通道压裂中支撑剂团排列方式对裂缝导流能力的影响

高速通道压裂是以支撑剂团支撑裂缝并获得更高裂缝导流能力的新型压裂技术。为了探究支撑剂团排列方式对裂缝整体导流能力的影响,文中在考虑闭合压力作用下支撑剂团和裂缝壁面变形的基础上,建立了一种流体在高速通道和支撑剂团中耦合的流动模型,并对交错型和正对型支撑剂团排列方式的裂缝整体导流能力进行模拟,分析了支撑剂团半径和间距对裂缝整体导流能力的影响。结果显示:支撑剂团半径的减小和支撑剂团间距的增大均会导致裂缝支撑效果变差,正对型和交错型支撑剂团的半径均不宜小于0.100 m,支撑剂团间距不宜大于0.25 m;相同条件下,交错型支撑剂团填充的裂缝导流能力要比正对型支撑剂团填充的裂缝导流能力平均高53.53%。

黑木耳UGP基因家族全基因组鉴定及其与菌丝生长多糖合成的相关性研究

黑木耳多糖是具有药用价值的生物活性分子,然而黑木耳高多糖的合成分子机理尚未明确。本研究对处于多糖合成途径关键位置的UGP家族基因进行了鉴定,从黑木耳基因组中鉴定出2个AhUGPs基因,并从另外21个食用菌基因组内挖掘出39个UGPs基因,通过生物信息学分析发现,UGP基因家族成员在真菌体内具有较高的保守性,成员数量少但仍发挥着重要作用,木耳属的4个UGPs则表现出了更高的保守性。在对黑木耳AhUGPs的启动子区域分析中发现了较多的光响应元件和激素响应元件,说明AhUGPs较易受到光和激素调节。在对AhUGPs的表征中,发现AhUGP1的表达水平与菌丝生长速度、菌丝生物量、多糖含量都显著相关,相较于AhUGP2,AhUGP1在菌丝生长和多糖合成中的重要性更高。

声栅结构信号增强性能及其影响因素研究

对于安装在水下航行器声信号接收段的水听器阵列,在其声障板上覆盖高声阻抗材料(称为信号调节板)是一种能有效提高表面声阻抗并减少信号衰减的措施。相比传统的完全覆盖方式,声栅结构(即周期性地敷设调节板阵列)可以极大地提高接收信号增益,减小接收段的质量。为了深入理解声栅结构信号增强机理,优化声栅结构设计,研究了调节板宽度、调节板厚度、入射角以及结构宽度比等因素对声栅结构信号增强性能的影响。仿真结果表明:斜入射会改变信号比(SR)的对称分布,但不会大幅改变结构的声学性能;调节板越宽、越厚,引起的非镜面散射会更强,声栅结构的信号增强性能就越好。在实际应用中,应合理设计声栅结构几何参数以满足现实环境的多重约束以达到总体性能最优,此外适中的宽度比能获得良好的总体声学性能。

食用菌栽培学课程教学改革研究

本文对食用菌栽培学课程教学改革进行探索。通过以项目带动教学,以信息化手段翻转课堂教学,设定教学目标,合理安排教学内容,优化教学过程和方法,优化考核方式,巧妙引入课程思政和积极开展校企合作推动学生就业等方式进行课程教学改革。将课程内容设置为包含真菌的生物学特性、食用菌的生理生态、消毒灭菌、菌种生产、常见和特色食用药用菌栽培技术及食用菌病虫害防治等模块,以提高食用菌栽培学的教学效果及学科竞争力,培养高质量人才。

基于压电单晶的宽频带复合棒换能器研究

声场为当前水声探测中最重要的、可用的物理场。水声换能器作为声波产生、发射和接收的基本装置,是水声技术发展关注的重点。其中,尺寸小、重量轻、低频、宽带、大功率、抗振动为水声换能器研究和发展的重要方向。为提高复合棒换能器的声学性能,以锆钛酸铅(PZT-4)压电陶瓷和铌镁酸铅-钛酸铅(PMN-PT)压电单晶材料分别作为换能器的驱动元件,通过有限元仿真计算、设计加工及试验验证,进行了宽频带复合棒压电单晶换能器的研究,最后对2种换能器进行对比分析,进一步研究宽频带压电单晶换能器在低频、宽带、收发、加速度灵敏度等特性上的优势。研究结果表明,宽频带PMN-PT压电单晶换能器与相似规格的PZT-4压电陶瓷换能器相比,最大发送电压响应高3.4 dB,发送电压响应-6 dB带宽向两端拓展了5.5 kHz;最大接收灵敏度高4 dB,自由场接收灵敏度-6 dB带宽向两端拓展了8.1 kHz;加速度灵敏度更低,抗振动性能更好。

