Reshaping force for deformed casing repairing with hydraulic rolling reshaper and its influencing factors

Hydraulic rolling reshaper is an advanced reshaping tool to solve the problem of casing deformation,which has been widely used in recent years.When it is used for well repair operation,the reshaping force provided by ground devices is generally determined by experience.However,too large reshaping force may destroy the deformed casing,and too small reshaping force may also prolong the construction period and affect the repairing effect.In this paper,based on Hertz contact theory and elastic-plastic theory,combined with the process parameters of shaping,and considering the structural characteristics of the deformed casing and reshaper,we propose a mathematical model for calculating the reshaping force required for repairing deformed casing by hydraulic rolling reshaper.Meanwhile,the finite element model and numerical method of hydraulic rolling reshaper repairing deformed casing are established by using the finite element method,and the reliability of the mathematical model is verified by several examples.On this basis,the control variable method is used to investigate the influence of each parameter on the reshaping force,and the influence degree of each parameter is explored by orthogonal simulation test and Pearson correlation analysis.The research results not only provide an important theoretical basis for the prediction of reshaping force in on-site construction,but also provide a reference for the subsequent improvement of the shaping process.

Preoperative controlling nutritional status as an optimal prognostic nutritional index to predict the outcome for colorectal cancer

BACKGROUND The controlling nutritional status(CONUT)score effectively reflects a patient’s nutritional status,which is closely related to cancer prognosis.This study invest-igated the relationship between the CONUT score and prognosis after radical surgery for colorectal cancer,and compared the predictive ability of the CONUT score with other indexes.AIM To analyze the predictive performance of the CONUT score for the survival rate of colorectal cancer patients who underwent potentially curative resection.METHODS This retrospective analysis included 217 patients with newly diagnosed colorectal.The CONUT score was calculated based on the serum albumin level,total lymphocyte count,and total cholesterol level.The cutoff value of the CONUT score for predicting prognosis was 4 according to the Youden Index by the receiver operating characteristic curve.The associations between the CONUT score and the prognosis were performed using Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox regression analysis.RESULTS Using the cutoff value of the CONUT score,patients were stratified into CONUT low(n=189)and CONUT high groups(n=28).The CONUT high group had worse overall survival(OS)(P=0.013)and relapse-free survival(RFS)(P=0.015).The predictive performance of CONUT was superior to the modified Glasgow prognostic score,the prognostic nutritional index,and the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio.Meanwhile,the predictive performances of CONUT+tumor node metastasis(TNM)stage for 3-year OS[area under the receiver operating characteristics curve(AUC)=0.803]and 3-year RFS(AUC=0.752)were no less than skeletal muscle mass index(SMI)+TNM stage.The CONUT score was negatively correlated with SMI(P<0.01).CONCLUSION As a nutritional indicator,the CONUT score could predict long-term outcomes after radical surgery for colorectal cancer,and its predictive ability was superior to other indexes.The correlation between the CONUT score and skeletal muscle may be one of the factors that play a predictive role.

Evaluating the efficacy of percutaneous puncture biopsy guided by contrast-enhanced ultrasound for peripheral pulmonary lesions

