A Novel Design of Antenna Array with Two K-Band Circularly Polarized Antenna

As an important part of phased array system,the research on phased array antenna is very necessary.The phased array antenna achieves the scanning beam adaptively by regulating the phase difference between each array element.In this paper,a dual K-band circularly polarized antenna with high broadband,broadband beam,wide axial ratio bandwidth and high radiation efficiency is designed.We combine with the advantages of slot antenna and aperture antenna,use multimode waveguide cavity structure to design an aperture antenna,which is fed to waveguide circular polarizer by slot coupling in order to realize circular polarization radiation.Meanwhile,it has the characteristics of broadband,broadband beam,wide axial ratio bandwidth and high radiation efficiency.A slit antenna is designed by using a multimode waveguide cavity structure and a slit coupling feed to a waveguide circular polarizer is used to achieve circularly polarized radiation.The designed antenna consists of two K-band circularly polarized antenna units,and the spacing between the two units is 9.5 mm,which is fed by aK-band T/R module(Transmitter/Receiver module).In order to study the performance of the pattern in the case of the research group,the 2-unit structure is established.The simulation results of frequency–axial ratio bandwidth are given,and the simulation result of the antenna array is shown.The practical results of antenna design and test are also given.

Design of Ka-Band Phased Array Antenna with Calibration Function

In this paper,we have proposed a novel structure of Ka-band based phased array antenna with calibration function.In the design of Kaband antenna,the active phased array system is adopted and the antenna would work in the dual polarization separation mode.We have given out the schematic diagram for the proposed Ka-band antenna,where the Kaband antenna is in the form of waveguide slot array antenna,with 96 units in azimuth and 1 unit in distance.Each group of units is driven by a singlechannel Transmitter/Receiver(T/R)component,and the whole array contains 192 T/R components in total.The size of the T/R component is 55mm(length)×50mm(width)×5.8mm(height),3 Sub-micro Sub-Miniature Push-on(SSMP)blind sockets and a 21-core low-frequency socket are designed on the two sides of the T/R component.In order to meet the technical specifications of phased array antenna,the Ka-band transceiver component is designed based on Low Temperatrue Co-fired Ceramic(LTCC)technology to achieve miniaturization and lightweight.In our approach,the feed network includes two parts:transceiver network and calibration network.The transceiver network consists of 241:8 time-delay power dividers,12 two-way power dividers and 2 six-way time-delay power dividers.The power supply required by theKaband antenna unit is provided to each active component by the power module after Ka band wavelet control distribution.Simulation and measurement results are given in the form of standing wave and scanning capability.

Elephant Culture Matter for China’s Asian Elephants Conservation

Traditional anthropogenic impacts such as hunting,using as war-elephant,trading of ivory,paying tribute to the imperial court and so on,were once thought to be directly responsible for the rapid decline of Asian elephants in China.But in Yunnan Province,China,a unique human factor such as the traditional elephant culture of local ethnic minorities,is an important factor in the conservation of Asian elephants.In these areas,we investigated by means of village interviews,field surveys and data collection,the results show that the elephant culture of ethnic minorities has a great impact on people’s thoughts and behaviors,these traditional culture and belief(that mean taking elephant as the God,holding elephant as a belief,worshipping elephant and praise it)urges people to actively protect elephants and avoid more human-elephant conflicts.To enhance the public awareness of Asian elephant conservation,the Chinese Government or international environmental organizations should give higher attention and support to these elephant cultures.

CCL16 inhibits tumor proliferation and metastasis in HCC by impacting CK19 phenotype

Background and aims:Cytokeratin 19-positive(CK19t)hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is an aggressive subtype with poor outcomes.The initiation and development of CK19t HCC in the background of liver cirrhosis remains unclear.This study investigated the role of the cirrhosis-related gene C-C motif chemokine ligand 16(CCL16)in the development of CK19t HCC.Methods:Datasets from Gene Expression Omnibus(GEO),The Cancer Genome Atlas(TCGA)and International Cancer Genome Consortium(ICGC)were analyzed to screen and validate the genes associated with CK19t HCC.A total of 102 HCC patients were included for tissue microarray analysis.Gain-of-function experiments were conducted to investigate the biological functions of CCL16.CIBERSORT was used to investigate the correlation of CCL16 and immune infiltration.Results:GEO dataset analysis showed that CK19t HCC had lower expression of CCL16.In both TCGA dataset and our HCC cohort,CCL16 expression was negatively correlated with CK19 expression(P<0.05)and its expression was higher in para-tumor than tumor tissues(P<0.001).Moreover,low CCL16 expression was related to advanced stage and poor overall survival(P<0.05).CCL16 overexpression downregulated CK19 expression and impacted the sphere formation ability of HCC cells.Overexpression of CCL16 inhibited the cell proliferation,migration,and invasion of HCC cell lines.Immune analysis showed HCC with high CCL16 expression had more infiltration of mast cells.HCC patients with both low CCL16 expression and low mast cells had the worst prognosis(P<0.001).Conclusion:Our data indicated that CCL16 downregulated the expression of CK19 and inhibited the malignant phenotype of HCC.

Effect of nitrogen limitation on antioxidant qualities is highly associated with genotypes of lettuce(Lactuca sativa L.)

Antioxidants are highly beneficial to human health, and their accumulation in lettuce, one of the most popular leafy vegetables, depends on both genetic and environmental factors. Nitrogen(N) availability plays an essential role in regulating antioxidant accumulation, but the influence of genotype × N interactions on the antioxidant qualities of lettuce is poorly understood. Therefore, the present study investigated the variation of growth and antioxidant qualities of 20 lettuce(Lactuca sativa L.) genotypes(10 green lettuce genotypes and 10 red lettuce genotypes) under limited N(low N, LN) conditions and standard N(high N, HN) conditions. For all 20 genotypes, LN conditions reduced shoot(i.e., leaf) growth, but increased plant concentrations of vitamin C,glutathione, and phenolic compounds, with the exception of carotenoids, compared with HN conditions. Because of reduced biomass under LN conditions, not all lettuce genotypes exhibited increased antioxidant yields or total antioxidant capacity yield. The variation in antioxidant quality was primarily genetically determined. Generally, the green lettuce genotypes exhibited more pronounced increases in antioxidant yields and total antioxidant capacity yield than the red lettuce genotypes under LN conditions. These results suggest that even though LN conditions generally tend to improve the antioxidant qualities of lettuce, the extent of this effect is highly dependent on genotype. Therefore, genotype should be given priority in future studies that aim to improve antioxidant qualities in lettuce through N management.

Defense of COVID-19 by Human Organoids

Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19),caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2(SARS-CoV-2),has created an immense menace to public health worldwide,exerting huge effects on global economic and political conditions.Understanding the biology and pathogenesis mechanisms of this novel virus,in large parts,relies on optimal physiological models that allow replication and propagation of SARS-CoV-2.Human organoids,derived from stem cells,are three-dimen-sional cell cultures that recapitulate the cellular organization,transcriptional and epigenetic signatures of their counterpart organs.Recent studies have indicated their great values as experimental virology platforms,making human organoid an ideal tool for investigating host-pathogen interactions.Here,we summarize research developments for SARS-CoV-2 infection of various human organoids involved in multiple systems,including lung,liver,brain,intestine,kidney and blood vessel organoids.These studies help us reveal the pathogenesis mechanism of COVID-19,and facilitate the development of effec-tive vaccines and drugs as well as other therapeutic regimes.