MiR-30e-3p inhibits gastric cancer development by negatively regulating THO complex 2 and PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling

BACKGROUND Gastric cancer(GC)is a common type of digestive cancer with high morbidity and mortality rates worldwide.Considerable effort has been expended in understanding the mechanism of GC development and metastasis.The current study therefore explores the involvement of microRNAs in the regulation of GC progression.AIM To explore the expression and function of miR-30e-3p in GC development.METHODS MiR-30e-3p was found to be downregulated in GC,with low levels thereof predicting poor outcomes among patients with GC.Functionally,we revealed that miR-30e-3p suppressed cell growth and metastatic behaviors of GC cells.Bioinformatics analysis predicted that THO complex 2(THOC2)was a direct target of miR-30e-3p,and the interaction between miR-30e-3p and THOC2 was further validated by a luciferase reporter assay.RESULTS Our findings revealed that knockdown of THOC2 inhibited the growth and metastatic behaviors of GC cells.After investigating signaling pathways involved in miR-30e-3p regulation,we found that the miR-30e-3p/THOC2 axis regulated the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway in GC.CONCLUSION Our findings suggest the novel functional axis miR-30e-3p/THOC2 is involved in GC development and progression.The miR-30e-3p/THOC2 axis could be utilized to develop new therapies against GC.

Enforced Freedom: Electric-Field-Induced Declustering of Ionic-Liquid Ions in the Electrical Double Layer

Ions in the bulk of solvent-free ionic liquids bind into ion pairs and clusters.The competition between the propensity of ions to stay in a bound state,and the reduction of the energy when unbinding in electric field,determines the portion of free ions in the electrical double layer.We present the simplest possible mean-field theory to study this effect."Cracking"of ion pairs into free ions in electric field is accompanied by the change of the dielectric response of the ionic liquid.The predictions from the theory are verified and further explored by molecular dynamics simulations.A particular finding of the theory is that the differential capacitance vs potential curve displays a bell shape,despite the low concentration of free charge carriers,because the dielectric response reduces the threshold concentration for the bell-to camelshape transition.The presented theory does not take into account overscreening and oscillating charge distributions in the electrical double layer.But in spite of the simplicity of the model,its findings demonstrate a clear physical effect:a preference to be a charged monopole rather than a dipole(or higher order multipole)in strong electric field.

Double-ring high-frequency common-mode switching oscillation current sensor for inverter-fed machine winding insulation monitoring

Insulation failure significantly contributes to the unpredictable shutdown of power equipment.Compared to the partial discharge and high-frequency(HF)injection methods,the HF common-mode(CM)leakage current method offers a non-intrusive and highly sensitive alternative.However,the detection of HF CM currents is susceptible to interference from differential-mode(DM)currents,which exhibit high-amplitude and multifrequency components during normal operation.To address this challenge,this paper proposes a double-ring current sensor based on the principle of magnetic shielding for inverter-fed machine winding insulation monitoring.The inner ring harnesses the magnetic aggregation effect to isolate the DM current magnetic field,whereas the outer ring serves as the magnetic core of the Rogowski current sensor,enabling HF CM current monitoring.First,the magnetic field distributions of the CM and DM currents were analyzed.Then,a correlation between the sensor parameters and signal-to-noise ratio of the target HF CM current was established.Finally,an experimental study was conducted on a 3-kW PMSM for verification.The results indicate that the proposed double-ring HF CM sensor can effectively mitigate DM current interference.Compared to a single-ring sensor,a reduction of approximately 40%in the DM component was achieved,which significantly enhanced the precision of online insulation monitoring.

