controlled within 1%,and the relative error can be controlled within 2%.

低渗煤层瓦斯抽采顺层钻孔水力造穴卸压增透效果研究

为了揭示水力造穴参数对钻孔瓦斯抽采效果的影响规律,指导煤层水力造穴增透技术施工参数的合理选择。建立了煤层损伤-应力-渗流耦合模型,分析了不同造穴参数下煤层卸压增透效果,展开了顺层钻孔水力造穴现场工程试验,考察了不同造穴参数下钻孔瓦斯抽采效果,结果表明:采用水力造穴技术形成的孔穴能够有效降低其周围煤体应力,提高煤层渗透率,增加瓦斯钻孔抽采效果;造穴半径越大煤层的卸压程度越大,进而煤层渗透率增幅就越大,但在实际工程中过大的造穴半径会使得孔穴稳定性差,钻孔塌孔堵塞瓦斯涌出通道会使得钻孔瓦斯抽采量有所降低,试验矿井最优造穴半径为0.6 m;造穴间距对它们之间的应力降低区范围有着较大的影响,在一定距离条件下孔穴卸压有着明显的叠加效应,造穴间距越近叠加效应越明显,煤层应力越小,卸压增透效果越好。试验钻孔穴间距由8 m减小到6 m时,单孔平均瓦斯抽采纯量增加389.16%。

Construction and Properties of the Me_(10)Q[5]/2,7-diaminofluorenedihydrochloride Supramolecular Hydrogel

Compared to traditional polymer hydrogels,supramolecular hydrogels exhibits superior reversibility and stimulus response due to the instantaneous and reversible nature of non-covalent bonds.In this paper,we utilized the host-guest exclusion interaction between Decamethylcucurbit[5]uril(Me_(10)Q[5])and the 2,7-diaminofluorenedihydrochloride(DAF·HCl)to construct a Q[n]-based hydrogel system.The composition,structure,and properties of the hydrogel were compre-hensively characterized using rheometer,nuclear magnetic resonance,scanning electron microscope.This cost-effective and straightforward hydrogel synthesis method paves the way for the scalable production of practical and commercially viable Q[n]-based hydrogels.

汉语虚拟位移判定研究——基于特殊句式中的语义关系及词汇语义的动态性

虚拟位移是语言中普遍存在的重要现象,认知语言学理论借以证明其"意义即概念化"的语义观。汉语虚拟位移研究起步较晚,语言现象描写这一基本问题尚未完全解决,现有研究中存在比较严重的现象误判问题。句式和词汇语义是导致误判的主要因素。存在句和受事主语句等比较特殊的句式经常干扰虚拟位移现象判定;部分动词和路径介词在表达动态意义还是静态意义方面存在模糊性,从而影响虚拟位移现象判定。本文以虚拟位移现象的界定为准绳,分析汉语句式的特点、动词和路径介词的语义特征,着力解决现象描写这一汉语虚拟位移研究中的基本问题。

高EGCG含量茶树品种光谱识别模型构建

为解决目前高EGCG含量茶树品种育种过程中,叶片EGCG含量检测存在繁琐、成本高和周期长等问题,研究采用近红外光谱分析技术结合化学计量法实现茶树叶片EGCG含量的快速定性高低判别。利用手持式光谱仪分别采集高EGCG含量(13.68±1.99)%茶树(W1)和低EGCG含量(4.86±1.17)%茶树(Huangdan)叶片的近红外光谱反射率。应用RF(Random Frog)算法提取对EGCG敏感的波段,并对比分析线性判别分析LDA和最小二乘支持向量机LS-SVM两种方法对高EGCG含量茶树叶片的识别能力。结果表明:主成分分析后样本的第一主成分和第二主成分的累计方差贡献率为99.6%,对应的得分对高/低EGCG含量茶树叶片具有较好的聚类作用。RF算法选取前20个敏感波段构建的最小二乘支持向量机(LS-SVM)模型对高/低EGCG含量茶树叶片的识别正确率和Kappa系数分别为93.94%和0.89。研究结果可为高EGCG含量茶树品种的育种提供技术支持。

