Study on the Influence of Aspect Ratio on the Seismic Response and Overturning Resistance of a New Staggered Story Isolated Structure

The aspect ratio of the structure has a significant impact on the overall stability of the ultra high-rise building. A large aspect ratio of the structure increases the risk of overturning and reduces the lateral stiffness of the structure, leading to significant tensile and compressive stresses in the isolated bearings. To study the effect of aspect ratio on the seismic response and overturning resistance of a new staggered story isolated structure, three models with different aspect ratios were established. Nonlinear time-history analysis of the three models was conducted using ETABS finite element software. The results indicate that the overturning moment and overturning resistance moment of the superstructure in the new staggered story isolated structure increase with an increasing aspect ratio. However, the increase in the overturning moment of the superstructure is much greater than the increase in the overturning resistance moment, resulting in a decrease in the overturning resistance ratio of the superstructure with an increasing aspect ratio. The overturning moment and overturning resistance moment of the substructure in the new staggered story isolated structure decrease with an increasing aspect ratio. However, the decrease in the overturning moment of the substructure is greater than the decrease in the overturning resistance moment, leading to an increase in the overturning resistance ratio of the substructure with an increasing aspect ratio. The decrease in the overturning resistance ratio of the superstructure in the new staggered story isolated structure is much greater than the increase in the overturning resistance ratio of the substructure. Therefore, as the aspect ratio of the overall structure increases, the overturning resistance ratio of the superstructure and the entire structure decreases.

环醚直接双羰基化合成α,ω-二元羧酸

二元羧酸是制备聚酰胺、聚酯和聚氨酯的重要中间体,其传统合成途径具有一定的局限性.以己二酸为例,其主要工业生产工艺是利用硝酸氧化KA油,该方法存在KA油产量低和产生大量温室气体N2O等问题.因此,探索工艺绿色、原子有效和采用可再生原料的二元羧酸制备方法具有重要意义.环醚和多元醇很容易从生物质原料中得到,以它们为原料,通过双羰基化直接制备二元羧酸,是一种非常有潜力的反应途径.但目前大多数文献报道由环醚或多元醇通过羰基化反应生成的产物主要是C+1单羧酸.本课题组一直致力于碘催化生物质衍生的多元醇的加氢脱氧,研究发现,在特定的反应条件下,多元醇可以选择性地形成多碘取代化合物的中间体.受此启发,本文报道了一种由环醚或多元醇形成二碘代物中间体,然后直接通过双羰基化反应生成对应的C+2二羧酸的新策略.由于己二酸是最重要的二元羧酸之一,且四氢呋喃(THF)可以从丰富的生物质衍生的糠醛中获得,本文重点研究了通过双羰基化反应直接利用THF合成己二酸.在优化的反应条件下,以铑盐为催化剂,碘为促进剂,乙酸和水为混合溶剂,在170℃,CO和H_(2)条件下,THF可以84%的产率转化为己二酸.循环实验结果表明,该催化体系在5次循环后仍能够稳定运行.该催化体系不仅适用于各种环醚,也适用于不同的伯二醇合成对应的C+2α,ω-二元羧酸.通过对反应中间体进行检测以及控制实验研究发现,选择性生成1,4-二碘丁烷中间体是进一步双羰基化制备己二酸的关键,而生成烯烃中间体和单碘代物中间体是形成副产物戊酸的主要原因.在实验结果和文献研究基础上,提出了THF转化为己二酸的反应机理.在反应中,活性铑常以Rh(I)的形式存在,并且从质谱中观察到了[Rh(CO)_(2)I_(2)]−阴离子,它可以在羰基化条件下由不同的铑前体(例如RhCl_(3))经过CO和碘还原后衍生.具体反应步骤为,首先铑催化剂催化H2和I2生成HI,然后THF与HI反应生成1,4-二碘丁烷中间体,此中间体经过铑催化活化在两端分别进行羰基化反应,最终生成产物己二酸.通过质谱检测到两个推测的中间体,进一步证实该反应机理.综上,本文为己二酸、戊二酸和其他重要的二羧酸(如1,7-庚二酸和1,8-辛二酸)的有效合成提供了一种新策略,为二元羧酸的高效、绿色合成提供参考.