VCD/IE方案联合阿帕替尼治疗化疗失败进展期尤因肉瘤的回顾性研究

目的:评估VCD/IE方案(长春新碱+环磷酰胺+多柔比星与异环磷酰胺+依托泊苷交替)联合阿帕替尼治疗化疗失败进展期尤因肉瘤的疗效与安全性。方法:回顾性研究2017年1月至2021年12月于华中科技大学同济医学院附属协和医院,接受VCD/IE方案联合阿帕替尼治疗化疗失败的进展期尤因肉瘤11例患者的临床资料。与同期接受阿帕替尼单药治疗的尤因肉瘤患者对比,评估该方案的疗效及安全性。主要观察终点为疾病无进展生存期(progression-free survival,PFS),次要观察终点为客观缓解率(objective response rate,ORR)、疾病控制率(disease control rate,DCR)、总生存时间(overall survival,OS)和不良反应(adverse event,AE)。结果:共筛选出符合入排标准的联合治疗患者11例,阿帕替尼单药组10例。两组患者中位随访时间分别为19.5个月和14.5个月。其中男性占比分别为72.7%(8/11)和70%(7/10),平均年龄分别为18.1±6.7岁和20.8±15.7岁。VCD/IE方案联合阿帕替尼的ORR、DCR、中位PFS、中位OS分别为27.3%(3/11)、81.8%(9/11)、6.4个月和10.9个月。阿帕替尼单药治疗的ORR、DCR、中位PFS、中位OS分别为0、62.5%(5/8)、1.8个月和4.1个月。联合用药期间,3~4级AE主要为化疗相关的中性粒细胞减少、贫血、血小板减少、粒缺性发热等,而阿帕替尼相关AE均为1~2级。AE总体可以耐受。结论:VCD/IE方案联合阿帕替尼治疗化疗失败的进展期尤因肉瘤疗效明显优于阿帕替尼单药,AE可控。

血浆白脂素水平与冠心病的关系

目的分析血浆白脂素水平与冠心病关系。方法收集我科2016年2月至2018年12月281例行冠状动脉造影术(CAG)检查的患者,按CAG结果分为正常对照组(n = 90),稳定型心绞痛(SAP)组(n = 80)和急性冠脉综合征(ACS)组(n = 111),同时收集相关临床资料进行统计学分析。结果 ACS组和SAP组高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、载脂蛋白(Apo)A1、白脂素水平显著低于正常对照组(P < 0..01),ACS组这些因素也显著低于SAP组(HDL-C P < 0.05;其余指标均P < 0.01);ACS组和SAP组中吸烟率、男性比例、糖尿病患病率、脂蛋白(Lp)a、Apo B、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)、C反应蛋白(CRP)、同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)水平均显著高于正常对照组(LPa,HbA1c P < 0.05;其余指标均P < 0.01),ACS组这些因素也显著高于SAP组(APoA1, APoB, HbA1c, Hcy P < 0.05;其余指标均P < 0.01)。二分类Logistic回归分析发现白脂素和HDL-C与冠心病呈负相关(P < 0.01);吸烟率、CRP和Hcy与冠心病呈正相关(吸烟率P < 0.05;其余指标P<0.01);而男性、糖尿病、ApoA1、Apo B、Lp a与冠心病无明显相关性。结论血浆白脂素水平是冠心病的独立相关因素,与冠心病呈负相关。

息肉状脉络膜血管病变的光学相干断层扫描及血管成像的观察

目的:对比观察息肉状脉络膜血管病变(PCV)频域光相干断层成像(OCT)与光相干断层扫描血管成像(OCTA)的图像特征。方法:选取2018-03/12在我院确诊为息肉状脉络膜血管病变(PCV)的患者25例25眼纳入研究,所有患者均行频域OCT和OCTA检查,观察上述检查结果的图像特征。结果:本研究纳入患者25眼,频域OCT检查表现为浆液性和出血性色素上皮脱离(PED)14眼,OCTA检查示相应病变部位为低信号暗区,其旁有强信号点9眼;频域OCT检查表现为“双层征”11眼,OCTA检查显示为网状结构的脉络膜异常分支血管网(BVN);频域OCT检查表现为息肉样病变(polyps)12眼,OCTA检查表现为强或低信号区。结论:PCV患眼OCTA检查对BVN的表现更直观明显,息肉样病变表现为强或弱的信号,浆液性、出血性PED的OCT和OCTA图像均表现为低反射或低信号暗区,不具有特征性。二者显示的病变位置和形态具有相似性,但也有不同。

Research on data diagnosis method of acoustic array sensor device based on spectrogram

Acoustic array sensor device for partial discharge detection is widely used in power equipment inspection with the advantages of non-contact and precise positioning compared with partial discharge detection methods such as ultrasonic method and pulse current method.However,due to the sensitivity of the acoustic array sensor and the influence of the equipment operation site interference,the acoustic array sensor device for partial discharge type diagnosis by phase resolved partial discharge(PRPD)map might occasionally presents incorrect results,thus affecting the power equipment operation and maintenance strategy.The acoustic array sensor detection device for power equipment developed in this paper applies the array design model of equal-area multi-arm spiral with machine learning fast fourier transform clean(FFT-CLEAN)sound source localization identification algorithm to avoid the interference factors in the noise acquisition system using a single microphone and conventional beam forming algorithm,improves the spatial resolution of the acoustic array sensor device,and proposes an acoustic array sensor device based on the acoustic spectrogram.The analysis and diagnosis method of discharge type of acoustic array sensor device can effectively reduce the system misjudgment caused by factors such as the resolution of the acoustic imaging device and the time domain pulse of the digital signal,and reduce the false alarm rate of the acoustic array sensor device.The proposed method is tested by selecting power cables as the object,and its effectiveness is proved by laboratory verification and field verification.