基于外壁作用的纯瓜环基超分子自组装体及其功能性质

瓜环基超分子自组装体中有一类是由纯粹的瓜环构筑而成,其构筑驱动力源于瓜环正电性外壁与分布于瓜环端口负电性羰基氧间的偶极作用。这类瓜环基超分子自组装体常能展现出特殊的功能性质。本文对国内外以及本实验室报道的这类纯瓜环基超分子自组装体的合成、功能性质进行较全面的归纳和总结,为获取新颖性能优越的瓜环基新型多孔材料和迈向实际应用提供理论和实践依据。

瓜环基主客体探针对金属离子的识别和响应

瓜环具有接近电中性的空腔和负电性羰基端口的结构特征,这不仅能使瓜环(空腔)包结不同的客体分子形成主客体包结配合物,还能使瓜环(端口)与金属离子配位形成配合物,从而形成了以瓜环主客体化学为主流、瓜环配位化学为辅的瓜环化学格局。然而金属离子的存在可能影响瓜环主客体相互作用,或竞争削弱瓜环主客体相互作用或协同促进瓜环主客体相互作用,从而使原有瓜环主客体性质发生改变。本文抓住这一特性,对国内外以及重点实验室在这方面研究进行较全面的归纳和总结,并拟开展"瓜环基主客体探针对金属离子的识别和响应"的研究课题,为瓜环化学开辟一个新的研究方向。

瓜环主客体相互作用驱动的瓜环基超分子框架

框架材料,如金属有机框架(MOFs)、共价有机框架(COFs)和超分子有机框架(SOFs)因在多相催化、吸附和离子交换等领域有着广泛的应用前景而迅速发展。瓜环具有静电势呈正电性外表面、静电势呈负电性端口羰基和静电势呈中性空腔的刚性结构,适合作为瓜环基框架的基本构件。而瓜环的这3个结构特征可以构建三类瓜环基框架:瓜环自身构建的框架,瓜环/金属离子配合物构建的框架,瓜环/客体配合物构建的框架。文中主要总结瓜环/客体配合物构建的瓜环基框架,包括:1)简单的主客体包结配合物,2)主客体包结超分子聚合物,3)端口作用主客体配合物或聚合物构建的瓜环基框架。

前列腺小细胞神经内分泌癌1例

前列腺小细胞神经内分泌癌临床十分罕见,恶性程度高,预后极差,目前尚无统一的治疗方案。江汉大学附属医院于2018 年3 月收治1 例前列腺小细胞神经内分泌癌患者,现报道如下。1 临床资料患者,男性,71 岁,因排尿不畅5 年余、加重1天入院。

分析课程国际化背景下高校师资建设机制研究

本文主要以分析课程国际化背景下高校师资建设机制研究为重点进行阐述,从建立高校教师多元聘任机制、建立高校教师评价考核机制、建立高校教师激励保障机制、建立高校教师培训提升机制这四方面进行深入探索与研究,其目的在于加强高校师资力量,为现代化社会培养应用创新型人才提供有效依据。

