We report on an experiment performed at the FLASH2 free-electron laser(FEL)aimed at producing warm dense matter via soft x-ray isochoric heating.In the experiment,we focus on study of the ions emitted during the soft ...We report on an experiment performed at the FLASH2 free-electron laser(FEL)aimed at producing warm dense matter via soft x-ray isochoric heating.In the experiment,we focus on study of the ions emitted during the soft x-ray ablation process using time-of-flight electron multipliers and a shifted Maxwell–Boltzmann velocity distribution model.We find that most emitted ions are thermal,but that some impurities chemisorbed on the target surface,such as protons,are accelerated by the electrostatic field created in the plasma by escaped electrons.The morphology of the complex crater structure indicates the presence of several ion groups with varying temperatures.We find that the ion sound velocity is controlled by the ion temperature and show how the ion yield depends on the FEL radiation attenuation length in different materials.展开更多
Lung transplant is the standard of care for patients with end-stage lung disease refractory to medical management. There is currently a critical organ shortage for lung transplantation with only 17% of offered organs ...Lung transplant is the standard of care for patients with end-stage lung disease refractory to medical management. There is currently a critical organ shortage for lung transplantation with only 17% of offered organs being transplanted. Of those patients receiving a lung transplant, up to 25% will develop primary graft dysfunction, which is associated with an 8-fold increase in 30-d mortality. There are numerous mechanical lung assistance modalities that may be employed to help combat these challenges. We will discuss the use of mechanical lung assistance during lung transplantation, as a bridge to transplant, as a treatment for primary graft dysfunction, and finally as a means to remodel and evaluate organs deemed unsuitable for transplant, thus increasing the donor pool, improving survival to transplant, and improving overall patient survival.展开更多
文摘We report on an experiment performed at the FLASH2 free-electron laser(FEL)aimed at producing warm dense matter via soft x-ray isochoric heating.In the experiment,we focus on study of the ions emitted during the soft x-ray ablation process using time-of-flight electron multipliers and a shifted Maxwell–Boltzmann velocity distribution model.We find that most emitted ions are thermal,but that some impurities chemisorbed on the target surface,such as protons,are accelerated by the electrostatic field created in the plasma by escaped electrons.The morphology of the complex crater structure indicates the presence of several ion groups with varying temperatures.We find that the ion sound velocity is controlled by the ion temperature and show how the ion yield depends on the FEL radiation attenuation length in different materials.
文摘Lung transplant is the standard of care for patients with end-stage lung disease refractory to medical management. There is currently a critical organ shortage for lung transplantation with only 17% of offered organs being transplanted. Of those patients receiving a lung transplant, up to 25% will develop primary graft dysfunction, which is associated with an 8-fold increase in 30-d mortality. There are numerous mechanical lung assistance modalities that may be employed to help combat these challenges. We will discuss the use of mechanical lung assistance during lung transplantation, as a bridge to transplant, as a treatment for primary graft dysfunction, and finally as a means to remodel and evaluate organs deemed unsuitable for transplant, thus increasing the donor pool, improving survival to transplant, and improving overall patient survival.