Evaluation of short-term effects of drug-loaded microspheres and traditional transcatheter arterial chemoembolization in the treatment of advanced liver cancer

BACKGROUND Liver cancer is a malignant tumor with high morbidity and mortality.Transcatheter arterial chemoembolization(TACE)is the main method for surgically unresectable liver cancer.In recent years,drug-loaded microspheres have been gradually applied in TACE technology.There are some controversies about the therapeutic effects of drug-loaded microspheres TACE(D-TACE)and traditional TACE.AIM To explore the short-term efficacy of D-TACE and traditional TACE in the treatment of advanced liver cancer.METHODS The clinical data of 73 patients with advanced liver cancer admitted to the First and Sixth Medical Centers of Chinese PLA General Hospital from January 2017 to October 2019 were retrospectively analyzed.Among them,15 patients were treated with D-TACE,and 58 patients were treated with traditional TACE.Clinical baseline characteristics,perioperative laboratory indices,postoperative adverse reactions and postoperative complications were compared between the two groups.RESULTS There was no statistical difference between the two groups for the postoperative response:The highest postoperative body temperature of the drug-loaded microsphere group was 38.0±0.9℃and the postoperative highest body temperature of the traditional TACE group was 38.3±0.7℃(t=-1.414,P=0.162).For the 24 h postoperative nausea and vomiting after surgery in terms of scoring and postoperative pain scores,the traditional TACE group was higher than the drugloaded microsphere group(χ2=14.33,P=0.014;χ2=32.967,P=0.000)and the two groups had significant statistical differences.The disease control rate at 3 mo after treatment in the drugloaded microsphere group was 60%and the disease control rate at 3 mo after treatment in the traditional TACE group was 75.9%(χ2=4.091,P=0.252).There was no statistical difference between the two groups of data.During the follow-up period,the number of interventional treatments received was once in the drug-loaded microsphere group and the traditional TACE group received an average of 1.48 treatments(χ2=10.444 P=0.005).There was a statistical difference between the two groups.CONCLUSION Compared with traditional TACE,D-TACE may have some advantages in the treatment of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma with a large tumor load in the short term,but the long-term clinical efficacy needs additional follow-up studies.In addition,compared with the traditional group,the patients in the drug-loaded microsphere group had better subjective tolerance and could reduce the number of interventional treatments.Therefore,D-TACE is worthy of clinical promotion.

Research on characteristics of acoustic signal of typical partial discharge models

The pulse current method,acoustic and ultrasonic partial discharge(PD)detection,and voiceprint PD detection are commonly used detection methods for the PD detection of power equipment.To study the characteristics of PD signals of typical discharge models based on the principles of the above three detection methods,an acoustic detection experimental system consisting of a needle-tip model and a surface model was built.Acoustic tests were carried out on needle-tip models with different curvature radii and surface discharge models with different lengths of conductive paste.The experimental results showed that acoustic and ultrasonic PD detection and voiceprint PD detection exhibited different sensitivities to the needle-tip discharge models,and the combination of acoustic and ultrasonic PD and voiceprint PD detection was more beneficial for the comprehensive detection of cable PD signals.Based on voiceprint recognition technology,this study drew FFT(Fast Fourier Transformation)diagrams of different types of PD acoustic signals and analyzed the differences in the ultrasonic signal frequency distribution.The frequency band of the voiceprint PD signal of the needle-tip discharge models was concentrated in the range 17-27 kHz,and the frequency band of the voiceprint PD signal of the conductive paste discharge models was concentrated in the range 20-25 kHz.The measurement of voiceprint PD signals in these frequency bands were strengthened when the PD of a cable was detected on-site,which provides the basis for the use of the cable model for on-site PD detection.