BACKGROUND The incidence and mortality of lung cancer have increased annually.Accurate diagnosis can help improve therapeutic efficacy of interventions and prognosis.Percutaneous lung biopsy is a reliable method for the clinical diagnosis of lung cancer.Ultrasound-guided percutaneous lung biopsy technology has been widely promoted and applied in recent years.AIM To investigate the diagnostic value of contrast-enhanced ultrasound(CEUS)-guided percutaneous biopsy in peripheral pulmonary lesions.METHODS We retrospectively collected data on 237 patients with peripheral thoracic focal lesions who underwent puncture biopsy at Wuxi People’s Hospital.The patients were randomly divided into two groups:The CEUS-guided before lesion puncture group(contrast group)and conventional ultrasound-guided group(control group).Analyze the diagnostic efficacy of the puncture biopsy,impact of tumor size,and number of puncture needles and complications were analyzed and compared between the two groups.RESULTS Accurate pathological results were obtained for 92.83%(220/237)of peripheral lung lesions during the first biopsy,with an accuracy rate of 95.8%(113/118)in the contrast group and 89.9%(107/119)in the control group.The difference in the area under the curve(AUC)between the contrast and the control groups was not statistically significant(0.952 vs 0.902,respectively;P>0.05).However,when the lesion diameter≥5 cm,the diagnostic AUC of the contrast group was higher than that of the control group(0.952 vs 0.902,respectively;P<0.05).In addition,the average number of puncture needles in the contrast group was lower than that in the control group(2.58±0.53 vs 2.90±0.56,respectively;P<0.05).CONCLUSION CEUS guidance can enhance the efficiency of puncture biopsy of peripheral pulmonary lesions,especially for lesions with a diameter≥5 cm.Therefore,CEUS guidance has high clinical diagnostic value in puncture biopsy of peripheral focal lung lesions.

Kai Xin San ameliorates scopolamine-induced cognitive dysfunction

Kai Xin San(KXS, containing ginseng, hoelen, polygala, and acorus), a traditional Chinese herbal compound, has been found to regulate cognitive dysfunction; however, its mechanism of action is still unclear. In this study, 72 specific-pathogen-free male Kunming mice aged 8 weeks were randomly divided into a vehicle control group, scopolamine group, low-dose KXS group, moderate-dose KXS group, high-dose KXS group, and positive control group. Except for the vehicle control group and scopolamine groups(which received physiological saline), the doses of KXS(0.7, 1.4 and 2.8 g/kg per day) and donepezil(3 mg/kg per day) were gastrointestinally administered once daily for 2 weeks. On day 8 after intragastric treatment, the behavioral tests were carried out. Scopolamine group and intervention groups received scopolamine 3 mg/kg per day through intraperitoneal injection. The effects of KXS on spatial learning and memory, pathological changes of brain tissue, expression of apoptosis factors, oxidative stress injury factors, synapse-associated protein, and cholinergic neurotransmitter were measured. The results confirmed the following.(1) KXS shortened the escape latency and increased residence time in the target quadrant and the number of platform crossings in the Morris water maze.(2) KXS increased the percentage of alternations between the labyrinth arms in the mice of KXS groups in the Y-maze.(3) Nissl and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling staining revealed that KXS promoted the production of Nissl bodies and inhibited the formation of apoptotic bodies.(4) Western blot assay showed that KXS up-regulated the expression of anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 and inhibited the expression of pro-apoptotic protein Bax. KXS up-regulated the expression of postsynaptic density 95, synaptophysin, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus.(5) KXS increased the level and activity of choline acetyltransferase, acetylcholine, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase, and reduced the level and activity of acetyl cholinesterase, reactive oxygen species, and malondialdehyde through acting on the cholinergic system and reducing oxidative stress damage. These results indicate that KXS plays a neuroprotective role and improves cognitive function through reducing apoptosis and oxidative stress, and regulating synapse-associated protein and cholinergic neurotransmitters.

Biodistribution and Toxicity Assessment of Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles In Vitro and In Vivo