与外壁作用相关的瓜环基超分子化学

自从2014年提出瓜环外壁作用的概念以来,促进了“瓜环外壁作用”相关的瓜环化学发展。瓜环外壁作用源于静电势呈正性的外壁与各种静电势呈负性的物种、阴离子以及含芳环有机分子等的相互作用,因而涉及多学科多领域。如外壁作用可驱动瓜环基超分子框架的构筑,根据作用方式的不同,包括:1)自身诱导外壁作用;2)阴离子诱导外壁作用;3)芳环诱导外壁作用等多种构筑方式,而所构筑的瓜环基超分子框架可能涉及到(杂)多酸化学、杯芳烃或柱芳烃化学等,同样也具有框架多孔材料特有的多相催化、吸附和离子交换等特性。设计和构建具有结构新颖和性质特异的瓜环基超分子框架,不仅能进一步扩展框架化学的研究内容,还能开辟新的研究方向。作为最重要的驱动力——自身诱导外壁作用能促使瓜环产生光致聚集发光,这是所有瓜环固有属性。瓜环在固体状态和溶液状态下呈现光致发光特性,而另外2种外壁作用——阴离子诱导和芳环诱导外壁作用则能削弱或改变瓜环聚集状态光致发光特性。这些外壁作用导致的瓜环聚集状态光致发光特性的差异恰好可用于不同阴离子或有机分子的响应,具有重要的基础研究价值和广泛的潜在应用前景。再者,瓜环的自身诱导外壁作用致使瓜环分子具有相互聚集的特性,加之瓜环端口羰基氧的亲水固有属性,因此瓜环还具有形成水凝胶的倾向,可能被应用于生物学、医学、保健等诸多领域。若结合瓜环的光致聚集发光特性,瓜环可形成光致发光的水凝胶。

肺癌日间手术操作流程与临床应用效果分析

背景与目的日间手术的种类和数量在不断扩大,部分经过选择的肺癌患者进行日间手术,临床效果如何?基于加速康复外科(enhanced recovery after surgery, ERAS)理念和外科微创技术,探索肺癌患者日间手术的操作流程及其临床应用效果。方法选取2019年6月-2019年11月四川大学华西胸外科单个医疗组连续收治行肺手术患者150例,最终纳入研究患者48例,其中住院手术(inpatient surgery group, ISG)患者28例和日间手术患者(day surgery group,DSG)20例。分析两组患者平均住院日、住院费用及并发症等。结果平均住院日在日间手术组(1 d)显著低于住院手术组(7.7±2.8)d(P=0.000);平均住院费用在日间手术组(38,297.3±3408.7)$显著低于住院手术组(47,831.1±7376.1)$(P=0.000)。术后总体并发症发生率在日间手术组(5.0%)与住院手术组(3.6%)无统计学差异(P=0.812)。术后总体不良反应发生率日间手术组(10.0%)与住院手术组(17.9%)无统计学差异(P=0.729)。结论经过选择的肺癌患者行日间手术是可行的且能够加速康复。

瓜环主客体配合物与金属离子配位作用驱动的瓜环基框架

瓜环具有静电势呈正电性外表面、静电势呈负电性端口羰基和静电势呈中性空腔的刚性结构特征,使其自从结构确定以来,与各种客体分子的相互作用的相关研究就备受关注,以致于瓜环的主客体化学不可撼动地成为瓜环化学研究的绝对主流。随着超分子化学以及框架化学近年来的突飞猛进,瓜环主客体化学以及瓜环配位化学也都自然而然地被引入其中。在对瓜环外壁作用驱动、瓜环金属离子配位作用驱动,以及瓜环主客体作用驱动的瓜环基框架研究进行归纳和总结的基础上,再对瓜环主客体配合物与金属离子配位作用驱动的瓜环基框架的研究进行归纳和总结,包括:1)主客体包结配合物与金属离子配位形成的一维链,2)主客体包结配合物与金属离子配位形成的二维层,3)主客体包结配合物与金属离子配位形成的三维框架构建的瓜环基框架3种类型。

基于深度神经网络的行人头部检测

行人检测已成为安防、智能视频监控、景区人流量统计所依赖的核心技术,最新目标检测方法包括快速的区域卷积神经网络Fast-RCNN、单发多重检测器SSD、部分形变模型DPM等,皆为对行人整体的检测。在大场景下,行人姿态各异,物体间遮挡频繁,只有通过对行人身体部分位置建模,抓住人的局部特征,才能实现准确的定位。利用Faster-RCNN深度网络原型,针对行人头部建立检测模型,同时提取行人不同方向的头部特征,并加入空间金字塔池化层,保证检测速率,有效解决大场景下行人的部分遮挡问题,同时清晰地显示人群大致流动方向,相比普通的人头估计,更有利于人流量统计。