Anti-cancer activity of an ethyl-acetate extract of the fruits of Terminalia bellerica(Gaertn.)Roxb.through an apoptotic signaling pathway in vitro

Objective:To investigate the biochemical constituents of the fruits of Terminalia bellerica(Gaertn.)Roxb.(hereafter termed T.bellerica)and estimate the anti-cancer activity of different polar extracts.Methods:To rapidly screen and identify the biochemical constituents of ethyl acetate(EA)extracts of T.bellerica,ultra performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization/mass spectrometry(UPLC-ESI-MSn)was done.The CellTiter-BlueTM cell-viability assay was used to ascertain the anti-cancer activity of different polar extracts in 10 human cancer cell lines.Results:Forty polyphenols of the EA extract of T.bellerica were characterized tentatively.The EA extract exhibited significant anti-cancer activity against ZR-75-1 cells(half-maximal inhibitory concentration=27.33(0.98)μg/mL)and Colo-205 cells(39.65(2.99)μg/mL)in vitro.Treatment of ZR-75-1 cells with 20 and 60μg/mL of the EA extract elicited dosedependent apoptosis percentages at an early stage of 17.58(0.74)%and at a late stage of 29.20(1.22)%;Colo-205 cells at the same concentration of EA extract had values of 21.33(1.03)%and 40.55(0.34)%,respectively.Western blotting suggested that ZR-75-1 and Colo205 cells treated with the EA extract showed a similar increasing tendency for expression of cleaved anti-poly adenosine diphosphate ribose polymerase I.Conclusion:We identified a total of 40 chemical constituents,of which 11 were first obtained from the Terminalia Linn.genus using UPLC-ESI-MSn.Meanwhile,we observe that the EA extract of T.bellerica possesses anti-cancer activity,especially against breast and colon cancers.

Distributionally Robust Optimal Dispatch of Virtual Power Plant Based on Moment of Renewable Energy Resource

Virtual power plants can effectively integrate different types of distributed energy resources,which have become a new operation mode with substantial advantages such as high flexibility,adaptability,and economy.This paper proposes a distributionally robust optimal dispatch approach for virtual power plants to determine an optimal day-ahead dispatch under uncertainties of renewable energy sources.The proposed distributionally robust approach characterizes probability distributions of renewable power output by moments.In this regard,the faults of stochastic optimization and traditional robust optimization can be overcome.Firstly,a second-order cone-based ambiguity set that incorporates the first and second moments of renewable power output is constructed,and a day-ahead two-stage distributionally robust optimization model is proposed for virtual power plants participating in day-ahead electricity markets.Then,an effective solution method based on the affine policy and second-order cone duality theory is employed to reformulate the proposed model into a deterministic mixed-integer second-order cone programming problem,which improves the computational efficiency of the model.Finally,the numerical results demonstrate that the proposed method achieves a better balance between robustness and economy.They also validate that the dispatch strategy of virtual power plants can be adjusted to reduce costs according to the moment information of renewable power output.

Variation Laws and Influencing Factors of pH in Fishery Waters in Quzhou City

[Objectives] This study was conducted to strengthen the understanding of the variation laws of pH in fishery waters. [Methods]Based on the investigation data of pH, dissolved oxygen(Do), water temperature(T) and chlorophyll a(Chl. a) of the fishery waters in Quzhou City from 2017 to 2020, the seasonal variation characteristics and influencing factors of pH in the fishery waters were analyzed and discussed. [Results] The pH of the fishery waters in Quzhou City was in the range of 6.40-11.3, and was characterized by the highest seasonal variation in spring and the lowest in winter. The correlation analysis showed that water temperature and pH were significantly positively correlated in spring and summer(P<0.05), and the photosynthesis of phytoplankton was the main reason that affected the pH of water bodies in spring and summer. There was a negative correlation between water temperature and pH in winter, and the pH in the natural waters had a significant negative correlation with water temperature(P<0.05). The balance of carbonate system in the water bodies was the main reason that affected the pH of water in winter. The level of water eutrophication(Chl. a) affected the pH of fishery waters to a certain extent. When Chl. a<10 μg/L, there was a significant positive correlation between the pH of fishery waters and Chl. a(P<0.05). Various environmental factors had different effects on the pH of different types of fishery waters. The stepwise regression analysis showed that the pH of natural waters was mainly affected by Chl. a, and the pH of aquaculture waters was mainly affected by water temperature and dissolved oxygen. [Conclusions]This study provides certain theoretical support for actual production management.

Expression Analysis of Heat Shock Protein 70 Gene in Rice(Oryza sativa L.)

