The dynamics beamline at SSRF

The dynamics beamline(D-Line),which combines synchrotron radiation infrared spectroscopy(SR-IR)and energy-disper-sive X-ray absorption spectroscopy(ED-XAS),is the first beamline in the world to realize concurrent ED-XAS and SR-IR measurements at the same sample position on a millisecond time-resolved scale.This combined technique is effective for investigating rapid structural changes in atoms,electrons,and molecules in complicated disorder systems,such as those used in physics,chemistry,materials science,and extreme conditions.Moreover,ED-XAS and SR-IR can be used independently in the two branches of the D-Line.The ED-XAS branch is the first ED-XAS beamline in China,which uses a tapered undulator light source and can achieve approximately 2.5×10^(12)photons/s·300 eV BW@7.2 keV at the sample position.An exchange-able polychromator operating in the Bragg-reflection or Laue-transmission configuration is used in different energy ranges to satisfy the requirements for beam size and energy resolution.The focused beam size is approximately 3.5μm(H)×21.5μm(V),and the X-ray energy range is 5–25 keV.Using one-and two-dimensional position-sensitive detectors with frame rates of up to 400 kHz enables time resolutions of tens of microseconds to be realized.Several distinctive techniques,such as the concurrent measurement of in situ ED-XAS and infrared spectroscopy,time-resolved ED-XAS,high-pressure ED-XAS,XMCD,and pump-probe ED-XAS,can be applied to achieve different scientific goals.

Infrared microspectroscopy beamline BL06B at SSRF

The infrared microspectroscopy beamline(BL06B) is a phase Ⅱ beamline project at the Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF). The construction and optical alignment of BL06B were completed by the end of 2020. By 2021, it became accessible to users. The synchrotron radiation infrared(SRIR) source included edge radiation(ER) and bending magnet radiation(BMR). The extracted angles in the horizontal and vertical directions were 40 and 20 mrad, respectively. The photon flux, spectral resolution, and focused spot size were measured at the BL06B endstation, and the experimental results were consistent with theoretical calculations. SRIR light has a small divergence angle, high brightness, and a wide wavelength range. As a source of IR microscopy, it can easily focus on a diffraction-limited spatial resolution with a high signal-to-noise ratio(SNR). The BL06B endstation can be applied in a wide range of research fields, including materials, chemistry, biology, geophysics, and pharmacology.

New status of the infrared beamlines at SSRF

There are two infrared beamlines at the Shanghai synchrotron radiation facility(SSRF)-BL01B and BL06B.BL01B was the first infrared beamline of the National Facility for Protein Science in Shanghai at SSRF,which is dedicated to synchrotron infrared microspectroscopy.It utilizes bending magnet radiation and edge radiation as light sources.Diffraction-limited spatial resolution is reached in the infrared microspectroscopy experiment.BL01B has been in operation for approximately five years since it opened in January 2015.In the past few years,many meaningful results have been published by user groups from various disciplines,such as biomacromolecule materials and pharmaceutical,environmental,and biomedical sciences.In addition,a new infrared beamline station BL06B is under construction,which is optimized for the mid-infrared and far-infrared band.BL06B is equipped with a vacuum-type Fourier transform infrared spectrometer,infrared microscope,custom longworking-distance infrared microscope,infrared scanning near-field optical microscope,and mid-infrared Mueller ellipsometer.The purpose is to serve experiments with high vacuum requirements and spatial resolution experiments,as well as those that are in situ and time-sensitive,such as high-pressure and atomic force microscopy infrared experiments.The station can be used for research in biomaterials,pharmacy,geophysics,nanotechnology,and semiconductor materials.

Multi-modality measurement and comprehensive analysis of hepatocellular carcinoma using synchrotron-based microscopy and spectroscopy

The visualization and data mining of tumor multidimensional information may play a major role in the analysis of the growth,metastasis,and microenvironmental changes of tumors while challenging traditional imaging and data processing techniques.In this study,a general trans-scale and multi-modality measurement method was developed for the quantitative diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)using a combination of propagation-based phase-contrast computed tomography(PPCT),scanning transmission soft X-ray microscopy(STXM),and Fourier transform infrared micro-spectroscopy(FTIR).Our experimental results reveal the trans-scale micro-morpho-logical HCC pathology and facilitate quantitative data analysis and comprehensive assessment.These results include some visualization features of PPCT-based tissue microenvironments,STXM-based cellular fine structures,and FTIR-based bio-macromolecular spectral characteris-tics during HCC tumor differentiation and proliferation.The proposed method provides multidimensional feature data support for constructing a high-accuracy machine learning algorithm based on a gray-level histogram,gray-gradient co-occurrence matrix,gray-level co-occurrence matrix,and back-propagation neural network model.Multi-dimensional information analysis and diagnosis revealed the morphological pathways of HCC pathological evolution and we explored the relationships between HCC-related feature changes in inflammatory microenviron-ments,cellular metabolism,and the stretching vibration peaks of biomolecules of lipids,proteins,and nucleic acids.Therefore,the proposed methodology has strong potential for the visualization of complex tumors and assessing the risks of tumor differentiation and metastasis.