Biodistribution and toxicity assessment are critical for safe clinical use of newly developed medicines.Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPION)are effective carriers for targeted drug delivery.This study aimed to examine the toxicity and biodistribution of SPION coated with polyethylenimine (PEI)(SPION-PEI)designed for small interfering RNA (siRNA) delivery both in vitro and in vivo.SPION-PEI/siRNA complexes were prepared at different weight ratios.Cytotoxic effects of SPION-PEI/siRNA on HSC-T6 cell viability were determined by using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT).Rats were divided into three groups:a control group,a normal-saline group and a SPION-PEI/siRNA group.After a single intravenous injection,in vivo nanoparticle biodistribution and accumulation were evaluated by Prussian blue staining in the heart,liver,spleen,lung and kidney 8 h,24 h,and 7 days after the injection.Their distribution was histologically studied at the three time points by measuring ironpositive areas (μm2)in organ sections stained with Prussian blue.The same organs were analyzed by H&E staining for any possible histopathological changes.Furthermore,biochemical indexes such as alanine amino transaminase (ALT),aspartate transaminase (AST),blood urea nitrogen (BUN)and creatinine (CREA)were also assessed at all experimental time points.Electrophoresis exhibited that the SPION-PEI could retard siRNA altogether at weight ratios above 4.MTT assay showed that SPION-PEI loaded with siRNA had low cytotoxicity.In vivo study revealed that the liver and spleen were the major sites of SPION-PEI/siRNA deposition.The iron content was significantly increased in the liver and spleen,peaking 24 h after intravenous injection and then declining gradually.No evidence was found of irreversible histopathological damage to any of the organs tested.These results suggested that most SPION-PEI/siRNA complexes were distributed in the liver and spleen,which might be the target organs of SPION-PEI/siRNA complexes.SPION- PEI/siRNA may serve as in vivo carrier for biomedical medicines.

Empathetic nursing with mindful cognitive therapy for fatigue,depression,and negative emotions in leukemia patients undergoing long-term chemotherapy

BACKGROUND Leukemia is a broad term for blood cell cancer.Leukemia is divided into acute or chronic,depending on cell differentiation.Leukemia patients are prone to adverse reactions during chemotherapy,such as anxiety,depression,and even suicide,affecting prognosis.As a nursing model developed by three well-known cognitive psychologists,empathetic nursing with mindfulness cognitive therapy(ENMCT)can effectively reduce anxiety and depression and improve the quality of life in patients with chronic disease.AIM To explore the effect of ENMCT on cancer-induced fatigue,hope level,and negative emotions in patients with long-term leukemia chemotherapy.METHODS A total of 103 patients with long-term leukemia chemotherapy diagnosed and treated in our hospital from July 2017 to October 2019 were enrolled and randomly assigned to observation and control groups using the random number table approach.Fifty-one patients in the control group received routine nursing,while 52 patients in the observation group received empathic nursing with mindfulness cognitive therapy.After three months of nursing care,cancerinduced fatigue was measured with the Piper Fatigue Scale(PFS),hope level with the Herth Hope Index(HHI),and negative emotion with the Hamilton Anxiety Scale(HAMA)/Hamilton Depression Scale(HAMD).Self-management(Chinese Strategies Used by People to Promote Health)was also recorded.RESULTS The observation group’s total scores in behavior,cognition,emotion,feeling,and PFS were lower than the control group after the intervention(P<0.05).Keeping close contact with others,the attitude of taking positive actions,the attitude toward reality and future,and the total HHI score were higher in the observation group than the control group(P<0.05).The observation group’s HAMA and HAMD scores were lower than the control group(P<0.05).The observation group’s positive attitude,self-decision,and self-relief scores were greater than the control group(P<0.05).CONCLUSION Empathetic nursing with cognitive mindfulness therapy is beneficial in improving cancer-related fatigue,negative emotions,expectation level,and self-management ability in patients with longterm leukemia chemotherapy.

Up-regulation of Fas Ligand Expression by Sirtuin 1 in both Flow-restricted Vessels and Serum-stimulated Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells

Objective To study the role of sirtuin 1 （SIRT1） in Fas ligand （FasL） expression regulation during vascular lesion formation and to elucidate the potential mechanisms. Methods SIRT1 and FasL protein levels were detected by Western blotting in either mouse arteries extract or the whole rat aortic vascular smooth muscle cell （VSMC） lysate. Smooth muscle cell （SMC）-specific human SIRT1 transgenic （Tg） C57BL/6 mice and their littermate wild-type （WT） controls underwent complete carotid artery ligation （ligation groups） or the ligation-excluded operation （sham groups）. The carotid arteries were collected 1 day after operation. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction was performed to detect the mRNA levels of SIRT1 and FasL. Luciferase reporter assays were performed to detect the effect of WT-SIRT1, a dominant-negative form of SIRT1 （SIRT1H363Y）, and GATA-6 on the promoter activity of FasL. Flow cytometry assay was applied to measure the hypodiploid DNA content of VSMC so as to monitor cellular apoptosis. Results SIRTI was expressed in both rat aortic VSMCs and mouse arteries. Forced SIRT1 expression increased FasL expression both in injured mouse carotid arteries 1 day after ligation （P〈0.001） and VSMCs treated with serum （P〈0.05 at the transcriptional level, P〈0.001 at the protein level）. No notable apoptosis was observed. Furthermore, transcription factor GATA-6 increased the promoter activity of FasL （P〈0.001）. The induction of FasL promoter activity by GATA-6 was enhanced by WT-SIRT1 （P〈0.001）, while SIRT1H363Y significantly relieved the enhancing effect of WT-SIRT1 on GATA-6 （P〈0.001）. Conclusions Overexpression of SIRT1 up-regulates FasL expression in both flow-restricted mouse carotid arteries and serum-stimulated VSMCs. The transcription factor GATA-6 participates in the transcriptional regulation of FasL expression by SIRT 1.

Selective introduction of surface defects in anatase TiO2 nanosheets for highly efficient photocatalytic hydrogen generation

Defect engineering greatly enhances the cat-alytic activity of transition metal semiconductor photocat-alysts.Recently,localized surface defects engineering has been intensively researched,but it still remains challenges on how to tilt the balance to the controllable construction of surface defects rather than bulk ones.Here,we report a facile room-temperature solution processing strategy on(001)facet exposed anatase TiO_(2) nanosheets(ATO),in which localized defects are generated on the surface selectivity with high concentration.To achieve the aspect,lithium-ethylenediamine(Li-EDA)treatment is carried out on(001)facet exposed ATO under a mild condition.The optimized sample exhibits outstanding photocatalytic H_(2) production rates of 9.28 mmol·g^(-1)·h^(-1) with loading 0.5 wt%Pt as co-catalyst(AM 1.5),which is nearly 7.5 times higher than that of the pristine ATO.This defect engi-neering strategy of ATO photocatalyst will spark the ideas for the defects engineering and semiconductor photocata-lyst,which is with important application prospect in solar energy conversion,including hydrogen generation and carbon dioxide reduction.

Contributions of Individual Amino Acid Residues to the Endogenous CLV3 Function in Shoot Apical Meristem Maintenance in Arabidopsis

As a peptide hormone, CLV3 restricts the stem cell number in shoot apical meristem （SAM） by interacting with CLV1/CLV2/CRN/RPK2 receptor complexes. To elucidate how the function of the CLV3 peptide in SAM maintenance is established at the amino acid （AA） level, alanine substitutions were performed by introducing point mutations to individual residues in the peptide-coding region of CLV3 and its flanking sequences. Constructs carrying such substitutions, expressed under the control of CLV3 regulatory elements, were transformed to the clv3-2 null mutant to evaluate their efficiencies in complementing its defects in SAMs in vivo. These studies showed that aspartate-8, histidine-11, glycine-6, proline-4, arginine-1, and proline-9, arranged in an order of importance, were critical, while threonine-2, valine-3, serine-5, and the previously assigned hydroxylation and arabinosylation residue proline-7 were trivial for the endogenous CLV3 function in SAM maintenance. In contrast, substitutions of flanking residues did not impose much damage on CLV3. Complementation of different alanine-substituted constructs was confirmed by measurements of the sizes of SAMs and the WUS expression levels in transgenic plants. These studies established a complete contribution map of individual residues in the peptide-coding region of CLV3 for its function in SAM, which may help to understand peptide hormones in general.