[Objectives]This study was conducted to construct a pColdI-HSP70 recombinant prokaryotic expression vector.[Methods]With rice‘N22’as the test variety,hydroponic experiments were set up for rice seedlings with normal growth(CK),high temperature treatment(H),drought treatment(D)and drought-high temperature cross treatment(DH).The recombinant prokaryotic expression vector was constructed by the method of prokaryotic expression,and its induction expression time,IPTG concentration and temperature were optimized.[Results]The pColdI-HSP70 expression vector was successfully constructed,and the fusion protein was highly expressed in host strain BL21,and the expressed proteins were all in a soluble form.By optimizing the induction expression conditions,it was found that the optimal expression conditions were the IPTG concentration of 0.5 mmol/L and induction at 20℃for 36 h.The expression analysis of the rice HSP70 gene under different stress treatments was carried out by qRT-PCR technology,and it was found that H,D and DH stresses all could induce its expression,and its expression levels were 4.65,1.40 and 17.66 times higher than that of the CK group,respectively.[Conclusions]This study lays a solid foundation for the isolation,purification and functional study of rice HSP70 proteins.

Endoscopic Ruler for varix size measurement:A multicenter pilot study

BACKGROUND We invented Endoscopic Ruler,a new endoscopic device to measure the size of varices in patients with cirrhosis and portal hypertension.AIM To assess the feasibility and safety of Endoscopic Ruler,and evaluate the agreement on identifying large oesophageal varices(OV)between Endoscopic Ruler and the endoscopists,as well as the interobserver agreement on diagnosing large OV using Endoscopic Ruler.METHODS We prospectively and consecutively enrolled patients with cirrhosis from 11 hospitals,all of whom got esophagogastroduodenoscopy(EGD)with Endoscopic Ruler.The primary study outcome was a successful measurement of the size of varices using Endoscopic Ruler.The secondary outcomes included adverse events,operation time,the agreement of identifying large OV between the objective measurement of Endoscopic Ruler and the empirical reading of endoscopists,together with the interobserver agreement on diagnosing large OV by Endoscopic Ruler.RESULTS From November 2020 to April 2022,a total of 120 eligible patients with cirrhosis were recruited and all of them underwent EGD examinations with Endoscopic Ruler successfully without any adverse event.The median operation time of Endoscopic Ruler was 3.00 min[interquartile range(IQR):3.00 min].The kappa value between Endoscopic Ruler and the endoscopists while detecting large OV was 0.52,demonstrating a moderate agreement.The kappa value for diagnosing large OV using Endoscopic Ruler among the six independent observers was 0.77,demonstrating a substantial agreement.CONCLUSION The data demonstrates that Endoscopic Ruler is feasible and safe for measuring the size of varices in patients with cirrhosis and portal hypertension.Endoscopic Ruler is potential to promote the clinical practice of the two-grade classification system of OV.

就业管理业务的流程标准化模型构建研究

高校在面对就业环境日益恶化和数字技术迅猛发展的今天,已经形成了一种新型的人才培养模式,但目前高校毕业生的就业管理服务工作还处于初级阶段,企业和毕业生急需一个良好的交流和沟通的平台,企业期望通过该平台可和毕业生进行直接的交流,而毕业生也希望通过这个平台能更好地理解企业的招聘需求。基于此,本文从就业管理业务的流程标准化模型构建思路入手,根据传统就业流程和日常就业管理经验,在原有业务流程之上进行优化,深入分析全新的业务处理方法和数据系统构建方案,以供参考。

Testing hypotheses under covariate-adaptive randomisation andadditive models

Covariate-adaptive randomisation has a long history of applications in clinical trials. Shao, Yu,and Zhong [(2010). A theory for testing hypotheses under covariate-adaptive randomization.Biometrika, 97, 347–360] and Shao and Yu [(2013). Validity of tests under covariate-adaptivebiased coin randomization and generalized linear models. Biometrics, 69, 960–969] showed thatthe simple t-test is conservative under covariate-adaptive biased coin (CABC) randomisation interms of type I error, and proposed a valid test using the bootstrap. Under a general additivemodel with CABC randomisation, we construct a calibrated t-test that shares the same propertyas the bootstrap method in Shao et al. (2010), but do not need large computation required by thebootstrap method. Some simulation results are presented to show the finite sample performanceof the calibrated t-test.