常见菌材主要营养成分及内含物质的分析

为筛选适宜食用菌栽培的速生、优质菌材,以在黔北地区收集到的刺槐、肉桂、水青冈、山白树等13个科17个属共17种菌材木段为试材,测定各菌材样品中的碳素成分含量、矿质元素含量和其他内含物成分。经检测、分析得知:17种菌材纤维素含量为35%~53%,半纤维素含量为15%~29%,木质素含量为18%~30%,钾、钙、磷、镁、铜、锰、锌含量分别为602~3270、1080~7590、14~304、153~905、0.83~3.31、1.71~106.00、2.00~15.00 mg/kg,pH值为4.24~6.72,果胶含量为5.78~12.40 g/kg,总黄酮含量为93.6~4262.8 mg/kg,单宁含量为0.01%~9.16%。木质纤维素及矿质元素有利于食用菌的生长发育,单宁、果胶、总黄酮和不适宜的pH值则抑制食用菌的生长。综合分析表明,枫香树、肉桂、山毛榉、枳椇树、苦郎树和水青冈比较适合作菌材,而马桑树、梨树和刺槐不适合用来栽培食用菌。

不同农业剩余物对秀珍菇菌丝生长的影响

利用农业剩余物栽培食用菌已经成为食用菌产业发展的必然趋势。运用单纯型格子法,优化出可替代木屑和棉籽壳进行秀珍菇菌丝培养的“农业剩余物”配方。利用小麦秸秆、玉米秸秆和大豆秸秆三种农业剩余物做主料培养秀珍菇菌丝,测定菌丝生长速率和各种酶活数据,运用SPSS和Design-Expert软件分析各主料交互作用对秀珍菇菌丝生长的影响,并最终优化出一个适合秀珍菇菌丝生长的农业剩余物配方。研究结果表明,在农业剩余物配方中,秀珍菇在小麦秸秆基质的菌丝生长速率最大,纤维素酶活性最高;在小麦秸秆和玉米秸秆各50%做主料的基质中,漆酶和多酚氧化酶活性最高;小麦秸秆最适合秀珍菇菌丝生长,其次是玉米秸秆和大豆秸秆。配方优化得到一个适合秀珍菇菌丝生长的农业剩余物配方:小麦秸秆61.4%,玉米秸秆17.6%,麦麸20.0%,石灰1.0%。小麦秸秆和玉米秸秆可以替代木屑和棉籽壳进行秀珍菇菌丝的培养,为秀珍菇进行“木腐菌草腐化”设施化生产提供理论依据。

智能建造背景下人机协作安全研究综述

为探究施工环境中人类工人与建筑机器人开展人机协作作业的安全保障措施,采用文献计量方法筛选并分析了来自Scopus、Web of Science以及谷歌学术3个数据库的227篇文献,从物理人机交互的角度讨论人机协作安全主题.定量文献分析结果表明,当前建造协作机器人的研究热度逐渐上升,且协作机器人是由多学科多技术共同支撑的.综述了建造协作机器人在智能建造背景下人机协作安全在碰撞避免、路径规划与轨迹规划、碰撞感知和柔顺控制三大方面的研究现状.提出了建造协作机器人结构仿生化发展、感知控制能力增强、交互方式智能化发展、建筑领域中人机安全协作方法完善和推广应用实践力度5个未来研究方向和发展建议.

Control of neotectonic movement on hydrocarbon accumulation in the Kuqa Foreland Basin,west China

Neotectonic movement refers to the tectonic movement that has happened since the Cenozoic, which is the latest movement. It has the most important influence on the basins in west China, especially on the hydrocarbon accumulation in the western foreland basins. We determined the time of neotectonic movement in the Kuqa Foreland Basin, which began from the Neogene, and analyzed the patterns of movement, which were continuous and fast subsidence in the vertical direction and intense lateral compression. The structure styles are that the faulting is weakened and the folding is strengthened gradually from north to south. We studied the control of neotectonic movement on the hydrocarbon accumulation process and model in the Kuqa Foreland Basin with basin simulation technique. The largest subsidence rate of the Kuqa Foreland Basin reached 1,200 m/Ma during the neotectonic movement, leading to rapid maturing of source rock within 5 Ma and a large quantity of hydrocarbon being generated and expelled. The thick neotectonic strata can form high quality reservoirs with the proved gas and oil reserves accounting for 5% and 27% of the total reserves, respectively. 86% of the structural traps were formed in the neotectonic movement period. The faults formed during the neotectonic movement serve as important migration pathways and they exist in the region where the hydrocarbon reservoirs are distributed. Abnormally high pressure caused by the intense lateral compression, thick neotectonic strata deposition and rapid hydrocarbon generation provide driving force for hydrocarbon migration. The accumulation elements match each other well over a short period, leading to many large gas fields formed later in the Kuqa Foreland Basin.