Micro-structured lepidocrocite-type H_(1.07)Ti_(1.73)O_(4)as anode for lithium-ion batteries with an ultrahigh rate and long-term cycling performance

The lepidocrocite-type H_(1.07)Ti_(1.73)O_(4) microsized structures with a tap density of 0.88 g·cm^(-3) were prepared through the ion exchange method with K_(0.8)Li_(0.27)Ti_(1.73)O_(4) powder as the precursor,and they exhibited good rate performance and outstanding cycle stability as an anode material for lithium ion batteries(LIB).The ion exchange method provides favorable conditions for H_(1.07)Ti_(1.73)O_(4) as an anode electrode material for LIBs.X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)result demonstrates the existence of defects in the nonstoichiometric H1.07Ti1.73O4,which have a beneficial effect on the LIB performance.The electrochemical performance test proves that the half-cell with microsized H_(1.07)Ti_(1.73)O_(4)as the anode electrode can maintain a specific capacity of 129.5 mAh·g^(-1) after 1100 cycles and 101 mAh·g^(-1)after 3000 long cycles at high current densities of 2.0 and 5.0 A·g^(-1),respectively.In addition,the small volume change rate of 3.6%in H_(1.07)Ti_(1.73)O_(4)during Li ion insertion was confirmed by real-time in situ transmission electron microscopy(TEM).The LiFePO_(4)||H_(1.07)Ti_(1.73)O_(4)full battery exhibits a longterm cycling stability with a specific capacity of73.8 mAh·g^(-1) at a current density of 500 mA·g^(-1) after 200 cycles.

Study on the Differences of Endocrine and Metabolic Characteristics in Clinical Subtypes of PCOS

Objective To investigate the differences of endocrine and metabolic characteristics in PCOS women among different subtypes. Methods A total of 249 PCOS women were classified into 4 subtypes by Rotterdam criteria： hyperandrogenism （HA） and oligo-ovulation/anovulation （0） and PCO ultrasonography （P） （HA＋O＋P, group A, 111 women）; HA＋O （group B, 9 women）; HA＋P （group C, 22 women） and O＋P （group D, 107 women）. Another 110 infertii＇e women with tubal defects constituted a control group. Endocrine and metabolic characteristics were compared among the 5 groups. PCOS women were then reclassified into 2 groups, according to whether they have hyperandrogenism or not. Endocrine ond metabolic characteristics were then compared again. Results The levels of androstenedione （A）, testosterone （T） and LH/FSH were the highest in group A and group C, secondly in group D, the lowest was in control group. A, T and LH/FSH were the highest in hyperandrogenism group, secondly in non- hyperandrogenism group, whereas the control was the lowest. Menstrual cycle and BMI correlated with glucose and lipid metabolism but showed no correlateion with T and A. Hyperandrogenism group had higher fasting glucose （FG）, glucose at 60 min （G60） and glucose levels under the curve （GLUAUC） and lower disposition index （DI） than non-hyperandrogenism group, however, menstrual cycle, BMI and the lipid indicators had no difference. Conclusion Hyperandrogenism is an important characteristic in F＇COS women. Thus it might be used to classify PCOS into 2 subgroups. Hyperandrogenism and lipid disorders for the formation of PCOS often coexist but each has individual pathogenesis.

Fabrication method of ultra-small gradient-index fiber probe

Fabrication method and device of ultra-small gradient-index （GRIN） fiber probe were investigated in order to explore the development of ultra-small probes for optical coherence tomography （OCT） imaging. The beam- expanding effect of no-core fiber （NCF） and the focusing properties of the GRIN fiber lens were analyzed based on the model of GRIN fiber probe consisting of single-mode fiber （SMF）, NCF and GRIN fiber lens. A stereo micro- scope based system was developed to fabricate the GRIN fiber probe. A fiber fusion splicer and an ultrasonic cleaver were used to weld and cut the fiber respectively. A con- focal microscopy was used to measure the dimensions of probe components. The results show that the sizes of probe components developed are at the level of millimeter. Therefore, the proposed experimental system meets the fabrication requirements of an ultra-small self-focusing GRIN fiber probe. This shows that this fabrication device and method can be employed in the fabrication of ultra- small self-focusing GRIN fiber probe and applied in the study of miniaturized optical probes and OCT systems.