Comparison of two bedside evaluation methods of dysphagia in patients with acute stroke

Background Dysphagia is a common complication after stroke.Water swallowing test(WST)is a recognised but limited tool in providing details about dysphagia,including severity and how to adjust the diet based on the test results.Methods We performed a prospective observational study of comparing WST and volume-viscosity swallow test(V-VST)in patients with acute stroke within 14 days.All patients had WST and if failed would have a V-VST.The primary outcome was to compare the dysphagia levels assessed by these two test tools.The secondary outcome was to explore the predictive capability in patients who were at high risk of pneumonia by these two swallowing tests.results Consecutively 276 patients with stroke were enrolled in our study,and 197 had normal WST.Among 79 patients who had both WST and V-VST,20 showed swallowing safety and effectiveness by V-VST.The chance of being on tube feeding was strongly related to the positive results of failed WST(p<0.001).Both tests showed good predictive ability in patients with stroke for pneumonia even some of them were placed on tube feeding(p=0.001 in WST and p<0.001 in V-VST).Conclusions V-VST performed better as a clinical screening test for dysphagia in patients with acute stroke at the bedside.Trial registration number ChiCTR1800016442.

Gastrointestinal involvement of COVID-19 and potential faecal transmission of SARS-CoV-2

Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19),caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2),was found initially in Wuhan,China in early December 2019.The pandemic has spread to 216 countries and regions,infecting more than 23310000 people and causing over 800000 deaths globally by Aug.24,2020,according to World Health Organization(https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019).Fever,cough,and dyspnea are the three common symptoms of the condition,whereas the conventional transmission route for SARS-CoV-2 is through droplets entering the respiratory tract.

Expression of Innate Immunity Genes in Epithelial Cells of Hypertrophic Adenoids with and without Pediatric Chronic Rhinosinusitis： A Preliminary Report

Background： Adenoid hypertrophy （AH） is associated with pediatric chronic rhinosinusitis （pCRS）, but its role in the inflammatory process of pCRS is unclear. It is thought that innate immunity gene expression is disrupted in the epithelium of patients with chronic rhinosinusitis （CRS）, including antimicrobial peptides and pattern recognition receptors （PRRs）. The aim of this preliminary study was to detect the expression of innate immunity genes in epithelial cells of hypertrophic adenoids with and without pCRS to better understand their role in pCRS. Methods： Nine pCRS patients and nine simple AH patients undergoing adenoidectomy were recruited for the study. Adenoidal epithelium was isolated, and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction （RT-qPCR） was employed to measure relative expression levels of the following messenger RNAs in hypertrophic adenoid epithelial cells of pediatric patients with and without CRS： Human β-defensin （HBD） 2 and 3, surfactant protein （SP）-A and D, toll-like receptors 1-10, nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain （NOD）-like receptors NOD 1, NOD 2, and NACHT, LRR and PYD domains-containing protein 3, retinoic acid-induced gene 1, melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5, and nuclear factor-riB （NF-KB）. RT-qPCR data from two groups were analyzed by independent sample t-tests and Mann-Whitney U-tests. Results： The relative expression of SP-D in adenoidal epithelium ofpCRS group was significantly lower than that in AH group （pCRS 0.73 ± 0.10 vs. AH 1.21 ±0.15; P = 0.0173, t = 2.654）. The relative expression levels of all tested PRRs and NF-κB, as well as HBD-2, HBD-3, and SP-A, showed no statistically significant differences in isolated adenoidal epithelium between pCRS group and AH group. Conclusions： Down-regulated SP-D levels in adenoidal epithelium may contribute to the development of pCRS. PRRs, however, are unlikely to play a significant role in the inflammatory process ofpCRS.

Secretions from hypochlorous acid-treated tumor cells delivered in a melittin hydrogel potentiate cancer immunotherapy

Autologous tumor cells and cell-derived secretions(CDS)can induce antitumor immune responses.The conditions in which cells are cultured and treated impact CDS,and cellular insults alter their composition and function.In this study,we generated CDS from tumor cells exposed to normal culture conditions,hypoxia,cisplatin,radiotherapy,photodynamic therapy,or hypochlorous acid(HOCl).In vitro HOCl-CDS showed the strongest stimulatory effects on dendritic cells and macrophages compared to CDS generated by hypoxia,cisplatin,radiotherapy or photodynamic therapy.To improve HOCl-CDS activity at the tumor site,we loaded HOCl-CDS into a melittin-encapsulated hydrogel scaffold.When injected intratumorally,the HOCl-CDS hydrogel promoted tumor cell death,cytotoxic T lymphocyte infiltration,and tumor-associated macrophage reprogramming towards an M1 phenotype.The hydrogel inhibited tumor growth and prolonged the survival of mice bearing B16-F10 melanoma.Furthermore,hydrogel-delivered HOCl-CDS augmented the antitumor effects of immune checkpoint blockade.These results underscore the importance of the CDS generation method and delivery approach for improving cancer immunotherapy.