Control of Formation of Lithological Reservoirs by Surrounding Mudstone

Taking the Jiyang depression as an example, this paper discusses the control of the formation of lithological reservoir by surrounding rocks by integrated application of geological analysis, physical simulation, and the analysis of oil ＆ gas accumulation mechanism. Geological statistical shows that the major burial depth and interval of lithological reservoirs in the Jiyang depression are related to the hydrocarbon generation in and expulsion from the Lower Tertiary source rocks and the time of the formation of most lithological reservoirs coincides with the peak of hydrocarbon generation and expulsion. The lithological traps located in the center of effective source rocks are propitious to high oil saturation than those located on the margin of effective source rocks. The hydrocarbon charge degree of the lithological reservoir has a positive correlation with the intensity of hydrocarbon expulsion from surrounding source rocks. Geological analyses and NMR experiments also show that the oil saturation of surrounding source rocks control the hydrocarbon potential of lithological traps, and a critical value for oil saturation of surrounding mudstone is required, that is, when the oil saturation of surrounding mudstone is lower than this critical value, no oil and gas accumulate in the lithological trap. The control of surrounding mudstone on the oil-bearing properties of lithological reservoirs is also analyzed by the mechanisms of hydrocarbon generation and expulsion as well as accumulation.

11种食用菌在泡核桃木屑基质中的适应性综合评价

以11种木腐型食用菌为材料,对其在泡核桃木屑与杂木屑基质中的菌丝生长速率及5种胞外酶活性进行测定,基于隶属函数法对11种食用菌在泡核桃木屑基质中的生长适应性进行综合评价。结果表明,黑木耳、毛木耳在泡核桃木屑基质中生长适应性较强;玉木耳、皱木耳适应性中等;滑子菇、猴头菇、桑黄、香菇适应性较弱;黑皮鸡枞、白玉菇、蟹味菇适应性较差。初步认为泡核桃木屑可作为木耳属食用菌栽培的替代材料。

大宁-吉县区块8号煤裂缝三维特征评价及压裂段优选

煤岩储层具有典型的双重孔隙结构,裂缝的发育影响煤层气储集、扩散和渗流,也是煤岩储层压裂改造评价的一项重要参考。目前研究裂缝的常规方法在岩心裂缝三维精细表征上均有不足,采用全直径CT扫描技术对大宁-吉县区块9口井煤岩裂缝进行精细三维刻画。测试结果表明,研究区太原组中浅层8号煤岩和深层8号煤岩裂缝特征差异明显,中浅层煤岩裂缝更发育,深层煤岩裂缝充填率更高。中浅层煤岩平均总裂缝率5.25%,裂缝充填率37.1%,常见高角度缝和水平缝,深层煤岩平均总裂缝率4.47%,裂缝充填率达到50.3%,端割理发育且多被矿物充填,在三维形态上呈复杂的网状。通过多维度定量化参数对研究区煤岩储层裂缝进行评价,划分了3个级别,为单井煤岩压裂段优选提供有利依据,现场应用于H15井压裂试气,取得了良好的效果。研究成果可为下一步区内井位试气选层和实施不同层位勘探开发方案提供技术支撑。

Discussion of the Mode and Mechanism of Oil and Gas Accumulation in the Nanbaxian Pool in the North of the Qaidam Basin

Because of the difference ofoil and gas accumulation condition between the hanging wall and the footwall of a fault, there is a peculiar accumulation mechanism that oil and gas mainly exists in the hanging wall of the basement fault, but in the footwall of the shallow detachment fault in the Nanbaxian pool. The oil and gas of the Nanbaxian pool came from the mature Jurassic hydrocarbon source rock of the Yibei depression located at the south of the Nanbaxian pool. Firstly, the oil and gas accumulated in the traps of the hanging wall of the basement fault by way of the unconformity and the basement faults, and turned into some primary deep pools; and then, the shallow detachment fault that formed in the later tectonic movement broke into the deep primary pools, which caused the oil and gas migration upwards along the basement faults and the shallow detachment faults and the evolvement into some secondary oil and gas pools later. The history of the Nanbaxian oil and gas accumulation can be summarized successively as the syndepositional upheaval controlled by faults; single hydrocarbon source rock; unconformities and faults as migration channels; buoyancy, overpressure and tectonic stress as dynamic forces; multistage migration and accumulation of oil and gas; and finally an overlapped double-floor pattern of oil and gas accumulation. The most important explorative targets in the north of the Qaidam Basin are traps connected with the primary pools in the footwall by shallow detachment faults.

大宁—吉县区块8号煤层薄层夹矸螺旋CT扫描精细表征

影响煤层气勘探获得高产的因素有很多,煤层结构中夹矸的存在就是其中之一。传统的技术手段在表征煤层夹矸中有诸多不足,螺旋CT扫描具有全岩心大视域优势,精度达到毫米级,通过扫描获取灰度横切片,生成岩心灰度平均值曲线,确定煤岩灰度基线和夹矸灰度值范围,精准划分煤层中夹矸,实现煤层结构的精细定量表征。根据夹矸平均厚度、夹矸累积厚度占比这2个参数,将大宁—吉县区块煤层结构类型划分为4种模式,即A类夹矸厚且少,B类夹矸厚且多,C类夹矸薄且少,D类夹矸薄且多。煤层结构的精细三维表征对煤层气单井储层精细评价及高产因素研究具有指导意义。

NMI特征优化边界敏感的LSC遥感影像分割算法

针对线性谱聚类方法处理复杂场景的高分辨率遥感影像时存在地物边界丢失、过分割问题,提出基于归一化转动惯量特征优化边界敏感的线性谱聚类方法。首先,利用LOG算法提取影像边缘信息,将边缘信息与LSC算法融合,并将存在边缘信息的超像素块的区域质心替代原始聚类中心,改善地物边界信息丢失问题;然后,通过边缘敏感的LSC分割方法,对高分辨率影像进行分割,获取地物完整的初始超像素,并确定微小的超像素;最后,计算微小超像素与相邻超像素相似性度量值,并将其合并到相似性度量值最小的超像素,优化过分割结果。实验结果表明,该方法可以有效地解决地物边界丢失、过分割问题,获取较好的分割结果。

基于声学黑洞的水下航行器承压板减振设计及性能研究

为了减少传递到水下航行器探测声学阵列承压板的振动能量,基于声学黑洞原理设计了一种减振圆板附属结构。采用加速度振级落差表征其减振性能,并分别开展了激振器轴向和径向激励下的承压板减振性能试验。研究结果表明,该减振圆板结构在50 Hz~10 kHz的频率范围内减振效果良好,充分说明了文中设计的减振圆板附属结构具有轻质、高效、宽频的减振特点,拥有广泛的潜在应用价值。

贵州省黑皮鸡枞蛛网病病原菌的鉴定及其生物学特性分析和防控药剂筛选

为明确贵州省黑皮鸡枞蛛网病病原菌的分类地位、生物学特性及其有效防控药剂,分别从贵州省黄平县、贞丰县和剑河县采集典型发病黑皮鸡枞样品,并对其致病菌进行分离,通过致病性测定、形态学鉴定和多基因(ITS、TEF-1α、RPB1、RPB2)序列分析对疑似病原菌进行鉴定,并对其主要生物学特性进行测定,采用菌丝生长速率法分析22种药剂对病原菌的抑制效果。结果显示,通过柯赫氏法则验证分离物2020010406为黑皮鸡枞蛛网病病原菌,并结合形态学特征和多基因系统发育分析结果将其鉴定为Cladobotryum asterophorum;该病原菌菌丝体生长的最适温度为30℃,最适pH为6,可溶性淀粉和酵母粉分别为其最适碳、氮源;在供试10种化学药剂中,丙环唑、咪鲜胺锰盐和三唑酮的抑菌效果较好,EC_(50)分别为0.816、3.974和4.604μg/mL;供试12种生物源药剂中,丁子香酚和蛇床子素的抑菌效果最为突出,EC_(50)分别为0.0002μg/mL和0.006μg/mL,表明生物源药剂对黑皮鸡枞蛛网病的防控效果好,且毒性低,具有较好的应用潜力。

Assessment of blood and oxygen delivery to flaps of rhesus using near infrared steady-state spectroscopy

Near infrared spectroscopy has been considered as a potentially ideal noninvasive technique for the postoperative monitoring of plastic surgery. In this study, 6 flaps were raised on rhesus monkeys’ forearms. Blood and oxygen delivery to these flaps was monitored following vascular occlusions and inhalation of pure oxygen. Optical fibers were adopted in the probe of the oximeter so that the cutaneous detection could be performed in reflectance mode. Different and repeatable patterns of changes were measured following vascular occlusions on flaps. It is clear that the near infrared spectroscopy is capable of postoperatively monitoring vascular problems in flaps, especially the venous problem. Near infrared spectroscopy showed high sensitivity to detect the dynamic changes in flaps induced by inhalation of pure oxygen in this study. The experimental results indicated that it was potential to assess tissue viability utilizing the dynamic changes induced by some noninvasive stimulation (such as inhaling